Michael Diehl
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 692874 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Michael Diehl |
| PRENOMES | Michael |
| SOBRENOME | Diehl |
| ASSINATURA | DIEHL M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Colorado State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2055-3839 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 407 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Are Health and Negative Affect Decoupled in Late Adulthood? The Moderating Role of Self-Perceptions of Aging
ObjectivesPhysical health often declines with age, yet subjective well-being (SWB) tends to remain stable. Stereotype Embodiment Theory proposes that internalized self-perceptions of aging (SPAs) shape how physical changes are interpreted. This study tested whether SPA buffered the affective impact of health decline. The role of SPA was tested in midlife and late adulthood.MethodsData came from the ILSE, a population-based study of 1,002 adults i…
Differential Item Functioning Along the Old Age Continuum
Findings underscore that across the multiple decades of the fourth age, interpretations of aging experiences vary and depend on a person's own late-life health and functioning and on that of significant others
Gratitude and loneliness in daily life across the adult lifespan
Examining the Malleability of Negative Views of Aging, Self-Efficacy Beliefs, and Behavioral Intentions in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
NCT0329948
Testing Bidirectionality in Associations of Awareness of Age-Related Gains and Losses With Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Functioning Across 1 Year
In accordance with previous research targeting other indicators of self-perceptions of aging, this study supported a stronger impact of AARC-losses on indicators of physical functioning and mental health than vice versa from midlife to old-old age
Gisela Labouvie-Vief (1945–2022)
This article memorializes Gisela Labouvie-Vief (1945-2022). The deceased was a distinguished lifespan developmental psychologist and internationally renowned scholar in psychological aging research. In several highly noted theoretical articles she developed a theory of adult intellectual development that was neo-Piagetian in nature. This theory influenced her later work on postoperational and dialectical thinking and foreshadowed the work on wisd…
Subjective Views of Aging
Awareness of age-related change in the context of major life events
Although gains and losses are an integral part of human development, the experience of change and readjustment that often comes with major life events may be particularly influential for an individual's subjective aging experience and awareness of age-related change (AARC). Thus, this study focused on the role of life events in the domains of family and health for an individual's awareness of age-related gains and losses. Specifically, we differe…
Has the Covid-19 pandemic affected older adults’ personal and general views on aging? Evidence for losses and gains
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic might have affected older adults' personal and general views on aging (VoA) because they were frequently, particularly during the early phase of the pandemic, portrayed as a homogeneous, vulnerable group in the media and in public debates. Also, their higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease progression as well as other pandemic-related stressors and restrictions might have impacted how older adults perce…
Measuring (Non)Essentialist Beliefs About the Process of Aging
Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between fixed versus malleable aging beliefs in research on aging and life-span development
Aging in Times of the Covid-19 Pandemic
The Effects of Age Stereotypes on Physical and Mental Health Are Mediated by Self-perceptions of Aging
Congruent with theoretical assumptions, our findings provide empirical support for a directional pathway by which AS shape later SPA. We conclude that AS and SPA may affect physical health outcomes more strongly than mental health outcomes. Studies that assess both types of VoA are needed to illuminate the pathways by which VoA influence aging outcomes
Feeling Young and in Control
These findings suggest that higher daily control is associated with younger subjective ages in older adults, whereas other factors may play a more central role in the daily variations of younger adults' subjective ages
How do views on aging affect health outcomes in adulthood and late life? Explanations for an established connection
Gaining economic profit or losing cultural security
Recent research suggests that different motivational bases underlie economic and cultural conservatism. Different political messages may address these different motivational bases. This article investigates the hypothesis that gain frames and achievement frames are more persuasive for participants high in economic conservatism and for economic conservative political issues, whereas loss and security frames are more persuasive for participants hig…
Examination of Associations Among Three Distinct Subjective Aging Constructs and Their Relevance for Predicting Developmental Correlates
These findings support the need for conceptualizing SA across different behavioral domains and for distinguishing between positive and negative SA
The influence of subjective aging on health and longevity
Awareness of aging
Change in coping and defense mechanisms across adulthood
This study examined longitudinal changes in coping and defense mechanisms in an age- and gender-stratified sample of 392 European American adults. Nonlinear age-related changes were found for the coping mechanisms of sublimation and suppression and the defense mechanisms of intellectualization, doubt, displacement, and regression. The change trajectories for sublimation and suppression showed that their use increased from adolescence to late midd…
Natural Occurrence of Subjective Aging Experiences in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Our results demonstrate the benefits of an open-ended approach to a multidimensional understanding of SAEs. Content-related, social-cognitive and social-emotional changes more than functional age-related changes were most important for well-being
Time-based indicators of emotional complexity
Emotional complexity has been regarded as one correlate of adaptive emotion regulation in adulthood. One novel and potentially valuable approach to operationalizing emotional complexity is to use reports of emotions obtained repeatedly in real time, which can generate a number of potential time-based indicators of emotional complexity. It is not known, however, how these indicators relate to each other, to other measures of affective complexity, …
Motivation losses in teamwork
Team diversity may lead to a categorization of teammates as ingroup versus outgroup members. Therefore, the question arises whether there would be more permissiveness in reaction to ingroup free-riders than outgroup free-riders. To test this hypothesis, subjects were randomly assigned to one of two reward conditions (equity versus equality) and had to work with a partner who obviously underachieved and supposedly belonged to the same or a differe…
Risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress in adulthood
This study observed young, middle-aged, and older adults (N = 239; Mage = 49.6 years; range = 18-89 years) for 30 consecutive days to examine the association between daily stress and negative affect, taking into account potential risk (i.e., self-concept incoherence) and resilience (i.e., age, perceived personal control) factors. Results indicated that younger individuals and individuals with a more incoherent self-concept showed higher average n…
Awareness of Age-Related Change
This theoretical article discusses the emerging concept of awareness of age-related change (AARC). We propose that a focus on AARC extends the research traditions on subjective age experiences and age identity and that examination of this concept can serve a stimulating role in social gerontology. After defining and contrasting AARC against similar concepts, several reasons for the relevance of this mostly unexplored construct are provided. The s…
Empathy across the adult lifespan
This study examined change in self-reported empathy in a four-wave longitudinal study spanning 12 years (1992-2004) and the association between empathy and other measures, including daily reports of relationship experiences. Participants initially ranged in age from 10 years to 87 years. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of age with empathy revealed divergent patterns. Whereas cross-sectional analyses suggested that older adults score…
Aging in Times of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Effects of Attitudinal Ambivalence on Information Processing and Attitude-Intention Consistency
Awareness of aging
Productivity loss in brainstorming groups
We conducted four experiments to investigate free riding, evaluation apprehension, and production blocking as explanations of the difference in brainstorming productivity typically observed between real and nominal groups. In Experiment 1, we manipulated assessment expectations in group and individual brainstorming. Although productivity was higher when subjects worked under personal rather than collective assessment instructions, type of session…
Productivity loss in idea-generating groups
Risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress in adulthood
This study observed young, middle-aged, and older adults (N = 239; Mage = 49.6 years; range = 18-89 years) for 30 consecutive days to examine the association between daily stress and negative affect, taking into account potential risk (i.e., self-concept incoherence) and resilience (i.e., age, perceived personal control) factors. Results indicated that younger individuals and individuals with a more incoherent self-concept showed higher average n…
Awareness of Age-Related Change
This theoretical article discusses the emerging concept of awareness of age-related change (AARC). We propose that a focus on AARC extends the research traditions on subjective age experiences and age identity and that examination of this concept can serve a stimulating role in social gerontology. After defining and contrasting AARC against similar concepts, several reasons for the relevance of this mostly unexplored construct are provided. The s…
Adult attachment styles
Change in coping and defense mechanisms across adulthood
This study examined longitudinal changes in coping and defense mechanisms in an age- and gender-stratified sample of 392 European American adults. Nonlinear age-related changes were found for the coping mechanisms of sublimation and suppression and the defense mechanisms of intellectualization, doubt, displacement, and regression. The change trajectories for sublimation and suppression showed that their use increased from adolescence to late midd…
Natural Occurrence of Subjective Aging Experiences in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Our results demonstrate the benefits of an open-ended approach to a multidimensional understanding of SAEs. Content-related, social-cognitive and social-emotional changes more than functional age-related changes were most important for well-being
Acculturation and the composition of the diet of Tucson’s overseas Chinese gardeners at the turn of the Century
The Effects of Age Stereotypes on Physical and Mental Health Are Mediated by Self-perceptions of Aging
Congruent with theoretical assumptions, our findings provide empirical support for a directional pathway by which AS shape later SPA. We conclude that AS and SPA may affect physical health outcomes more strongly than mental health outcomes. Studies that assess both types of VoA are needed to illuminate the pathways by which VoA influence aging outcomes
Age differences in adult personality
This study used samples of adults from the United States (n = 285) and the People's Republic of China (n = 450) to examine age, gender, and culture differences in personality. Participants in both samples ranged from 20 to 87 years of age and responded to the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Factor analyses of the CPI resulted in 4 personality factors (i.e., extraversion, control/norm orientation, flexibility, femininity/masculinity), wi…
Idea Production in Nominal and Virtual Groups
Findings in previous research on the effectiveness of computer brainstorming groups as compared to other kinds of brainstorming groups are equivocal with regard to the quantity and quality of idea production. Nevertheless, using computer-mediated communication is often recommended to enhance idea production in brainstorming groups. This recommendation is based on the assumption that reading others' ideas leads to mutual cognitive stimulation. To …
Measures of national stereotypes as predictors of the latencies of inductive versus deductive stereotypic judgements
According to Taifel's accentuation theory, national stereotypes can be thought of as the correlation between trait dimensions and national affiliations, This correlation is high when the trait shows high homogeneity within and high distinctiveness between the national groups. The present study tested the hypothesis that a trait's distinctiveness would facilitate inductive stereotypic judgements (inferences from trait to nationality) whereas homog…
Is politician A or politician B more persuasive? recipients' source preference and the direction of biased message processing
Participants' preference for one of two politicians running for the post of Chancellor in Germany was measured. Under conditions conducive to effortful processing, participants were then presented with a persuasive message ascribed to one of these two sources. The message was either unambiguous strong, unambiguous weak, or ambiguous. Different from previous research on the role of message ambiguity for attitude change, the ambiguous message consi…
Examining the Malleability of Negative Views of Aging, Self-Efficacy Beliefs, and Behavioral Intentions in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
NCT0329948
Examination of Associations Among Three Distinct Subjective Aging Constructs and Their Relevance for Predicting Developmental Correlates
These findings support the need for conceptualizing SA across different behavioral domains and for distinguishing between positive and negative SA
Matching or Competition? Performance Comparison Processes in an Idea Generation Task
Performance matching due to social comparison has been proposed as one explanation for the observed productivity loss in group brainstorming (Brown & Paulus, 1996; Paulus & Dzindolet, 1993). According to Festinger (1954), however, social comparison should not lead to performance matching but rather to competition. In our first experiment, we tested this hypothesis for a coactive situation and found enhanced performance due to interpersonal compet…
Romantic jealousy as a social comparison outcome
Conformity and counterattitudinal behavior
Measuring (Non)Essentialist Beliefs About the Process of Aging
Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between fixed versus malleable aging beliefs in research on aging and life-span development
Feeling Young and in Control
These findings suggest that higher daily control is associated with younger subjective ages in older adults, whereas other factors may play a more central role in the daily variations of younger adults' subjective ages
How temporal distance from past selves influences self‐perception
The present studies examine how perceived temporal distance from past selves influences perceptions of the current self. Participants recalled their past self either at age 9 or 15. These two past selves differ in levels of identification with gender and thus denote different standards of comparison. Three hypotheses were tested. Temporal distance should determine whether recalled past selves produce assimilation or contrast effects on the curren…
Matching the message source to attitude functions
Conformity and counterattitudinal behavior
Psychological vulnerability to alcoholism
Three studies considered the predispositional role of impaired internal scanning in alcoholism. Scanning represents the person's sensitivity to internal stimulation and the extent to which the person utilizes internally generated information. The first study found that more acute alcoholic patients displayed poorer scanning than more chronic alcoholics. This finding contra‐indicates deficit scanning as an effect of alcoholism and suggests that th…
Productivity loss in brainstorming groups
We conducted four experiments to investigate free riding, evaluation apprehension, and production blocking as explanations of the difference in brainstorming productivity typically observed between real and nominal groups. In Experiment 1, we manipulated assessment expectations in group and individual brainstorming. Although productivity was higher when subjects worked under personal rather than collective assessment instructions, type of session…
The Minimal Group Paradigm
(1990). The Minimal Group Paradigm: Theoretical Explanations and Empirical Findings. European Review of Social Psychology: Vol. 1, European Review of Social Psychology, pp. 263-292
Measures of national stereotypes as predictors of the latencies of inductive versus deductive stereotypic judgements
According to Taifel's accentuation theory, national stereotypes can be thought of as the correlation between trait dimensions and national affiliations, This correlation is high when the trait shows high homogeneity within and high distinctiveness between the national groups. The present study tested the hypothesis that a trait's distinctiveness would facilitate inductive stereotypic judgements (inferences from trait to nationality) whereas homog…
Productivity loss in idea-generating groups
Why Groups are less Effective than their Members
There is pervasive evidence that people produce more ideas and more good ideas when working alone rather than in groups. This chapter will first review the evidence for the productivity loss in brainstorming groups and then evaluate the various theoretical explanations which have been offered to account for these findings in the light of empirical research. This evidence suggests that the productivity loss in idea-generating groups is caused main…
Social Work Practice With Caregivers of Frail Older Adults
This article provides a review of the empirical literature on social work practice with the family caregivers of frail older adults, focusing on the evidence in support of a variety of short- and long-term interventions. Practical applications for direct practice are described, along with suggestions for future research in this area
Effects of Attitudinal Ambivalence on Information Processing and Attitude-Intention Consistency
Acculturation and the composition of the diet of Tucson’s overseas Chinese gardeners at the turn of the Century
Adult attachment styles
Attitudinal Ambivalence
The concept of attitudinal ambivalence refers to the degree to which an attitude object is evaluated positively and negatively at the same time. As is argued in the present chapter, ambivalence is an aspect of attitude strength which is likely to have consequences with respect to its impact on information processing, the persistence of the respective attitude, its resistance to persuasion, as well as the relationship between the attitude and rele…
Idea Production in Nominal and Virtual Groups
Findings in previous research on the effectiveness of computer brainstorming groups as compared to other kinds of brainstorming groups are equivocal with regard to the quantity and quality of idea production. Nevertheless, using computer-mediated communication is often recommended to enhance idea production in brainstorming groups. This recommendation is based on the assumption that reading others' ideas leads to mutual cognitive stimulation. To …
Age differences in adult personality
This study used samples of adults from the United States (n = 285) and the People's Republic of China (n = 450) to examine age, gender, and culture differences in personality. Participants in both samples ranged from 20 to 87 years of age and responded to the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Factor analyses of the CPI resulted in 4 personality factors (i.e., extraversion, control/norm orientation, flexibility, femininity/masculinity), wi…
Matching or Competition? Performance Comparison Processes in an Idea Generation Task
Performance matching due to social comparison has been proposed as one explanation for the observed productivity loss in group brainstorming (Brown & Paulus, 1996; Paulus & Dzindolet, 1993). According to Festinger (1954), however, social comparison should not lead to performance matching but rather to competition. In our first experiment, we tested this hypothesis for a coactive situation and found enhanced performance due to interpersonal compet…
Is politician A or politician B more persuasive? recipients' source preference and the direction of biased message processing
Participants' preference for one of two politicians running for the post of Chancellor in Germany was measured. Under conditions conducive to effortful processing, participants were then presented with a persuasive message ascribed to one of these two sources. The message was either unambiguous strong, unambiguous weak, or ambiguous. Different from previous research on the role of message ambiguity for attitude change, the ambiguous message consi…
Romantic jealousy as a social comparison outcome
Agency and communion attributes in adults’ spontaneous self-representations
This study investigated agency and communion attributes in adults’ spontaneous self-representations. The study sample consisted of 158 adults (80 men, 78 women) ranging in age from 20 to 88 years. Consistent with theorising, significant age and sex differences were found in terms of the number of agency and communion attributes. Young and middle-aged adults included significantly more agency attributes in their self-representations than older adu…
Evaluative contrast in social comparison
Self‐other comparisons frequently evoke contrastive reactions, especially when the comparison dimension is relevant and when people strive to maintain or preserve a positive self‐evaluation. In three studies, normal‐weight women were asked to gauge satisfaction with their body weight. In Study 1, self‐evaluation was affected by accessible distinctive information either referring to the self or to comparison others. Studies 2 and 3 tested whether …
Matching the message source to attitude functions
Contextualized Self‐Representations in Adulthood
Theorizing has focused on individuals' self‐representations as a psychological resource for coping with life stress and developmental challenges in adulthood. Many of the prominent theories have conceptualized self‐representations with regard to specific social contexts (e.g., role‐specific self‐representations) and have examined specific structural organizations of the self‐concept with regard to psychological adjustment. This article describes …
Empathy across the adult lifespan
This study examined change in self-reported empathy in a four-wave longitudinal study spanning 12 years (1992-2004) and the association between empathy and other measures, including daily reports of relationship experiences. Participants initially ranged in age from 10 years to 87 years. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of age with empathy revealed divergent patterns. Whereas cross-sectional analyses suggested that older adults score…
Finding Teammates Who Are Not Prone to Sucker and Free-Rider Effects
This study examined whether differences in the endorsement of the `Protestant Work Ethic' (PWE) are related to motivation losses in group work. Three factors were derived from male student scores on the Mirels—Garrett Protestant Work Ethic Scale, Ho's Australian Work Ethic Scale and a scale designed to assess preferences for reward distributions: instrumental value of work, ethical value of work and normative value of equity. The study assessed m…
How temporal distance from past selves influences self‐perception
The present studies examine how perceived temporal distance from past selves influences perceptions of the current self. Participants recalled their past self either at age 9 or 15. These two past selves differ in levels of identification with gender and thus denote different standards of comparison. Three hypotheses were tested. Temporal distance should determine whether recalled past selves produce assimilation or contrast effects on the curren…
Awareness of Age-Related Change
This theoretical article discusses the emerging concept of awareness of age-related change (AARC). We propose that a focus on AARC extends the research traditions on subjective age experiences and age identity and that examination of this concept can serve a stimulating role in social gerontology. After defining and contrasting AARC against similar concepts, several reasons for the relevance of this mostly unexplored construct are provided. The s…
Psychology (44 obras) · Developmental psychology (25 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Aging and Gerontology Research (20 obras) · Social Psychology (18 obras) · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction (13 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (13 obras) · Medicine (12 obras) · Cognitive psychology (11 obras) · Clinical Psychology (9 obras)