Alfred Master
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 698444 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Alfred Master |
| NOMBRES | Alfred |
| APELLIDO | Master |
| FIRMA | MASTER A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Houston |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6708-6353 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 65 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1938 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
“I Felt Like I Completely Belonged in That Class”
Latent profile analysis of adolescents’ gender stereotypes and self-perceptions in math
Testing the impact of two afterschool museum outreach interventions on elementary children’s STEM outcomes
Introduction This randomized control trial (RCT) evaluated an afterschool program with 24 weeks of hands-on science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) activities that were developed and delivered by museum educators at sites where the majority of students experienced poverty. The program also encouraged parent involvement in STEM-related activities. Methods We contrasted two treatment approaches to understand conditions that best support in…
Causes and consequences of stereotypes
Motivating girls to enroll in computer science (CS) courses is critically important. Stereotypes that girls are less interested than boys in CS may deter girls. Three preregistered experimental studies (N = 1,053) examined causal links between gender-interest stereotypes and middle school students’ CS motivation. Experiment 1 showed that stereotypes reduced girls’ motivation to enroll, mediated by a lower sense of belonging. Experiment 2 showed t…
Longitudinal stability and change across a year in children’s gender stereotypes about four different STEM fields
Gender stereotypes about science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) are salient for children and adolescents and contribute to achievement-related disparities and inequalities in STEM participation. However, few studies have used a longitudinal design to examine changes in gender stereotypes across a range of STEM fields. In a large, preregistered study, we examined the developmental trajectories of two gender stereotypes (involving intere…
Achievement emotions predict transfer student academic success
Transfer students comprise half of all undergraduate students, yet their educational experiences may differ in meaningful ways from those of traditional students. Importantly, the transfer student population is diverse and not monolithic. Achievement emotions, which occur in an iterative pattern with past experiences informing current and future emotions, are particularly understudied within the transfer population. This survey study ( N = 721) e…
Gender equity and motivational readiness for computational thinking in early childhood
Learning coding during early childhood is an effective way for children to practice computational thinking. Aspects of children's motivation can increase the likelihood that children approach computational thinking activities with enthusiasm and deep engagement. Gender inequities may interfere with children's readiness to take advantage of opportunities to build computational thinking skills through activities such as coding. Societal stereotypes…
Gender stereotypes about interests start early and cause gender disparities in computer science and engineering
Significance Societal stereotypes that girls are less interested than boys in computer science and engineering are endorsed by children and adolescents in a large and socioeconomically diverse sample, across multiple racial/ethnic and gender intersections, and as early as age six (first grade). Gender-interest stereotypes may contribute to subsequent gender disparities in the pursuit of these societally important fields. Addressing interest stere…
Targeted identity-safety interventions cause lasting reductions in discipline citations among negatively stereotyped boys
High rates of discipline citations predict adverse life outcomes, a harm disproportionately borne by Black and Latino boys. We hypothesized that these citations arise in part from negative cycles of interaction between students and teachers, which unfold in contexts of social stereotypes. Can targeted interventions to facilitate identity safety-a sense of belonging, inclusion, and growth-for students help? Experiment 1 combined social-belonging, …
Programming experience promotes higher STEM motivation among first-grade girls
Social group membership increases STEM engagement among preschoolers
The American educational system currently yields disappointing levels of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) engagement and achievement among students. One way to remedy this may be to increase children's motivation in STEM from an early age. This study examined whether a social cue-being part of an experimental "minimal group"-increases STEM engagement in preschoolers (N = 141; 4.5-year-olds). Using a within-subjects design, partic…
Computing whether she belongs
Computer science has one of the largest gender disparities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. An important reason for this disparity is that girls are less likely than boys to enroll in necessary “pipeline courses,” such as introductory computer science. Two experiments investigated whether high-school girls’ lower interest than boys in enrolling in computer science courses is influenced by stereotypes of the field. We further …
Cultural stereotypes as gatekeepers
Despite having made significant inroads into many traditionally male-dominated fields (e.g., biology, chemistry), women continue to be underrepresented in computer science and engineering. We propose that students’ stereotypes about the culture of these fields—including the kind of people, the work involved, and the values of the field—steer girls away from choosing to enter these fields. Computer science and engineering are stereotyped in modern…
Breaking the cycle of mistrust
Three double-blind randomized field experiments examined the effects of a strategy to restore trust on minority adolescents' responses to critical feedback. In Studies 1 and 2, 7th-grade students received critical feedback from their teacher that, in the treatment condition, was designed to assuage mistrust by emphasizing the teacher's high standards and belief that the student was capable of meeting those standards--a strategy known as wise feed…
Academic and emotional functioning in middle school
Adolescents face many academic and emotional challenges in middle school, but notable differences are evident in how well they adapt. What predicts adolescents' academic and emotional outcomes during this period? One important factor might be adolescents' implicit theories about whether intelligence and emotions can change. The current study examines how these theories affect academic and emotional outcomes. One hundred fifteen students completed…
A Grammar of Old Marathi
Indo-Aryan (From the Vedas to Modern Times)
Some Marathi Inscriptions, A. D. 1060–1300
When Jules Bloch wrote his pioneer work La formation de la langue marathe 40 years ago, there were fewer specimens of early Marathi literature available than to-day. The Bhavārtha-dīpikā of Jñānadeva (A.D. 1296) was well-known, but R. G. Panse–s index of words contained in that work was not to appear until 1953 in his Linguistic peculiarities of Jñāneśvarī . The works of Mukundarāja (c. 1190) had often been published, but had undergone modernizat…
Jones and Pāṇini
Catalogue of the Gujarati & Rajasthani Manuscripts in the India Office Library
The Nalarāyadavadantīcarita (Adventures of King Nala and Davadantī), a work in Old Gujarātī
Sūrat and Soraṭh
From the beginning of Indian studies in Europe Sūrat and Soraṭhh have been constantly confused. Denison Ross continues this confusion ( Arabic History of Gujarat , vol. i, p. x): Surat is spelt indifferently and although the two places are distinguished in the index and in chapter 13, CHI, vol. iii. Elliott and Dowson ( History of India told by its own historians , v, 350, n. 4) distinguish the places, but derive both names from the Sanskrit Saur…
Gleanings from the Kuvalayamālā Kahā-II
Section 1. GeneralUntil the publication in the Gaekwar's Oriental Series XXXVII of the Apabhramśakvyatrayi (AKT) (edited with Sanskrit Introduction, Notes, and Appendices by the Jain pandit Lalchandra B. Gandhi) in 1927, the existence of prose Apabhramśa was unknown. This work, however, able though it is, is not much utilized or even consulted, and the extracts from the Kuvalayamālā Kahā, which he uses as illustrations, have never been discussed …
Gleanings from the Kuvalayamālā Kaha I
1A Short account of the Kuvalayamālā was given in "An Unpublished Fragment of Paiśācī", BSOAS., xii, p. 659 foil. It is dated A.D. 778 and is known from two MSS.-J dated A.D. 1083 and P undated, of which P 2 is a copy. The bulk of the work is written in Pāyaya-bhāsā, i.e. Jaina Maharastri. Other styles are used, one of which is Avabbhamsa, which Uddyotana, the author, describes as Sakkaya-Pāy'ubhaya-suddh'āsuddha-paya-samataramgaramgamta vaggiram…
An Unpublished Fragment of Paiśācī
Most of the available specimens of Paiśācī are recorded in Lacote′s Essai sur Gunādhya et la Brhaikathā, pp. 201 f., and in my article " The Mysterious Paiśācī", JRAS., 1943, 217 f. They comprise about a hundred words. I am now able, by the courtesy of Muni Punyavijayajī of the Svetambara Jaina Dharmasala, Baroda, who has sent me photostats of an early MS., to publish the longest extract extant in Paisaci from an unpublished portion of the Kuvala…
Cultural stereotypes as gatekeepers
Despite having made significant inroads into many traditionally male-dominated fields (e.g., biology, chemistry), women continue to be underrepresented in computer science and engineering. We propose that students’ stereotypes about the culture of these fields—including the kind of people, the work involved, and the values of the field—steer girls away from choosing to enter these fields. Computer science and engineering are stereotyped in modern…
Targeted identity-safety interventions cause lasting reductions in discipline citations among negatively stereotyped boys
High rates of discipline citations predict adverse life outcomes, a harm disproportionately borne by Black and Latino boys. We hypothesized that these citations arise in part from negative cycles of interaction between students and teachers, which unfold in contexts of social stereotypes. Can targeted interventions to facilitate identity safety-a sense of belonging, inclusion, and growth-for students help? Experiment 1 combined social-belonging, …
Social group membership increases STEM engagement among preschoolers
The American educational system currently yields disappointing levels of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) engagement and achievement among students. One way to remedy this may be to increase children's motivation in STEM from an early age. This study examined whether a social cue-being part of an experimental "minimal group"-increases STEM engagement in preschoolers (N = 141; 4.5-year-olds). Using a within-subjects design, partic…
An Unpublished Fragment of Paiśācī
Most of the available specimens of Paiśācī are recorded in Lacote′s Essai sur Gunādhya et la Brhaikathā, pp. 201 f., and in my article " The Mysterious Paiśācī", JRAS., 1943, 217 f. They comprise about a hundred words. I am now able, by the courtesy of Muni Punyavijayajī of the Svetambara Jaina Dharmasala, Baroda, who has sent me photostats of an early MS., to publish the longest extract extant in Paisaci from an unpublished portion of the Kuvala…
Indo-Aryan and Dravidian
A. A. Macdonell in his commentary on RV. IV. 50.5 (Vedic Reader for Students) remarks: "The exact meaning ... does not clearly appear from its four occurrences; but it must have a sense closely allied to receptacle-in three passages it is spoken of as being rent or pierced, and twice is associated with Valá; and in the Naighaṇṭuka it is given as a synonym of megha cloud." Grassmann (Wörterbuch) similarly translates as Behälter, Wolke. The four pa…
The Mysterious Paiśācī”
The only Pai. quotation connected directly with the Bṛh. is given by Mārkaṇḍeya (seventeenth century): Bṛhatkathāyām kupaci pisāḷam (Grierson, EPG. , 134). Keith, HSL. , p. 269, observes, “We really cannot be sure that we have a single relic of the Bṝhatkathā, still less that so late a grammarian as Mārkaṇḍeya actually had the text before him.” Pisālaṃ, moreover, is a neo-Indian form, which normally would not occur before the twelfth century, for…
A Numismatic Contribution to Middle Indian Phonology
In the year 1906 a hoard of about 10,000 coins marked with the names of Nahapāna and Śatakarṇī was found in the village of Joghaltembhi, Nāsik district, Bombay Presidency, and was described by the Rev. H. R. Scott in the JBBRAS., vol. xxii, art. xvi,pp. 223 foll.Nahapāna is the earliest kṣatrapa known in Western India. Inscriptions in Prakrit referring to him as the ruler have been found in the Nāsik and J.unnar caves. From them it appears that h…
The Order of Succession of the Six Pallava Kings Preceding Mahendravarman I
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Koli or Dhārālo, etc
IN Marathi the word Kolī has two meanings:- (1) The name of a caste or tribe or a member of it. (2) Spider. Dr. Bloch in the etymological vocabulary appended to his book, La formation de la langue marathe, appears to identify the two meanings through the medium of a third meaning " weaver " found in other Neo-Indian languages; and derives them all from the Skr. Kaula, Kaulika-. Dr. Turner, in his Gujarati Phonology, also considers Kaulika- to be …
Intervocalic Plosives in Early Tamil
In in 1914 M.Bloch published an article upon the intervocalic consonants Tamil in Mémoires de la Société de IAnguistique de Paris. It was published in an English translation in the Indian Antiquary, vol. 48, p. 191. He came to the conclusion based upon a passage from Kumārila Bhatta that before the Christian era Tamil possessed voiced plosives in initial, medial, and, presumably, final position, but that during a period, say from 100 A.C. to 1200…
Note on List of Tod MSS. No. 114
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The Nanda Couplet
The Nanda couplet occurs in the Legend of Sthūlabhadra, which relates to the time of the Nine Nandas, who preceded Candragupta the Maurya. This Legend is recounted by Hemacandra in his Sthavirāvalī Carita, and Jacobi has made a full English abstract of it in his Bibl. Ind. edition of the work (p. 50 foll.). L. Alsdorf has given an account of this Legend in German (Kumārapāla Pratibodha, p. 19 foll.) to accompany the Apabhraṃśa version of his text…
Some English Loan-words in Gujarati
The following loan-words are taken from two newspapers, the Kheḍā vartamān of 5th December, 1928, and the Gujarat Times of 1st January, 1929.The editors are both Hindus and the readers were for the most part Hindu also. The newspapers contain only a few words in English characters, perhaps eight or nine in each number. The proportion of English loan-words to the total may be about 2 per cent, but this is inevitably only a rough estimate.The words…
The Mysterious Paiśācī”
Konow's “The Home of Paiśācī” (24 pages) was printed in ZDMG. , 1910, and Grierson's reply (38 pages) in ZDMG. , 1912. Konow concluded that “the Paiśācī described by Prakrit grammarians was based upon a dialect spoken in and about the Vindhyas, and perhaps further to the south and east” (p. 118). Grierson believed that “the home in India of the Piśācas was in the North-West of India, where these (the ‘modern Piśāca’) languages are spoken, and tha…
The Mysterious Paiśācī”
The only Pai. quotation connected directly with the Bṛh. is given by Mārkaṇḍeya (seventeenth century): Bṛhatkathāyām kupaci pisāḷam (Grierson, EPG. , 134). Keith, HSL. , p. 269, observes, “We really cannot be sure that we have a single relic of the Bṝhatkathā, still less that so late a grammarian as Mārkaṇḍeya actually had the text before him.” Pisālaṃ, moreover, is a neo-Indian form, which normally would not occur before the twelfth century, for…
Indo-Aryan and Dravidian
A. A. Macdonell in his commentary on RV. IV. 50.5 (Vedic Reader for Students) remarks: "The exact meaning ... does not clearly appear from its four occurrences; but it must have a sense closely allied to receptacle-in three passages it is spoken of as being rent or pierced, and twice is associated with Valá; and in the Naighaṇṭuka it is given as a synonym of megha cloud." Grassmann (Wörterbuch) similarly translates as Behälter, Wolke. The four pa…
The Influence of Sir William Jones upon Sanskrit Studies
The advancement of learning is learning is chiefly made in these three ways-by pure research, by applied research, and by interesting the general public in the results achieved. The last item is not the least important, although scientists, especially those engaged in pure research, are apt to discount and even to ignore it. In any event it is essential to publish the fruits of research among fellow-scientists for criticism, appraisement, and dev…
An Unpublished Fragment of Paiśācī
Most of the available specimens of Paiśācī are recorded in Lacote′s Essai sur Gunādhya et la Brhaikathā, pp. 201 f., and in my article " The Mysterious Paiśācī", JRAS., 1943, 217 f. They comprise about a hundred words. I am now able, by the courtesy of Muni Punyavijayajī of the Svetambara Jaina Dharmasala, Baroda, who has sent me photostats of an early MS., to publish the longest extract extant in Paisaci from an unpublished portion of the Kuvala…
Indo-Aryan and Dravidian III
In Telugu, unlike any other Dravidian language except Kui-Kuvi, there is a very numerous class of words of native origin, beginning with a consonant group of which the second element is r, e.g. krovvu, trādu, prōlu, mrānu, vrāyu, sraggu. These are all common words of some antiquity and most of them have doublets in which the r has been dropped, as in kovvu, in accordance with the Common Dravidian tendency to avoid initial consonant groups, which …
Gleanings from the Kuvalayamālā Kaha I
1A Short account of the Kuvalayamālā was given in "An Unpublished Fragment of Paiśācī", BSOAS., xii, p. 659 foil. It is dated A.D. 778 and is known from two MSS.-J dated A.D. 1083 and P undated, of which P 2 is a copy. The bulk of the work is written in Pāyaya-bhāsā, i.e. Jaina Maharastri. Other styles are used, one of which is Avabbhamsa, which Uddyotana, the author, describes as Sakkaya-Pāy'ubhaya-suddh'āsuddha-paya-samataramgaramgamta vaggiram…
Gleanings from the Kuvalayamālā Kahā-II
Section 1. GeneralUntil the publication in the Gaekwar's Oriental Series XXXVII of the Apabhramśakvyatrayi (AKT) (edited with Sanskrit Introduction, Notes, and Appendices by the Jain pandit Lalchandra B. Gandhi) in 1927, the existence of prose Apabhramśa was unknown. This work, however, able though it is, is not much utilized or even consulted, and the extracts from the Kuvalayamālā Kahā, which he uses as illustrations, have never been discussed …
Sūrat and Soraṭh
From the beginning of Indian studies in Europe Sūrat and Soraṭhh have been constantly confused. Denison Ross continues this confusion ( Arabic History of Gujarat , vol. i, p. x): Surat is spelt indifferently and although the two places are distinguished in the index and in chapter 13, CHI, vol. iii. Elliott and Dowson ( History of India told by its own historians , v, 350, n. 4) distinguish the places, but derive both names from the Sanskrit Saur…
The Nalarāyadavadantīcarita (Adventures of King Nala and Davadantī), a work in Old Gujarātī
Catalogue of the Gujarati & Rajasthani Manuscripts in the India Office Library
Jones and Pāṇini
Some Marathi Inscriptions, A. D. 1060–1300
When Jules Bloch wrote his pioneer work La formation de la langue marathe 40 years ago, there were fewer specimens of early Marathi literature available than to-day. The Bhavārtha-dīpikā of Jñānadeva (A.D. 1296) was well-known, but R. G. Panse–s index of words contained in that work was not to appear until 1953 in his Linguistic peculiarities of Jñāneśvarī . The works of Mukundarāja (c. 1190) had often been published, but had undergone modernizat…
Indo-Aryan (From the Vedas to Modern Times)
A Grammar of Old Marathi
Breaking the cycle of mistrust
Three double-blind randomized field experiments examined the effects of a strategy to restore trust on minority adolescents' responses to critical feedback. In Studies 1 and 2, 7th-grade students received critical feedback from their teacher that, in the treatment condition, was designed to assuage mistrust by emphasizing the teacher's high standards and belief that the student was capable of meeting those standards--a strategy known as wise feed…
Academic and emotional functioning in middle school
Adolescents face many academic and emotional challenges in middle school, but notable differences are evident in how well they adapt. What predicts adolescents' academic and emotional outcomes during this period? One important factor might be adolescents' implicit theories about whether intelligence and emotions can change. The current study examines how these theories affect academic and emotional outcomes. One hundred fifteen students completed…
Cultural stereotypes as gatekeepers
Despite having made significant inroads into many traditionally male-dominated fields (e.g., biology, chemistry), women continue to be underrepresented in computer science and engineering. We propose that students’ stereotypes about the culture of these fields—including the kind of people, the work involved, and the values of the field—steer girls away from choosing to enter these fields. Computer science and engineering are stereotyped in modern…
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