J D Brown
Biographic Data
| ID | 69607 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J D Brown |
| GIVEN NAMES | J D |
| FAMILY NAME | Brown |
| SIGNATURE | BROWN J D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Washington |
| ORCID | 0009-0004-2909-1070 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1034 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Will biodiversity actions yield healthy places? A systematic review of human health outcomes associated with biodiversity‐focused urban greening
There is growing interest in using urban greening projects to support biodiversity. While there are many potential co‐benefits, the health outcomes resulting from biodiversity‐supporting activities have yet to be synthesized. We conducted a systematic review of health outcomes associated with seven biodiversity‐supporting elements, including patch size, connections, matrix quality, habitat diversity, native plants, special resources and vegetatio…
Understanding the Better Than Average Effect: Motives (Still) Matter
People evaluate themselves more positively than they evaluate most other people. Although this better than average (BTA) effect was originally thought to represent a motivated bias, several cognitively oriented theorists have questioned whether this is the case. In support of a motivational model, the author reports five studies showing that the BTA effect is stronger for important attributes than unimportant ones (all five studies) and that once…
My Better Half: Partner Enhancement as Self-Enhancement
People define themselves in terms of their relationship partners and they incorporate their partners into their self-concepts. Consequently, partner enhancement—viewing one’s partner in excessively positive terms—might constitute an indirect form of self-enhancement when feelings of self-worth are threatened. To test this hypothesis, the authors gave participants evaluative feedback (e.g., success and failure) and then asked them to appraise them…
Self-reflection and feelings of self-worth: When Rosenberg meets Heisenberg
Gender Differences in Language Acculturation Predict Marital Satisfaction: A Dyadic Analysis of Russian-Speaking Immigrant Couples in the United States
Immigration is a major life event that can create marital distress in couples who migrate together (Min, 2001 ). One instigator of this distress is differences in the rates of acculturation between husbands and wives (Chun and Akutsu, 2003 ; Darvishpour, 2002). Previous qualitative research (Ben-David and Lavee 1994) found that amongst Russian immigrant couples in Israel, marital discord resulted when wives acculturated faster to the host culture…
Self-Esteem and Trait Importance Moderate Cultural Differences in Self-Evaluations
It is widely assumed that East Asians evaluate themselves less positively than do Westerners, but this assumption lacks consistent support. In this report, the authors provide evidence that cultural differences in self-evaluations are moderated by two factors: trait importance and self-esteem. American and Chinese college students completed a self-esteem scale and then evaluated themselves on traits that varied in their cultural importance. Cultu…
Cultural Similarities in Self-Esteem Functioning: East is East and West is West, But Sometimes the Twain do Meet
East Asians report lower levels of self-esteem than North Americans and Western Europeans. These differences could mean that self-esteem is a culturally bounded construct, experienced differently in different cultures, or they could mean that self-esteem is a universally relevant construct whose average level is raised or lowered in different cultures. To examine these possibilities, the authors assessed self-esteem functioning in China and Ameri…
Seeking self-evaulative feedback: The interactive role of global self-esteem and specific self-views
The Self-Enhancement Motive in Collectivistic Cultures: The Rumors of My Death have been Greatly Exaggerated
Self-enhancement biases are generally weaker or absent in collectivistic cultures than they are in independent ones. The source of this effect has been the topic of debate. Some claim the self-enhancement motive is absent in collectivistic cultures, whereas others claim that collectivistic cultures discourage the motive's expression. The majority of the articles in this special issue provides greater support for the latter explanation than for th…
Self-Esteem and Self-Enhancement in Japan and America
Although the self-enhancement motive is commonly held to be a universal human motivation, some theorists have recently argued that it does not operate in Japan. In an attempt to shed light on this issue, the authors conducted an investigation that explored the relation between self-esteem and self-enhancement in Japan and America. In both cultures and to the same degree, high self-esteem people were more apt to display evidence of self-enhancemen…
Do people with low self-esteem really want to feel better? Self-esteem differences in motivation to repair negative moods
This research examined the hypothesis that people with low self-esteem (LSE) are less motivated than people with high self-esteem (HSE) to repair their negative moods. In Study 1, participants completed diaries in response to either a success or a failure in their everyday lives. Participants described what they intended to do next and the reasons behind those plans. After failure, fewer LSE than HSE participants expressed a goal to improve their…
The relative importance of persons, items, subtests and languages to Toefl test variance
Developing Prototypic Measures of Cross-Cultural Pragmatics
Global self-esteem and specific self-views as determinants of people's reactions to success and failure
A critical question in self-esteem research is whether people's reactions to success and failure are guided by their global self-esteem level or by their more specific beliefs about their abilities and attributes. To address this issue, the authors led participants to experience success or failure on an alleged test and then assessed their cognitive and emotional reactions to these outcomes. In Experiment 1, specific self-views predicted particip…
The thrill of victory, the complexity of defeat: Self-esteem and people's emotional reactions to success and failure
Low self-esteem people are assumed to have more severe emotional reactions to failure than are high self-esteem people, but this assumption has not received consistent empirical support. In this article the authors report 2 investigations that found that self-esteem differences of this sort emerge for emotions that directly implicate the self (e.g., pride, humiliation) but not for emotions that do not directly implicate the self (e.g., happiness,…
Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fact from fiction
In 1988, we published an article that challenged the notion that accurate perceptions of self and the world are essential for mental health (Taylor & Brown, 1988). We argued instead that people's perceptions in these domains are positively biased and that these positive illusions promote psychological well-being. In the current article, we review our theoretical model, correct certain misconceptions in its empirical application, and address the c…
Self-esteem, mood, and self-evaluation: Changes in mood and the way you see you
Three studies found that self-esteem moderates the relation between mood and self-evaluation. In Study 1, a standard mood-induction procedure was used to induce positive, negative, or neutral moods in low self-esteem (LSE) Ss and high self-esteem Ss. Afterward, Ss evaluated their specific qualities and characteristics (e.g., How smart are you? How kind are you?). Both self-esteem groups evaluated themselves favorably in a positive mood, but LSE S…
Coming to terms with failure: Private self-enhancement and public self-effacement
When Gulliver travels: Social context, psychological closeness, and self-appraisals
Four studies examined how the characteristics of others affect people's self-appraisals. Ss viewed photographs of physically attractive or unattractive targets, then rated their own attractiveness. Study 1 found evidence for a contrast effect: Ss'self-appraisals were more favorable after viewing an unattractive same-sex target than after viewing an attractive same-sex target. Study 2 manipulated psychological closeness by varying the degree to wh…
The self and social conduct: Linking self-representations to prosocial behavior
Two studies examined how situational variables and personal factors affect peoples ' immediate representations of self and how, once activated, these representations guide behavior. In Study 1, Ss with high self-esteem (HSE) and Ss with low self-esteem (LSE) first experienced success or failure at an alleged test of their intellectual ability. Subsequently, they rated themselves on a series of trait adjectives: Half of the items referred to socia…
Staying fit and staying well: Physical fitness as a moderator of life stress
Previous research suggests that physical fitness moderates the adverse effects of stressful life events. However, a reliance on self-reports of fitness and health may limit the validity of prior investigations. The present research tested the stress-buffering effect of fitness with subjective and objective indicators of exercise, fitness, and physical well-being. For self-reports of health, both self-reports of exercise and objective measures of …
Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge
The cost of good fortune: When positive life events produce negative health consequences
Personal involvement and the evaluation of group products
This research examined favouritism in group product evaluations as a function of personal involvement. After being divided into groups on an arbitrary basis, subjects worked at a group brainstorming task. Some subjects then assessed the merits of their own group's product relative to that of an outgroup's product, whereas other subjects assessed the merits of an ingroup's product relative to that of an outgroup's product. In both conditions, a si…
Attributional mediators of evaluation, expectancy, and affect: A response time analysis
Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Many prominent theorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive selfevaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism are characteristic of normal human thought. Moreover, these illusions appear to promote other criteria of mental health, including the ability to care about othe…
Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fact from fiction
In 1988, we published an article that challenged the notion that accurate perceptions of self and the world are essential for mental health (Taylor & Brown, 1988). We argued instead that people's perceptions in these domains are positively biased and that these positive illusions promote psychological well-being. In the current article, we review our theoretical model, correct certain misconceptions in its empirical application, and address the c…
When Gulliver travels: Social context, psychological closeness, and self-appraisals
Four studies examined how the characteristics of others affect people's self-appraisals. Ss viewed photographs of physically attractive or unattractive targets, then rated their own attractiveness. Study 1 found evidence for a contrast effect: Ss'self-appraisals were more favorable after viewing an unattractive same-sex target than after viewing an attractive same-sex target. Study 2 manipulated psychological closeness by varying the degree to wh…
The thrill of victory, the complexity of defeat: Self-esteem and people's emotional reactions to success and failure
Low self-esteem people are assumed to have more severe emotional reactions to failure than are high self-esteem people, but this assumption has not received consistent empirical support. In this article the authors report 2 investigations that found that self-esteem differences of this sort emerge for emotions that directly implicate the self (e.g., pride, humiliation) but not for emotions that do not directly implicate the self (e.g., happiness,…
Self-esteem and direct versus indirect forms of self-enhancement
Two studies explored the relation between self-esteem and self-enhancement biases. It was proposed that people with high self-esteem engage in forms of self-enhancement in which the self is directly linked to positive identities and outcomes, whereas people with low self-esteem engage in forms of self-enhancement in which the self is indirectly linked to positive identities and outcomes. To test the hypothesis, we examined group favoritism as a f…
Coming to terms with failure: Private self-enhancement and public self-effacement
A prospective study of stressful circumstances, illness symptoms, and depressed mood among adolescents
Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge
Self-Esteem and Self-Enhancement in Japan and America
Although the self-enhancement motive is commonly held to be a universal human motivation, some theorists have recently argued that it does not operate in Japan. In an attempt to shed light on this issue, the authors conducted an investigation that explored the relation between self-esteem and self-enhancement in Japan and America. In both cultures and to the same degree, high self-esteem people were more apt to display evidence of self-enhancemen…
Global self-esteem and specific self-views as determinants of people's reactions to success and failure
A critical question in self-esteem research is whether people's reactions to success and failure are guided by their global self-esteem level or by their more specific beliefs about their abilities and attributes. To address this issue, the authors led participants to experience success or failure on an alleged test and then assessed their cognitive and emotional reactions to these outcomes. In Experiment 1, specific self-views predicted particip…
Self-esteem, mood, and self-evaluation: Changes in mood and the way you see you
Three studies found that self-esteem moderates the relation between mood and self-evaluation. In Study 1, a standard mood-induction procedure was used to induce positive, negative, or neutral moods in low self-esteem (LSE) Ss and high self-esteem Ss. Afterward, Ss evaluated their specific qualities and characteristics (e.g., How smart are you? How kind are you?). Both self-esteem groups evaluated themselves favorably in a positive mood, but LSE S…
Do people with low self-esteem really want to feel better? Self-esteem differences in motivation to repair negative moods
This research examined the hypothesis that people with low self-esteem (LSE) are less motivated than people with high self-esteem (HSE) to repair their negative moods. In Study 1, participants completed diaries in response to either a success or a failure in their everyday lives. Participants described what they intended to do next and the reasons behind those plans. After failure, fewer LSE than HSE participants expressed a goal to improve their…
The self and social conduct: Linking self-representations to prosocial behavior
Two studies examined how situational variables and personal factors affect peoples ' immediate representations of self and how, once activated, these representations guide behavior. In Study 1, Ss with high self-esteem (HSE) and Ss with low self-esteem (LSE) first experienced success or failure at an alleged test of their intellectual ability. Subsequently, they rated themselves on a series of trait adjectives: Half of the items referred to socia…
Gender Differences in Language Acculturation Predict Marital Satisfaction: A Dyadic Analysis of Russian-Speaking Immigrant Couples in the United States
Immigration is a major life event that can create marital distress in couples who migrate together (Min, 2001 ). One instigator of this distress is differences in the rates of acculturation between husbands and wives (Chun and Akutsu, 2003 ; Darvishpour, 2002). Previous qualitative research (Ben-David and Lavee 1994) found that amongst Russian immigrant couples in Israel, marital discord resulted when wives acculturated faster to the host culture…
Affect and the processing of personal information: Evidence for mood-activated self-schemata
Cultural Similarities in Self-Esteem Functioning: East is East and West is West, But Sometimes the Twain do Meet
East Asians report lower levels of self-esteem than North Americans and Western Europeans. These differences could mean that self-esteem is a culturally bounded construct, experienced differently in different cultures, or they could mean that self-esteem is a universally relevant construct whose average level is raised or lowered in different cultures. To examine these possibilities, the authors assessed self-esteem functioning in China and Ameri…
The Self-Enhancement Motive in Collectivistic Cultures: The Rumors of My Death have been Greatly Exaggerated
Self-enhancement biases are generally weaker or absent in collectivistic cultures than they are in independent ones. The source of this effect has been the topic of debate. Some claim the self-enhancement motive is absent in collectivistic cultures, whereas others claim that collectivistic cultures discourage the motive's expression. The majority of the articles in this special issue provides greater support for the latter explanation than for th…
Attributions for negative life events and depression: The role of perceived control
Although perceptions of control occupied a central role in the development of learned helplessness theory, recent helplessness research has not considered controllability judgments when relating attributions to depression. Supporting the importance of this construct, the research discussed in this article found evidence that judgments of control interact with other attributions in predicting depression. Specifically, in a prospective study of str…
Seeking self-evaulative feedback: The interactive role of global self-esteem and specific self-views
The cost of good fortune: When positive life events produce negative health consequences
Self-Esteem and Trait Importance Moderate Cultural Differences in Self-Evaluations
It is widely assumed that East Asians evaluate themselves less positively than do Westerners, but this assumption lacks consistent support. In this report, the authors provide evidence that cultural differences in self-evaluations are moderated by two factors: trait importance and self-esteem. American and Chinese college students completed a self-esteem scale and then evaluated themselves on traits that varied in their cultural importance. Cultu…
Staying fit and staying well: Physical fitness as a moderator of life stress
Previous research suggests that physical fitness moderates the adverse effects of stressful life events. However, a reliance on self-reports of fitness and health may limit the validity of prior investigations. The present research tested the stress-buffering effect of fitness with subjective and objective indicators of exercise, fitness, and physical well-being. For self-reports of health, both self-reports of exercise and objective measures of …
Self-reflection and feelings of self-worth: When Rosenberg meets Heisenberg
Evaluations of Self and Others: Self-Enhancement Biases in Social Judgments
Three investigations are reported that examined the relation between self-appraisals and appraisals of others. In Experiment 1, subjects rated a series of valenced trait adjectives according to how well the traits described the self and others. Individuals displayed a pronounced “self-other bias,” such that positive attributes were rated as more descriptive of self than of others, whereas negative attributes were rated as less descriptive of self…
Affect and the processing of personal information: Evidence for mood-activated self-schemata
Personal involvement and the evaluation of group products
This research examined favouritism in group product evaluations as a function of personal involvement. After being divided into groups on an arbitrary basis, subjects worked at a group brainstorming task. Some subjects then assessed the merits of their own group's product relative to that of an outgroup's product, whereas other subjects assessed the merits of an ingroup's product relative to that of an outgroup's product. In both conditions, a si…
Attributional mediators of evaluation, expectancy, and affect: A response time analysis
A prospective study of stressful circumstances, illness symptoms, and depressed mood among adolescents
Self-esteem and direct versus indirect forms of self-enhancement
Two studies explored the relation between self-esteem and self-enhancement biases. It was proposed that people with high self-esteem engage in forms of self-enhancement in which the self is directly linked to positive identities and outcomes, whereas people with low self-esteem engage in forms of self-enhancement in which the self is indirectly linked to positive identities and outcomes. To test the hypothesis, we examined group favoritism as a f…
Attributions for negative life events and depression: The role of perceived control
Although perceptions of control occupied a central role in the development of learned helplessness theory, recent helplessness research has not considered controllability judgments when relating attributions to depression. Supporting the importance of this construct, the research discussed in this article found evidence that judgments of control interact with other attributions in predicting depression. Specifically, in a prospective study of str…
Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Many prominent theorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive selfevaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism are characteristic of normal human thought. Moreover, these illusions appear to promote other criteria of mental health, including the ability to care about othe…
The cost of good fortune: When positive life events produce negative health consequences
Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge
The self and social conduct: Linking self-representations to prosocial behavior
Two studies examined how situational variables and personal factors affect peoples ' immediate representations of self and how, once activated, these representations guide behavior. In Study 1, Ss with high self-esteem (HSE) and Ss with low self-esteem (LSE) first experienced success or failure at an alleged test of their intellectual ability. Subsequently, they rated themselves on a series of trait adjectives: Half of the items referred to socia…
Staying fit and staying well: Physical fitness as a moderator of life stress
Previous research suggests that physical fitness moderates the adverse effects of stressful life events. However, a reliance on self-reports of fitness and health may limit the validity of prior investigations. The present research tested the stress-buffering effect of fitness with subjective and objective indicators of exercise, fitness, and physical well-being. For self-reports of health, both self-reports of exercise and objective measures of …
Coming to terms with failure: Private self-enhancement and public self-effacement
When Gulliver travels: Social context, psychological closeness, and self-appraisals
Four studies examined how the characteristics of others affect people's self-appraisals. Ss viewed photographs of physically attractive or unattractive targets, then rated their own attractiveness. Study 1 found evidence for a contrast effect: Ss'self-appraisals were more favorable after viewing an unattractive same-sex target than after viewing an attractive same-sex target. Study 2 manipulated psychological closeness by varying the degree to wh…
Self-esteem, mood, and self-evaluation: Changes in mood and the way you see you
Three studies found that self-esteem moderates the relation between mood and self-evaluation. In Study 1, a standard mood-induction procedure was used to induce positive, negative, or neutral moods in low self-esteem (LSE) Ss and high self-esteem Ss. Afterward, Ss evaluated their specific qualities and characteristics (e.g., How smart are you? How kind are you?). Both self-esteem groups evaluated themselves favorably in a positive mood, but LSE S…
Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fact from fiction
In 1988, we published an article that challenged the notion that accurate perceptions of self and the world are essential for mental health (Taylor & Brown, 1988). We argued instead that people's perceptions in these domains are positively biased and that these positive illusions promote psychological well-being. In the current article, we review our theoretical model, correct certain misconceptions in its empirical application, and address the c…
The thrill of victory, the complexity of defeat: Self-esteem and people's emotional reactions to success and failure
Low self-esteem people are assumed to have more severe emotional reactions to failure than are high self-esteem people, but this assumption has not received consistent empirical support. In this article the authors report 2 investigations that found that self-esteem differences of this sort emerge for emotions that directly implicate the self (e.g., pride, humiliation) but not for emotions that do not directly implicate the self (e.g., happiness,…
Global self-esteem and specific self-views as determinants of people's reactions to success and failure
A critical question in self-esteem research is whether people's reactions to success and failure are guided by their global self-esteem level or by their more specific beliefs about their abilities and attributes. To address this issue, the authors led participants to experience success or failure on an alleged test and then assessed their cognitive and emotional reactions to these outcomes. In Experiment 1, specific self-views predicted particip…
Developing Prototypic Measures of Cross-Cultural Pragmatics
The relative importance of persons, items, subtests and languages to Toefl test variance
Do people with low self-esteem really want to feel better? Self-esteem differences in motivation to repair negative moods
This research examined the hypothesis that people with low self-esteem (LSE) are less motivated than people with high self-esteem (HSE) to repair their negative moods. In Study 1, participants completed diaries in response to either a success or a failure in their everyday lives. Participants described what they intended to do next and the reasons behind those plans. After failure, fewer LSE than HSE participants expressed a goal to improve their…
Seeking self-evaulative feedback: The interactive role of global self-esteem and specific self-views
The Self-Enhancement Motive in Collectivistic Cultures: The Rumors of My Death have been Greatly Exaggerated
Self-enhancement biases are generally weaker or absent in collectivistic cultures than they are in independent ones. The source of this effect has been the topic of debate. Some claim the self-enhancement motive is absent in collectivistic cultures, whereas others claim that collectivistic cultures discourage the motive's expression. The majority of the articles in this special issue provides greater support for the latter explanation than for th…
Self-Esteem and Self-Enhancement in Japan and America
Although the self-enhancement motive is commonly held to be a universal human motivation, some theorists have recently argued that it does not operate in Japan. In an attempt to shed light on this issue, the authors conducted an investigation that explored the relation between self-esteem and self-enhancement in Japan and America. In both cultures and to the same degree, high self-esteem people were more apt to display evidence of self-enhancemen…
Cultural Similarities in Self-Esteem Functioning: East is East and West is West, But Sometimes the Twain do Meet
East Asians report lower levels of self-esteem than North Americans and Western Europeans. These differences could mean that self-esteem is a culturally bounded construct, experienced differently in different cultures, or they could mean that self-esteem is a universally relevant construct whose average level is raised or lowered in different cultures. To examine these possibilities, the authors assessed self-esteem functioning in China and Ameri…
Psychology (30 works) · Social Psychology (27 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (15 works) · Self-esteem (13 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (11 works) · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction (10 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (9 works) · Self-enhancement (9 works)