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Earl X Freed

Biographic Data

ID6975047
NAMEEarl X Freed
GIVEN NAMESEarl X
FAMILY NAMEFreed
SIGNATUREFREED E X
AFFILIATIONSAlcohol Research Laboratory, V. A. Hospital, Lyons, New Jersey
VERIFIEDNo
TOTAL WORKS12
TOTAL CITATIONS0
AUTHOR COUNT12
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1964
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR1974
H-INDEX0
  • Effects of Response-Independent Electric Shock on Schedule-Induced Alcohol and Water Intake

    Open Access•Earl X Freed, Norman Hymowitz et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1974

    In 3 experiments, food-deprived rats either lever-pressing for intermittent food pellets or obtaining them on free-fixed interval schedules displayed schedule-induced water and alcohol polydipsia. Concurrent response-independent electric shock attenuated water intake, shock intensities producing reductions in polydipsic water consumption had little effect upon alcohol intake, but shocks of sufficient intensity did attenuate post-pellet alcohol dr…

  • Alcohol and Conflict; The Role of Self-Intoxication in a Punishment Discrimination by Rats

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1972

    Alcohol had no effect on appetitive or approach behavior in rats and did not reduce conflict after the initial shock experience. Alcohol-treated rats pressed the bar less efficiently because alcohol impaired discrimination

  • Alcohol and Conflict; Role of Drug-Dependent Learning in the Rat

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1971

    In alcohol- and water-treated rats which received an electric shock after running down an alley to press a bar for food, alcohol did not influence approach measures, but significantly affected the development of conflict. Groups whose fluid was switched failed to transfer learning, suggesting a drug-dependent effect

  • Effects of Conflict upon Schedule-Induced Consumption of Water and Alcohol

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1971

    Schedule-induced polydipsic consumption of water and ethanol was conditioned in two groups of 6 Charles River rats which were then exposed to approach-avoidance (food-shock) conflict. Water intake was attenuated by conflict but ethanol consumption remained essentially unaltered. Alcohol's pharmacodynamic effect was implicated as responsible for differences in fluid consumption by the two groups

  • Alcoholism and Manic-Depressive Disorders; Some Perspectives

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1970

  • Alcohol Abuse by Manic Patients

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1969

  • Effect of Self-Intoxication upon Approach–Avoidance Conflict in the Rat

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1968

  • Effect of Alcohol on Conflict Behaviors

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1968

    40 Charles River (cd) rats were trained to run down a 15-ft. alley and bar press for food in a 2 × 2 analysis of variance design with alcohol and control treatments and two conflict-producing methodologies. In Exp. 1, conflict was induced by shocking S when it bar pressed; in Exp. II, when S touched the food dish. After approach-avoidance conflict was established, half the Ss in each experiment were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0 cc/100 gm. …

  • Interpersonal Values of Hospitalized Alcoholic Psychiatric Patients

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1968

    Value structures of 39 hospitalized psychiatric patients manifesting alcoholism were compared with those of 29 hospitalized psychiatric patients without alcoholism on the Survey of Interpersonal Values. Both groups, perhaps because of their institutionalization, had their highest scores on a scale probing “Conformity.” The alcoholic group had significantly low scores on “Leadership” which was indicative of not placing value on power, authority, a…

  • The Effect of Alcohol upon Approach-Avoidance Conflict in the White Rat

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1967

    Effects of hunger, shock and alcohol on approach-avoidance conflict were studied in 80 Charles River (cd) male rats, 6 weeks old, weighing 150 to 200 g at the start of the experiment. The subjects were trained to run for food in a 15-foot straight runway and were later shocked at the food dish to induce the conflict. An analysis of variance design was employed with high and low hunger (weight reduction 70 to 80% and 95 to 100% of free-feeding wei…

  • Ethnic Identification of Hospitalized Jewish Psychiatric Patients

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•International Journal of Social…•1965

  • Opinions of Psychiatric Hospital Personnel and College Students toward Alcoholism, Mental Illness, and Physical Disability

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1964

    This exploratory study investigated the attitudes of 303 college students and 521 psychiatric hospital staff members toward alcoholism, mental illness, and physical disability. The Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Scale was adapted to yield two additional scales probing alcoholism and mental illness. Statistically significant differences were not found between the mean scores of the college students and the hospital personnel on the scales. Both …

No prominent works on this page.

  • Opinions of Psychiatric Hospital Personnel and College Students toward Alcoholism, Mental Illness, and Physical Disability

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1964

    This exploratory study investigated the attitudes of 303 college students and 521 psychiatric hospital staff members toward alcoholism, mental illness, and physical disability. The Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Scale was adapted to yield two additional scales probing alcoholism and mental illness. Statistically significant differences were not found between the mean scores of the college students and the hospital personnel on the scales. Both …

  • Ethnic Identification of Hospitalized Jewish Psychiatric Patients

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•International Journal of Social…•1965

  • The Effect of Alcohol upon Approach-Avoidance Conflict in the White Rat

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1967

    Effects of hunger, shock and alcohol on approach-avoidance conflict were studied in 80 Charles River (cd) male rats, 6 weeks old, weighing 150 to 200 g at the start of the experiment. The subjects were trained to run for food in a 15-foot straight runway and were later shocked at the food dish to induce the conflict. An analysis of variance design was employed with high and low hunger (weight reduction 70 to 80% and 95 to 100% of free-feeding wei…

  • Effect of Self-Intoxication upon Approach–Avoidance Conflict in the Rat

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1968

  • Effect of Alcohol on Conflict Behaviors

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1968

    40 Charles River (cd) rats were trained to run down a 15-ft. alley and bar press for food in a 2 × 2 analysis of variance design with alcohol and control treatments and two conflict-producing methodologies. In Exp. 1, conflict was induced by shocking S when it bar pressed; in Exp. II, when S touched the food dish. After approach-avoidance conflict was established, half the Ss in each experiment were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0 cc/100 gm. …

  • Interpersonal Values of Hospitalized Alcoholic Psychiatric Patients

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1968

    Value structures of 39 hospitalized psychiatric patients manifesting alcoholism were compared with those of 29 hospitalized psychiatric patients without alcoholism on the Survey of Interpersonal Values. Both groups, perhaps because of their institutionalization, had their highest scores on a scale probing “Conformity.” The alcoholic group had significantly low scores on “Leadership” which was indicative of not placing value on power, authority, a…

  • Alcohol Abuse by Manic Patients

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1969

  • Alcoholism and Manic-Depressive Disorders; Some Perspectives

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1970

  • Alcohol and Conflict; Role of Drug-Dependent Learning in the Rat

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1971

    In alcohol- and water-treated rats which received an electric shock after running down an alley to press a bar for food, alcohol did not influence approach measures, but significantly affected the development of conflict. Groups whose fluid was switched failed to transfer learning, suggesting a drug-dependent effect

  • Effects of Conflict upon Schedule-Induced Consumption of Water and Alcohol

    Open Access•Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1971

    Schedule-induced polydipsic consumption of water and ethanol was conditioned in two groups of 6 Charles River rats which were then exposed to approach-avoidance (food-shock) conflict. Water intake was attenuated by conflict but ethanol consumption remained essentially unaltered. Alcohol's pharmacodynamic effect was implicated as responsible for differences in fluid consumption by the two groups

  • Alcohol and Conflict; The Role of Self-Intoxication in a Punishment Discrimination by Rats

    Earl X Freed•ARTICLE•Quarterly Journal of Studies on…•1972

    Alcohol had no effect on appetitive or approach behavior in rats and did not reduce conflict after the initial shock experience. Alcohol-treated rats pressed the bar less efficiently because alcohol impaired discrimination

  • Effects of Response-Independent Electric Shock on Schedule-Induced Alcohol and Water Intake

    Open Access•Earl X Freed, Norman Hymowitz et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1974

    In 3 experiments, food-deprived rats either lever-pressing for intermittent food pellets or obtaining them on free-fixed interval schedules displayed schedule-induced water and alcohol polydipsia. Concurrent response-independent electric shock attenuated water intake, shock intensities producing reductions in polydipsic water consumption had little effect upon alcohol intake, but shocks of sufficient intensity did attenuate post-pellet alcohol dr…

Psychology (12 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Alcohol (5 works) · Biochemistry (5 works) · Biochemistry (5 works) · Medical emergency (5 works) · Psychiatry (5 works) · Chemistry (4 works) · Clinical Psychology (4 works) · Internal Medicine (4 works)

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