George A Grierson
Biographic Data
| ID | 698695 |
|---|---|
| NAME | George A Grierson |
| GIVEN NAMES | George A |
| FAMILY NAME | Grierson |
| SIGNATURE | GRIERSON G A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Siemens (United Kingdom) |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 109 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 109 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1884 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1933 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Hindustan and Hindostan
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Urdu ai, au
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Conjunct Consonants in Dardic
The correct affiliation of the Dardic languages is a subject regarding which different opinions have been expressed. Some scholars have described them as Eranian languages that have borrowed freely from Indo-Aryan. Others (and probably the most numerous) maintain that they are Indo-Aryan languages that have borrowed from Eranian, and a third (of which I am an unworthy member) suggests that they are neither of these, but that they are descended fr…
Linguistic Survey of India
LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF INDIA. Vol. I, Part I. 14 x 101, pp. xviii + 517 + 48. Edited by Sir GEORGE GRIERSON, O.M. Calcutta. (For abbreviations see footnote.) With Part I of this volume Sir George Grierson must feel that his work on the Survey is at an end, for Part II, a list of words, is in the Press, and Part III is to be by another hand. If it is the highest satisfaction to know that one has given pleasure to many people, Sir George Grierson and…
Lahndā and Lahndī
In the Linguistic Survey of India the language spoken in the Western Panjāb is called Lahndā. Previously it had, in India, not been recognized as any independent form of speech, the many local dialects there spoken-Mūltānī, Sirāikī, Hindkī, Jaṭkī, and so on-being looked upon merely as so many dialects of Panjābī. Panjābīs themselves had no general name for this group as a separate entity. When they wished to express that idea they employed a peri…
The Birth of Lorik
It has been my happy privilege to contribute a paper to the volume of Indian Studies lately published in honour of my old friend Professor Lanman. It was an English translation of the Indian legend of the Birth of Lōrik, and, in the following pages, I endeavour to complete the presentation by giving the original text on which that translation was founded. In the Province of Bihār, and in the United Provinces of Agra and Audh, the Gōwālās (Gōpālak…
Sita Forlorn, a Specimen of the Kashmiri Ramayana
DivÂkara PrakĀŚa BhaṬṬ is said to have been alive during the eight years of the reign of the Hindū king Sukhajīvana Siṁha, of Kashmīr, who came to the throne in A.D. 1786, and to have lived in the Gōjawar (Skt. Gulikāvāṭikā) quarter of the city of Srīnagar. He was the author of a Kāshmīrī version of the Rāmâyana, entitled the Rāmâvtāra-carita. This is a long epic poem of about 1800 verses in various metres, and is divided into two parts. The firs…
Dardic Intervocalic Consonants, D > L
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On the Old North-Western Prakrit
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Kashmiri Rost u and Sost u
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On the Adbhuta-Ramayana
Besides the well-known Vālmīki-rāmâyaṇa, three other Sanskrit poems entitled "Rāmâyaṇa" are current in northern India, and are highly esteemed. They are (1) the Yōga-vāsiṣṭha-mahārāmâyaṇa, (2) the Adhyātma-rāmâyaṇa, and (3) the Adbhuta-rāmâyaṇa. Of these the first and the last claim to have been composed by no less a person than Vālmīki himself; but the Adhyātma-rāmâyaṇa forms a section of the Brahmâṇḍa-purāṇa, and does not suggest any pretension…
On the Tirahi Language
Tirāhī is a Dardic language of which, till now, hardly anything has been known. Our only materials have been the contents of a short vocabulary compiled by Leech in the year 1838. According to him, its speakers once inhabited the Tirāh country, now the home of the Afrīdi Pathāns, and, in consequence of a feud breaking out between the Ōrakzāīs and the Afrīdīs, they left that tract and settled in the Ningrahār country in independent Af gh ānistān, …
Prakritica
According to the Prakrit Grammarians of the Western school, the Śaurasēnī-Mahārāṣtrī equivalent of Skr. ṣṭh is ṭṭh (Pischel, § 303), but the Māgadhī equivalent is sṭ (or, according to Namisādhu, śṭ ) (Hc. iv, 290 ; Pischel, § 303). Nevertheless, the Māgadhī equivalent of tiṣṭhati is ciṣṭhadi (Hc. iv, 298), as compared with the Śaurasēnī-Mahārāṣṭṛi ciṭṭha ( d ) i. I shall deal later on with the initial c. So much for the Western school
Once Again on Sina “ Cerebrals”
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On Sina Cerebrals
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On the Benares Pronunciation of the Sanskrit Visarga
In an article on the representation of tones in Oriental languages ( JRAS ., 1920, pp. 475 ft), I pointed out that the so-called Vedic accents were the same as the tones found in certain Indo-Chinese languages, the only difference being one of name. In this connexion I stated that the visarga corresponded to the Indo-Chinese glottal check—the “ entering tone ” of Southern Mandarin and other Chinese dialects
Mongoose”
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Tamil pāmbu , Sanskrit pāpa
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Report of Committee on Transliteration
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Spontaneous Nasalization in the Indo-Aryan Languages
Professor Turner, in his valuable articles on Gujarātī Phonology, refers to what he terms “ Spontaneous Nasalization ”. In regard to Gujarātī he says ( JRAS. , 1921, p. 344) “ there seems from the earliest times to have been a tendency to pronounce vowels with the velum incompletely raised, which results in the vowel becoming nasalized ”. Similarly, Professor Bloch ( La Formation de la Langue Marathe , § 70) says “ Toute voyelle longue tend à dév…
Hamm-(Gatau)
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The Dragons' Teeth; Blood falling on the Ground
Shāhbāzgaṛhī uthānaṃ; Śaurasēnī locative in ē
Rajasekhara and the Home of Paisaci
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Sita's Parentage
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Spontaneous Nasalization in the Indo-Aryan Languages
Professor Turner, in his valuable articles on Gujarātī Phonology, refers to what he terms “ Spontaneous Nasalization ”. In regard to Gujarātī he says ( JRAS. , 1921, p. 344) “ there seems from the earliest times to have been a tendency to pronounce vowels with the velum incompletely raised, which results in the vowel becoming nasalized ”. Similarly, Professor Bloch ( La Formation de la Langue Marathe , § 70) says “ Toute voyelle longue tend à dév…
The Headless Horseman
Art. V.—On the Stress-Accent in the Modern Indo-Aryan Vernaculars
The IAVs. closely follow the rules of the Sanskrit stress-accent (as distinct from the ancient musical accent) which have been noted by Prof. Jacobi in ZDMG. xlvii. 574 and ff. The only difference is that the IAVs. do not usually throw the accent further back than the antepenultimate if the word ends in a long syllable. The general rules are as follows:— (1) The stress-accent falls on the penultimate if it be long. Examples—Skr. and Ts. kīrti ‘fa…
Art. XI.—Some Bihārī Folk-Songs
The following songs are a portion of those collected by me last hot weather, when acting as Magistrate of Patna. They were written down for me in the heart of Bihār by Bābū Shiv Nandan Lāl Rāy, Deputy Magistrate, a gentleman born and bred in the neighbourhood of Ārā (Arrah), who takes a most lively and intelligent interest in his own beautiful native language. I have printed them exactly as they have been taken from the mouths of the reciters, a …
On the Tirahi Language
Tirāhī is a Dardic language of which, till now, hardly anything has been known. Our only materials have been the contents of a short vocabulary compiled by Leech in the year 1838. According to him, its speakers once inhabited the Tirāh country, now the home of the Afrīdi Pathāns, and, in consequence of a feud breaking out between the Ōrakzāīs and the Afrīdīs, they left that tract and settled in the Ningrahār country in independent Af gh ānistān, …
Rajasekhara and the Home of Paisaci
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Kadu and its Relatives
In Vol. 1, Part III, of the Bulletin (pp. 1 ff.) Mr. Grant Brown has given a valuable account of the Kadus of Burma, and, after comparing their speech with several other cognate Tibeto-Burman languages, has been unable to fix its exact classification. Perhaps the following notes may help to decide the question
On the Representation of Tones in Oriental Languages
In offering the following notes I would especially ask for consideration on the part of students of Sinitic languages. I in no way pretend to be familiar with these forms of speech, and I must explain that, while I shall be grateful for criticisms on their part, my remarks are not directly addressed to them, but rather to those students of philology who have not made a special study of Chinese, but who, for purposes of comparison, are compelled t…
The Brahui Language. Part I
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Vasudeva of Panini IV, iii, 98
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XXXII. Linguistic Relationship of the Shahbazgarhi Inscription
In the discussion lately held as to how far Sanskrit was a spoken language, I drew attention to the points of resemblance which existed between the so-called ‘Dard’ languages and the language employed by Aśōka in the Shāhbāzgaṛhī inscription. During the past few months I have been examining all these languages with considerable minuteness, and hope to publish the results of my studies after a reasonable period. In the meantime I have been pressed…
Sleeman's “Py-khan”—Kālidāsa and the Guptas
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Art. XIX.—On the Mugdhāvabodhamauktika, and its evidence as to Old Gujarātī
In the year 1889 the late Mr. H. H. Dhruva published an edition of the Mugdhāvabodhamauktika , which he described as “a Grammar for Beginners of the Gujerati Language”. He cannot have given much study to the work, for a perusal of it will show that it is not a Gujarātī Grammar at all. It is a very elementary Sanskrit Grammar, with the explanations written in an old form of Gujarātī. The date of the work is a.d. 1394, and all that is known of the …
Art. IV.—Hints to Oriental Students
It has often struck me how helpless European students are when they are in search of books published in India. These books are so cheap, and their demand in Europe is so limited, that it does not pay Indian publishers to have agents for their sale here. In addition to this, students have no means of knowing what works are published in India; and even if they knew their names, that is no criterion of the value of their contents. I therefore put do…
Art. XII—Some Bhoj'pūrī Folk-Songs
Encouraged by the reception of my former paper on Bihārī Folk-Songs, I now lay before the Society a further set of similar ones, in the same dialect of the Bihārī language,— the Bhoj'pūrī
Art. XI.—Some Bihārī Folk-Songs
The following songs are a portion of those collected by me last hot weather, when acting as Magistrate of Patna. They were written down for me in the heart of Bihār by Bābū Shiv Nandan Lāl Rāy, Deputy Magistrate, a gentleman born and bred in the neighbourhood of Ārā (Arrah), who takes a most lively and intelligent interest in his own beautiful native language. I have printed them exactly as they have been taken from the mouths of the reciters, a …
Art. XII—Some Bhoj'pūrī Folk-Songs
Encouraged by the reception of my former paper on Bihārī Folk-Songs, I now lay before the Society a further set of similar ones, in the same dialect of the Bihārī language,— the Bhoj'pūrī
Art. IV.—Hints to Oriental Students
It has often struck me how helpless European students are when they are in search of books published in India. These books are so cheap, and their demand in Europe is so limited, that it does not pay Indian publishers to have agents for their sale here. In addition to this, students have no means of knowing what works are published in India; and even if they knew their names, that is no criterion of the value of their contents. I therefore put do…
Sir. M. Monier-Williams on Transliteration
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Art. V.—On the Stress-Accent in the Modern Indo-Aryan Vernaculars
The IAVs. closely follow the rules of the Sanskrit stress-accent (as distinct from the ancient musical accent) which have been noted by Prof. Jacobi in ZDMG. xlvii. 574 and ff. The only difference is that the IAVs. do not usually throw the accent further back than the antepenultimate if the word ends in a long syllable. The general rules are as follows:— (1) The stress-accent falls on the penultimate if it be long. Examples—Skr. and Ts. kīrti ‘fa…
Correspondence.
Art. XXI.—On the Languages spoken beyond the North Western Frontier of India
Between the north-west frontier of our Indian Empire and the Pamirs there is a tract of mountainous country inhabited by many different nationalities, speaking many different tongues. The Pāmirs themselvesare a polyglot region. Taking Zēbāk, for instance, the district round it is the home of no less than four distinct speeches— one West-Iranian, Persian, and three East-Iranian, Wa kh ī, Sh i gh ī, and I sh kā sh amīī. These last belong to the sam…
Art. XXVIII.—Note on the principal Rājasthānī Dialects
There are many closely related dialects spoken in Rājputānā. No less than fifteen variations of the local speech have been counted in the Jaipur State alone. Omitting minor local variations, I have a list of sixteen real dialects spoken over the area in which Rājasthānī is a vernacular. An examination of them shows that they fall into four main groups, which may be called Mēwātī, Mālwī, Jaipurī, and Mārwārī. These may be considered as the four ma…
Art. XVIII.—An old Kumaunī Satire
The three great administrators of Kumaon were Mr. Traill (1815–1835), Mr. Batten (1848–1856), and Captain (afterwards Major-General Sir Henry) Ramsay, all of whom are remembered with affection by their whilom subjects. There were numerous short settlements of Kumaon, the first being in 1815–16, the second in 1817, and the third (for three years) in 1818. The fifth settlement (for five years) took place in 1823, and was subsequently extended for a…
Art. XIX.—On the Mugdhāvabodhamauktika, and its evidence as to Old Gujarātī
In the year 1889 the late Mr. H. H. Dhruva published an edition of the Mugdhāvabodhamauktika , which he described as “a Grammar for Beginners of the Gujerati Language”. He cannot have given much study to the work, for a perusal of it will show that it is not a Gujarātī Grammar at all. It is a very elementary Sanskrit Grammar, with the explanations written in an old form of Gujarātī. The date of the work is a.d. 1394, and all that is known of the …
Art. III.—Vrācaḍa and Sindhī
The Vrācaḍa Apabhraṁśa form of Prakrit was spoken in Sindh. 1 We know very little about it, except that amongst its peculiarities were (1) the optional change of initial ta and da to ṭa and ḍa respectively; (2) the change of ṣa and sa to śa ; and (3) the prefixing of y to c and j
Art. XVI.— Tulasī Dāsa, Poet and Religious Reformer
Much, of what I shall say to-day will be familiar to those members of the Society who have lived in Northern India. A good deal has been written about Tulasī Dāsa, but it has always been addressed to a comparatively small audience—those directly interested in the details of modern Indian folk-religion. I therefore gladly take this opportunity of repeating on a larger stage what has been said before. Tulasī Dāsa is surely deserving of more notice …
Sleeman's “Py-khan”—Kālidāsa and the Guptas
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XXXII. Linguistic Relationship of the Shahbazgarhi Inscription
In the discussion lately held as to how far Sanskrit was a spoken language, I drew attention to the points of resemblance which existed between the so-called ‘Dard’ languages and the language employed by Aśōka in the Shāhbāzgaṛhī inscription. During the past few months I have been examining all these languages with considerable minuteness, and hope to publish the results of my studies after a reasonable period. In the meantime I have been pressed…
Hastivanj
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Guessing the Number of Vibhītaka Seeds
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IX. —An Ahom Cosmogony, with a Translation and a Vocabulary of the Ahom Language
The Ahoms are a tribe of the Tai branch of the Indo-Chinese. They conquered Assam early in the thirteenth century a.d., and held it, as the ruling nation, for many centuries. Their language, which is now extinct, was an old form of the Tai language from which Siamese and Shan have sprung. It is now known by tradition to a few priests of the old Ahom religion. It had a considerable literature (including several valuable historical works), manuscri…
V. On the Modern Indo-Aryan Alphabets of North-Western India
The well-known Śāradā character of Kaśmīr is described by Bühler p. 56 of his Indische Palaeographie . He points out that it is descended from the western variety of the Gupta type of alphabets, and notes that a modern variety of it is the so-called Ṭakkarī of Jammū and the neighbourhood. Bühler does not, so far as I am aware, mention any other of the modern alphabets of north-western India
A Few Notes on the First Half of the Twenty-Fifth Volume of Jaos
X. Pisaca = ’Ωμοφάγος
As a contribution towards solving the question of the origin of the inhabitants of the North - Western Frontier of British India, i.e., of Gilgit, Chitral, and Kāfiristān, I would draw attention to the fact that several legends as to the early customs of these tribes point to cannibalism having once prevailed there. The interpretation of the word Piśāca as meaning ‘an eater of raw flesh,’ ’Ωμοφ⋯γος , is well known. Some of the legends have been p…
The Inscription on the Peshawar Vase
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Ḍallana and Bhoja
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Aḍhakōsikya
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Notes on Dr. Fleet's Article on the Corporeal Relics of Buddha
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V. Yuan Chwang's Mo-la-p'o
Yuan chwang describes a country which he calls Mo-la-p'o, immediately after his account of the kingdom of Broach in the modern Bombay Presidency. Up to lately, this name has (with some hesitation) been considered as equivalent to Mālava, the modern Mālwā. Mr. Vincent Smith, on pp. 279, 280 of his Early History of India , and at greater length in vol. lviii of the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft , has attacked this interpre…
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