Aaron S Karat
Biographic Data
| ID | 7001650 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Aaron S Karat |
| GIVEN NAMES | Aaron S |
| FAMILY NAME | Karat |
| SIGNATURE | KARAT A S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Queen Margaret University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9643-664X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 8 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 8 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Burden of tuberculosis in underserved populations in South Africa
Qualitative system dynamics modelling to support the design and implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control measures in South African primary healthcare facilities
Tuberculosis infection prevention and control (TB IPC) measures are a cornerstone of policy, but measures are diverse and variably implemented. Limited attention has been paid to the health system environment, which influences successful implementation of these measures. We used qualitative system dynamics and group-model-building methods to (1) develop a qualitative causal map of the interlinked drivers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transm…
Estimating the contribution of transmission in primary healthcare clinics to community-wide TB disease incidence, and the impact of infection prevention and control interventions, in KwaZulu-Natal, So…
BACKGROUND: ) transmission in healthcare facilities in high burden settings. WHO guidelines on tuberculosis (TB) infection prevention and control (IPC) recommend a range of measures to reduce transmission in healthcare settings. These were evaluated primarily based on evidence for their effects on transmission to healthcare workers in hospitals. To estimate the overall impact of IPC interventions, it is necessary to also consider their impact on …
Estimating waiting times, patient flow, and waiting room occupancy density as part of tuberculosis infection prevention and control research in South African primary health care clinics
Transmission of respiratory pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is more likely during close, prolonged contact and when sharing a poorly ventilated space. Reducing overcrowding of health facilities is a recognised infection prevention and control (IPC) strategy; reliable estimates of waiting times and ‘patient flow’ would help guide implementation. As part of the Umoya omuhle study, w…
High sensitivity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults in South Africa
Background There are limited data on the performance characteristics of ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults. Methods Comprehensive thoracic and focused abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed by trained radiologists and pul…
Direct estimates of absolute ventilation and estimated Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission risk in clinics in South Africa
Healthcare facilities are important sites for the transmission of pathogens spread via bioaerosols, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Natural ventilation can play an important role in reducing this transmission. We aimed to measure rates of natural ventilation in clinics in KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape provinces, South Africa, then use these measurements to estimate Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission risk. We measured ventilation in cli…
Using system dynamics modelling to estimate the costs of relaxing health system constraints
Health system constraints are increasingly recognized as an important addition to model-based analyses of disease control interventions, as they affect achievable impact and scale. Enabling activities implemented alongside interventions to relax constraints and reach the intended coverage may incur additional costs, which should be considered in priority setting decisions. We explore the use of group model building, a participatory system dynamic…
Modelling the effect of infection prevention and control measures on rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission to clinic attendees in primary health clinics in South Africa
Background Elevated rates of tuberculosis in healthcare workers demonstrate the high rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb ) transmission in health facilities in high-burden settings. In the context of a project taking a whole systems approach to tuberculosis infection prevention and control (IPC), we aimed to evaluate the potential impact of conventional and novel IPC measures on Mtb transmission to patients and other clinic attendees. Methods…
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Modelling the effect of infection prevention and control measures on rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission to clinic attendees in primary health clinics in South Africa
Background Elevated rates of tuberculosis in healthcare workers demonstrate the high rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb ) transmission in health facilities in high-burden settings. In the context of a project taking a whole systems approach to tuberculosis infection prevention and control (IPC), we aimed to evaluate the potential impact of conventional and novel IPC measures on Mtb transmission to patients and other clinic attendees. Methods…
Estimating the contribution of transmission in primary healthcare clinics to community-wide TB disease incidence, and the impact of infection prevention and control interventions, in KwaZulu-Natal, So…
BACKGROUND: ) transmission in healthcare facilities in high burden settings. WHO guidelines on tuberculosis (TB) infection prevention and control (IPC) recommend a range of measures to reduce transmission in healthcare settings. These were evaluated primarily based on evidence for their effects on transmission to healthcare workers in hospitals. To estimate the overall impact of IPC interventions, it is necessary to also consider their impact on …
Estimating waiting times, patient flow, and waiting room occupancy density as part of tuberculosis infection prevention and control research in South African primary health care clinics
Transmission of respiratory pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is more likely during close, prolonged contact and when sharing a poorly ventilated space. Reducing overcrowding of health facilities is a recognised infection prevention and control (IPC) strategy; reliable estimates of waiting times and ‘patient flow’ would help guide implementation. As part of the Umoya omuhle study, w…
High sensitivity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults in South Africa
Background There are limited data on the performance characteristics of ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults. Methods Comprehensive thoracic and focused abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed by trained radiologists and pul…
Direct estimates of absolute ventilation and estimated Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission risk in clinics in South Africa
Healthcare facilities are important sites for the transmission of pathogens spread via bioaerosols, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Natural ventilation can play an important role in reducing this transmission. We aimed to measure rates of natural ventilation in clinics in KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape provinces, South Africa, then use these measurements to estimate Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission risk. We measured ventilation in cli…
Using system dynamics modelling to estimate the costs of relaxing health system constraints
Health system constraints are increasingly recognized as an important addition to model-based analyses of disease control interventions, as they affect achievable impact and scale. Enabling activities implemented alongside interventions to relax constraints and reach the intended coverage may incur additional costs, which should be considered in priority setting decisions. We explore the use of group model building, a participatory system dynamic…
Burden of tuberculosis in underserved populations in South Africa
Qualitative system dynamics modelling to support the design and implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control measures in South African primary healthcare facilities
Tuberculosis infection prevention and control (TB IPC) measures are a cornerstone of policy, but measures are diverse and variably implemented. Limited attention has been paid to the health system environment, which influences successful implementation of these measures. We used qualitative system dynamics and group-model-building methods to (1) develop a qualitative causal map of the interlinked drivers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transm…
Medicine (7 works) · Nursing (4 works) · Psychological intervention (4 works) · Emergency Medicine (3 works) · Environmental health (3 works) · Health care (3 works) · Infection control (3 works) · Internal Medicine (3 works) · Tuberculosis (3 works) · Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology (3 works)