Richard Vanness Simmons
Biographic Data
| ID | 712120 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Vanness Simmons |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard Vanness |
| FAMILY NAME | Simmons |
| SIGNATURE | SIMMONS R V |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1552-403X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 8 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 6 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Contact-Induced Layering and Diffusion in Yuè Chinese Varieties-The *-iun/iut and *-un/ut Merger Reconsidered
This study re-investigates the merger of *-iun/iut and *-un/ut in 46 Yuè Chinese varieties, which lacks explanatory treatment, from the variant derivative patterns of *-iun/iut > [yn]/[yt] and *-un/ut > [yn]/[yt]. The historical-comparative method was employed as the frame to analyze spatial (geographic) variation obtained from QGIS. The data showed that the merger of the reflexes of *-iun/iut and *-un/ut does not prevail in the majority of Yuè v…
Studies in Colloquial Chinese and Its History: Dialect and Text
Changes in Language Use as Reflected in Shuǐhǔ zhuàn Passages Embedded in the Jīn Píng Méi cíhuà
In adopting textual content from the Shuǐhǔ zhuàn 水滸傳, the Jīn Píng Méi cíhuà 金瓶梅詞話 inserted a great deal of dialect and colloquial expressions. In this way, this novel effected a transformation toward the adoption of rustic expressions in the báihuà 白話 colloquial of the traditional Chinese vernacular novel in the process of the evolution of the genre. Among the expressions added in Jīn Píng Méi cíhuà , HUÁNG Lín finds dialect and colloquial expr…
The Mix of Dialect and Guānhuà Elements in the Wú Folk Songs Collected in Féng Mènglóng’s Shāngē
In this chapter, SHÍ Rǔjié examines the mix of Wú dialect and Mandarin colloquial elements in the Shāngē 山歌 [Mountain songs], transcribed and compiled by Féng Mènglóng 馮夢龍 (1574–1646). Shāngē is a ten-chapter collection of often ribald folk songs transcribed primarily in the Wú dialect in which they were undoubtedly performed in their time. As such, the book provides a record of the Sūzhōu 蘇州 language of four centuries ago. The language used in t…
Wordplay in Jīn Píng Méi
In this chapter, ZHĀNG Huìyīng discusses the frequent use of dialect colloquialisms, vulgar language, and non-standard characters in the Jīn Píng Méi . In this regard, the novel is significantly different from the written vernacular adopted in Shuǐhǔ zhuàn, Xīyóu jì , and Hónglóu mèng that is more straight-laced and easily understood. Jīn Píng Méi is especially fond of wordplay that uses homophonic witticisms and the use of novel Chinese characte…
Frontier Mandarins and Lán Mào’s Yùnlüè yìtōng in the Míng
In this chapter, Richard VanNess Simmons examines jūnhuà 軍話 and zhènghuà 正話Mandarin dialect islands in southeast China that formed in the Míng period in comparison to a Mandarin phonology recorded in a fifteenth century Guānhuà rime book, the Yùnlüè yìtōng 韻畧易通. The Mandarin phonology of that rhyme book was conservative for its time as it does not include innovations in Mandarin that occurred in the north earlier in the Yuán and are also not seen…
Studies in Colloquial Chinese and Its History: Dialect and Text
Whence Came Mandarin: Qīng Guānhuà, the Běijīng Dialect, and the National Language Standard in Early Republican China
While the language of Běijīng served together with Manchu as the court vernacular in the Qīng dynasty, the city's dialect was not widely accepted in China as the standard for Guānhuà even in the late nineteenth century. The preferred form was a mixed Mandarin koiné with roots going back much earlier, such as that represented in Lǐ Rǔzhēn's mid-Qīng rime compendium Lǐshì yīnjiàn. A similar form of mixed Mandarin served briefly as the National Pron…
The Evolution of the Chinese Sìhū 四呼 Concept of Syllable Classification
This paper examines the origins and evolution of the Chinese linguistic concept known as the sìhū 四呼 "four types of rime onset" that is frequently applied to the description and analysis of Mandarin and Chinese dialect phonology. Through the examination of phonological texts primarily of the Míng (1368-1644) and Qīng (1644-1911) periods, the author follows the evolution of the sìhū as a phonological feature and outlines the development of the sìh…
Problems in Comparative Dialectology: The Classification of Miin and Hakka
Chinese Dialect Classification: A Comparative Approach to Harngjou, Old Jintarn, and Common Northern Wu
This volume is an investigation and classification of dialects along the Wu and Jiang-Hwai Mandarin border in China's eastern Yangtze Valley. It is the first monograph-length study to critically question the traditional single criterion of initial voicing for the classification of Wu dialects and propose a comprehensive comparative framework as a more successful alternative. Arguing that dialect affiliation is best determined through analysis of …
A Second Look at the Tōwa Sanyō: Clues to the Nature of the Guanhuah Studied by Japanese in the Early Eighteenth Century
The vocabulary and usage of the Towa sanyo provide a framework for examining the characteristics of eighteenth-century Mandarin. This Edo-period Chinese primer, compiled by Okajima Kanzan, presents a language that is distinctively Mandarin, while also showing evidence of Wu dialect influence. The text contains examples of usage drawn from the literary language as well. Yet this primer has a true colloquial base and likely represents an idealized …
An Early Missionary Syllabary for the Hangzhou Dialect
A picture of the phonology of the Hangzhou dialect at the turn of the century is found in a short book entitled Sound-table of the Hangchow dialect that was published in 1902 by the Church Missionary Society in Shàoxīng. The author of the book is not identified, but its production was no doubt associated with Bishop George Evans Moule, who for over 40 years, beginning in 1864, operated a mission in Hángzhōu affiliated with the Church Missionary S…
A Note on the Phonology of the Tōwa Sanyō
Le Tōwa sanyō est un manuel de la langue chinoise compile au Japon en 1716, et utilise pour enseigner le chinois. Cet ouvrage prouve qu'une forme conservatrice du mandarin existait comme un standard parle trois ou quatre siecles apres la codification du mandarin le plus novateur de Jou Derching. Une serie de sept criteres comparatifs distinguant le mandarin des dialectes wu est utilise pour examiner le systeme phonologique de ce manuel
Whence Came Mandarin: Qīng Guānhuà, the Běijīng Dialect, and the National Language Standard in Early Republican China
While the language of Běijīng served together with Manchu as the court vernacular in the Qīng dynasty, the city's dialect was not widely accepted in China as the standard for Guānhuà even in the late nineteenth century. The preferred form was a mixed Mandarin koiné with roots going back much earlier, such as that represented in Lǐ Rǔzhēn's mid-Qīng rime compendium Lǐshì yīnjiàn. A similar form of mixed Mandarin served briefly as the National Pron…
The Evolution of the Chinese Sìhū 四呼 Concept of Syllable Classification
This paper examines the origins and evolution of the Chinese linguistic concept known as the sìhū 四呼 "four types of rime onset" that is frequently applied to the description and analysis of Mandarin and Chinese dialect phonology. Through the examination of phonological texts primarily of the Míng (1368-1644) and Qīng (1644-1911) periods, the author follows the evolution of the sìhū as a phonological feature and outlines the development of the sìh…
A Note on the Phonology of the Tōwa Sanyō
Le Tōwa sanyō est un manuel de la langue chinoise compile au Japon en 1716, et utilise pour enseigner le chinois. Cet ouvrage prouve qu'une forme conservatrice du mandarin existait comme un standard parle trois ou quatre siecles apres la codification du mandarin le plus novateur de Jou Derching. Une serie de sept criteres comparatifs distinguant le mandarin des dialectes wu est utilise pour examiner le systeme phonologique de ce manuel
An Early Missionary Syllabary for the Hangzhou Dialect
A picture of the phonology of the Hangzhou dialect at the turn of the century is found in a short book entitled Sound-table of the Hangchow dialect that was published in 1902 by the Church Missionary Society in Shàoxīng. The author of the book is not identified, but its production was no doubt associated with Bishop George Evans Moule, who for over 40 years, beginning in 1864, operated a mission in Hángzhōu affiliated with the Church Missionary S…
A Second Look at the Tōwa Sanyō: Clues to the Nature of the Guanhuah Studied by Japanese in the Early Eighteenth Century
The vocabulary and usage of the Towa sanyo provide a framework for examining the characteristics of eighteenth-century Mandarin. This Edo-period Chinese primer, compiled by Okajima Kanzan, presents a language that is distinctively Mandarin, while also showing evidence of Wu dialect influence. The text contains examples of usage drawn from the literary language as well. Yet this primer has a true colloquial base and likely represents an idealized …
Problems in Comparative Dialectology: The Classification of Miin and Hakka
Chinese Dialect Classification: A Comparative Approach to Harngjou, Old Jintarn, and Common Northern Wu
This volume is an investigation and classification of dialects along the Wu and Jiang-Hwai Mandarin border in China's eastern Yangtze Valley. It is the first monograph-length study to critically question the traditional single criterion of initial voicing for the classification of Wu dialects and propose a comprehensive comparative framework as a more successful alternative. Arguing that dialect affiliation is best determined through analysis of …
The Evolution of the Chinese Sìhū 四呼 Concept of Syllable Classification
This paper examines the origins and evolution of the Chinese linguistic concept known as the sìhū 四呼 "four types of rime onset" that is frequently applied to the description and analysis of Mandarin and Chinese dialect phonology. Through the examination of phonological texts primarily of the Míng (1368-1644) and Qīng (1644-1911) periods, the author follows the evolution of the sìhū as a phonological feature and outlines the development of the sìh…
Whence Came Mandarin: Qīng Guānhuà, the Běijīng Dialect, and the National Language Standard in Early Republican China
While the language of Běijīng served together with Manchu as the court vernacular in the Qīng dynasty, the city's dialect was not widely accepted in China as the standard for Guānhuà even in the late nineteenth century. The preferred form was a mixed Mandarin koiné with roots going back much earlier, such as that represented in Lǐ Rǔzhēn's mid-Qīng rime compendium Lǐshì yīnjiàn. A similar form of mixed Mandarin served briefly as the National Pron…
Studies in Colloquial Chinese and Its History: Dialect and Text
Changes in Language Use as Reflected in Shuǐhǔ zhuàn Passages Embedded in the Jīn Píng Méi cíhuà
In adopting textual content from the Shuǐhǔ zhuàn 水滸傳, the Jīn Píng Méi cíhuà 金瓶梅詞話 inserted a great deal of dialect and colloquial expressions. In this way, this novel effected a transformation toward the adoption of rustic expressions in the báihuà 白話 colloquial of the traditional Chinese vernacular novel in the process of the evolution of the genre. Among the expressions added in Jīn Píng Méi cíhuà , HUÁNG Lín finds dialect and colloquial expr…
The Mix of Dialect and Guānhuà Elements in the Wú Folk Songs Collected in Féng Mènglóng’s Shāngē
In this chapter, SHÍ Rǔjié examines the mix of Wú dialect and Mandarin colloquial elements in the Shāngē 山歌 [Mountain songs], transcribed and compiled by Féng Mènglóng 馮夢龍 (1574–1646). Shāngē is a ten-chapter collection of often ribald folk songs transcribed primarily in the Wú dialect in which they were undoubtedly performed in their time. As such, the book provides a record of the Sūzhōu 蘇州 language of four centuries ago. The language used in t…
Wordplay in Jīn Píng Méi
In this chapter, ZHĀNG Huìyīng discusses the frequent use of dialect colloquialisms, vulgar language, and non-standard characters in the Jīn Píng Méi . In this regard, the novel is significantly different from the written vernacular adopted in Shuǐhǔ zhuàn, Xīyóu jì , and Hónglóu mèng that is more straight-laced and easily understood. Jīn Píng Méi is especially fond of wordplay that uses homophonic witticisms and the use of novel Chinese characte…
Frontier Mandarins and Lán Mào’s Yùnlüè yìtōng in the Míng
In this chapter, Richard VanNess Simmons examines jūnhuà 軍話 and zhènghuà 正話Mandarin dialect islands in southeast China that formed in the Míng period in comparison to a Mandarin phonology recorded in a fifteenth century Guānhuà rime book, the Yùnlüè yìtōng 韻畧易通. The Mandarin phonology of that rhyme book was conservative for its time as it does not include innovations in Mandarin that occurred in the north earlier in the Yuán and are also not seen…
Studies in Colloquial Chinese and Its History: Dialect and Text
Contact-Induced Layering and Diffusion in Yuè Chinese Varieties-The *-iun/iut and *-un/ut Merger Reconsidered
This study re-investigates the merger of *-iun/iut and *-un/ut in 46 Yuè Chinese varieties, which lacks explanatory treatment, from the variant derivative patterns of *-iun/iut > [yn]/[yt] and *-un/ut > [yn]/[yt]. The historical-comparative method was employed as the frame to analyze spatial (geographic) variation obtained from QGIS. The data showed that the merger of the reflexes of *-iun/iut and *-un/ut does not prevail in the majority of Yuè v…
History (13 works) · Linguistics (11 works) · Philosophy (11 works) · Chinese history and philosophy (9 works) · Art (7 works) · Literature (6 works) · Mandarin Chinese (6 works) · Geography (4 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (4 works) · Philippine History and Culture (4 works)