Fabrice Lehoucq
Biographic Data
| ID | 715039 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Fabrice Lehoucq |
| GIVEN NAMES | Fabrice |
| FAMILY NAME | Lehoucq |
| SIGNATURE | LEHOUCQ F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of North Carolina at Greensboro |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 556 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Revisiting the Chilean Road to Socialism
This essay reviews the following works: The Pinochet Generation: The Chilean Military in the Twentieth Century . By John R. Bawden. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2016. Pp. x + 304. US$29.95 paperback. ISBN: 978–0817319281. La Unidad Popular y la revolución en Chile. By Mario Garcés. Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2020. Pp. 340. CL$45,000 cloth. ISBN: 978–956–00–1382–8. Pinochet desclasificado: Los archivos secretos de Estados Unidos sobre Ch…
Campaigns, Elections, and Regimes in Latin America
This essay reviews the following works: Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo I: Prácticas políticas . Edited by Iván Jaksić and Juan Luis Ossa. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2014. Pp. 508. $280.00 MXN, paperback. ISBN: 9789562891653. Historia política de Chile, 1810–2010. Tomo II: Estado y sociedad. Edited by Iván Jaksić and Francisca Rengifo. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017. Pp. 476. $470.00 MXN, paper…
Bolivia's Citizen Revolt
This article analyzes the outcome and aftermath of the 2019 elections that ended with the unexpected exile of President Evo Morales of Bolivia (2006–19). It suggests that we will probably never know whether fraud deprived the opposition of the chance to compete against Morales in a runoff election. This uncertainty, however, helps to explain why the opposition succeeded in capitalizing on a widespread sense of injustice to organize an urban-based…
An Introduction to Special Issue: The Causes and Consequences of Secret Ballot Reform
This article introduces a collection of papers that explore two understudied but critical questions of enduring concern for the study of democratization. Was the secret ballot driven by the same forces that drove the rise of democracy more generally? Did the secret ballot end electoral fraud, or was its effect merely endogenous to economic modernization more generally? This article provides historical context for the rise of the secret ballot, sy…
David Díaz Arias. Crisis social y memorias en lucha: Guerra civil en Costa Rica, 1940–1948
The 1948 civil war in Costa Rica is one of 130 civil wars that have occurred in the world since 1940 (Monica Duffy Toft, Securing the Peace: The Durable Settlement of Civil Wars [2009]). It is one of the shortest, having barely lasted two months (the average length of a civil war is a dozen years). Estimates of fatalities vary from several hundred to four thousand according to David Díaz Arias in Crisis social y memorias en lucha: Guerra civil en…
Varying the Un-Variable: Social Structure, Electoral Formulae, and Election Quality
This paper assesses the hypothesis that election quality is worse under plurality voting systems than under proportional representation (PR). We use a two-pronged research design that permits us to harness the advantages of most similar and most different approaches to limit problems of endogeneity that afflict hypothesis testing in comparative politics. We use a subnational database of more than 1,300 accusations of electoral fraud from Costa Ri…
Does Nonviolence Work
Central America's Violent Legacy
Devastated by decades of civil wars, the isthmus is still struggling with democratization and economic recovery, as well as contending with criminal violence
Breaking Out of the Coup Trap: Political Competition and Military Coups in Latin America
This article systematically assesses whether open political competition ends the coup trap. We use an original data set of coup reports, electoral competition, and socioeconomic data spanning the 20th century in 18 Latin American countries. Our models, which are robust to multiple-comparison tests, generate support for a central claim: While recent experience with military coups increases the risk of incumbents being overthrown, the establishment…
The Market and the Masses in Latin America: Policy Reform and Consumption in Liberalizing Economies - by Baker, Andy
The Big Ditch: How America Took, Built, Ran, and Ultimately Gave Away the Panama Canal – By Noel Maurer and Carlos Yu
Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy: A Historical Perspective - by Moreno-Brid, Juan C. and Ros, Jaime
In the Name of Reason: Technocrats and Politics in Chile
Political Competition, Constitutional Arrangements, and the Quality of Public Policies in Costa Rica
This article explains why Costa Rica, by the mid-twentieth century, began to depart from the all-too-common mixture of political instability and economic stagnation characteristic of much of the developing world. The article argues that this country has benefited from better-than-average public policies, a conclusion based on a major comparative ranking of state policies. It further argues that interminable political stalemates gradually democrat…
De Vecinos a Ciudadanos: Movimientos comunales y luchas cívicas en la historia contemporánea de Costa Rica. Patricia Alvarenga Venutolo: Heredia, Costa Rica: Euna, 2005
Patricia Alvarenga Venutolo, a historian at the National University in Heredia, Costa Rica, has written an engaging narrative about some of the highlights of communal protest in contemporary Costa Rica. By communal, she means "socially diverse groups of individuals who organize to protest concrete issues," as distinct from class-based movements (p. 1). Her main conclusion is that conflicts over the rates and quality of public services can lead to…
Partidos políticos, elecciones y lealtades partidarias en Costa Rica: Erosión y cambio
Though parties are key organizations of any democracy, they typically get short shrift even in academic research about the political systems of developing countries. In Costa Rica, historians rarely study them; Héctor Pérez-Brignoli was the last one to publish a short book on one of them (the now basically moribund Social Christian party) in 1998. Costa Rican political scientists infrequently attend party meetings, interview the leaders or rank a…
The Third Wave of Democracy: Findings and Implications
The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America: Advances and Setbacks. Edited by Frances Hagopian and Scott P. Mainwaring. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. 432. La eleccion presidencial mediante doble vuelta en Latinoamerica. Ed ited by Rafael Martinez. Barcelona: Institut de Ciencies Politiques i So cials, 2004. Pp. 588. Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook. Edited by Dieter Nohlen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.…
Bolivia's Constitutional Breakdown
The attempt to revolutionize Bolivia that began with the election of Evo Morales in 2005 has led to the breakdown of constitutional democracy and the polarization of the country between the poorer, indigenous western highlands and the (slightly) more prosperous, more heavily mestizo , and more market-friendly eastern lowlands (what Bolivians call the media luna or “half-moon”). The trajectory of relative stability and economic growth followed fro…
Ethnic Conflict and Political Institutions
(2006). Ethnic Conflict and Political Institutions. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 297-298
Municipal politics and forest governance: Comparative analysis of decentralization in Bolivia and Guatemala
Exchange: Different Times, Different Demands
In recent decades, Costa Rican society has evolved and become less deferential. Thus, political arrangements that worked well in the past no longer meet the countryâ s needs
Costa Rica: Paradise in Doubt
Latin America's oldest democracy is undergoing a crisis of confidence, one made manifest by the recent jailing of two former presidents on corruption charges. This paper analyzes how changing electoral preferencesis behind the disintegration of the two-party system. It examines how citizen dissatisfaction is rooted in the difficulty of overseeing more than one hundred autonomous institutions responsible for a wide array of governmental functions.…
Measuring Political Democracy: Case Expertise, Data Adequacy, and Central America
Recent writings concerning measurement of political democracy offer sophisticated discussions of problems of conceptualization, operationalization, and aggregation. Yet they have less to say about the error that derives from the use of inaccurate, partial, or misleading data sources. Drawing on evidence from five Central American countries, the authors show this data-induced measurement error compromises the validity of the principal, long-term c…
Constitutional Design and Democratic Performance in Latin America
VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee , Seite 370 - 390
The Politics of Decentralized Natural Resource Governance
As human populations and their demands on natural resources continue to grow, citizens and officials from around the world search ever more intensely for effective solutions to environmental problems. Various factors conspire to make natural resources difficult to govern well. First, since many larger scale natural resources can be common pool resources, they pose different—and arguably more difficult—challenges to governance than private or publ…
Electoralfraud: Causes, Types, and Consequences
This article reviews research on electoral fraud-clandestine and illegal efforts to shape election results. Only a handful of works classify reports on electoral fraud to identify its nature, magnitude, and causes. This review therefore looks at the larger number of historical works (as well as some ethnographies and surveys) that discuss ballot rigging. Its conclusions are threefold. First, fraud takes on a panoply of forms; it ranges from proce…
Measuring Political Democracy: Case Expertise, Data Adequacy, and Central America
Recent writings concerning measurement of political democracy offer sophisticated discussions of problems of conceptualization, operationalization, and aggregation. Yet they have less to say about the error that derives from the use of inaccurate, partial, or misleading data sources. Drawing on evidence from five Central American countries, the authors show this data-induced measurement error compromises the validity of the principal, long-term c…
Municipal politics and forest governance: Comparative analysis of decentralization in Bolivia and Guatemala
Can Parties Police Themselves? Electoral Governance and Democratization
This article outlines the logic and consequences of the classical theory of electoral governance. By empowering the executive with the administration of elections and the legislature with the certification of the vote tally, the theory expected elected officials to generate widely acceptable election results. This article argues that the classical theory breaks down when the same party controls the executive and the legislature. Developments in s…
Breaking Out of the Coup Trap: Political Competition and Military Coups in Latin America
This article systematically assesses whether open political competition ends the coup trap. We use an original data set of coup reports, electoral competition, and socioeconomic data spanning the 20th century in 18 Latin American countries. Our models, which are robust to multiple-comparison tests, generate support for a central claim: While recent experience with military coups increases the risk of incumbents being overthrown, the establishment…
Does Nonviolence Work
Bolivia's Constitutional Breakdown
The attempt to revolutionize Bolivia that began with the election of Evo Morales in 2005 has led to the breakdown of constitutional democracy and the polarization of the country between the poorer, indigenous western highlands and the (slightly) more prosperous, more heavily mestizo , and more market-friendly eastern lowlands (what Bolivians call the media luna or “half-moon”). The trajectory of relative stability and economic growth followed fro…
Explaining voter turnout rates in new democracies: Guatemala
An Introduction to Special Issue: The Causes and Consequences of Secret Ballot Reform
This article introduces a collection of papers that explore two understudied but critical questions of enduring concern for the study of democratization. Was the secret ballot driven by the same forces that drove the rise of democracy more generally? Did the secret ballot end electoral fraud, or was its effect merely endogenous to economic modernization more generally? This article provides historical context for the rise of the secret ballot, sy…
Costa Rica: Paradise in Doubt
Latin America's oldest democracy is undergoing a crisis of confidence, one made manifest by the recent jailing of two former presidents on corruption charges. This paper analyzes how changing electoral preferencesis behind the disintegration of the two-party system. It examines how citizen dissatisfaction is rooted in the difficulty of overseeing more than one hundred autonomous institutions responsible for a wide array of governmental functions.…
Institutionalizing Democracy: Constraint and Ambition in the Politics of Electoral Reform
Why do politicians reform the institutions that keep them in power?Why do they relinquish the ability to rig elections?The nonfraudulent 1988 Chilean plebiscite triggered the collapse of General Pinochet's sixteen year dictatorship.The fairness of the 1997 legislative elections in Mexico signaled the end of the PRI's sixty year stranglehold of the state.Fair elections typically result in the end of dictatorship and often a shift in government pri…
Bolivia's Citizen Revolt
This article analyzes the outcome and aftermath of the 2019 elections that ended with the unexpected exile of President Evo Morales of Bolivia (2006–19). It suggests that we will probably never know whether fraud deprived the opposition of the chance to compete against Morales in a runoff election. This uncertainty, however, helps to explain why the opposition succeeded in capitalizing on a widespread sense of injustice to organize an urban-based…
Varying the Un-Variable: Social Structure, Electoral Formulae, and Election Quality
This paper assesses the hypothesis that election quality is worse under plurality voting systems than under proportional representation (PR). We use a two-pronged research design that permits us to harness the advantages of most similar and most different approaches to limit problems of endogeneity that afflict hypothesis testing in comparative politics. We use a subnational database of more than 1,300 accusations of electoral fraud from Costa Ri…
Political Competition and Electoral Fraud: A Latin American Case Study
Legal petitions to nullify electoral results comprise a rich source for studying electoral fraud. During a fifty-year period in Costa Rica, parties submitted 120 petitions to Congress, containing more than 1,200 charges of fraud. The petitions reveal that between 1901 and 1938, more than half of such accusations took place in the country's peripheral provinces, where roughly 20 percent of voters lived. They also show that institutional changes he…
In the Name of Reason: Technocrats and Politics in Chile
Institutional change and political conflict: Evaluating alternative explanations of electoral reform in Costa Rica
Does Privatization Protect Natural Resources? Property Rights and Forests in Guatemala
Objectives . Property rights are central to debates about natural resource policy. Governments traditionally have been seen as the appropriate custodians of natural resources for their citizens. More recently, many argue the privatization of property rights will ensure that users have incentives to manage their resources well. Common property, to the extent it is discussed at all, is seen as leading to the tragedy of the commons. We evaluate thes…
The Institutional Foundations of Democratic Cooperation in Costa Rica
Costa Rica's long-term standing as one of the few countries in Latin America with a stable democracy has prompted many to view its polity as an inevitable outcome of a racially homogeneous and relatively egalitarian society. Without ignoring the importance of sociological factors, this article contends that institutional arrangements played an equally important - if not more central - role in the development of a stable democratic regime in this …
The Costa Rican general elections of 6 February 1994
Political Competition, Constitutional Arrangements, and the Quality of Public Policies in Costa Rica
This article explains why Costa Rica, by the mid-twentieth century, began to depart from the all-too-common mixture of political instability and economic stagnation characteristic of much of the developing world. The article argues that this country has benefited from better-than-average public policies, a conclusion based on a major comparative ranking of state policies. It further argues that interminable political stalemates gradually democrat…
Constitutional Design and Democratic Performance in Latin America
VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee , Seite 370 - 390
The Politics of Decentralized Natural Resource Governance
As human populations and their demands on natural resources continue to grow, citizens and officials from around the world search ever more intensely for effective solutions to environmental problems. Various factors conspire to make natural resources difficult to govern well. First, since many larger scale natural resources can be common pool resources, they pose different—and arguably more difficult—challenges to governance than private or publ…
The Romance of Democracy: Compliant Defiance in Contemporary Mexico
Democracy in Latin America: (Re)constructing Political Society
Democracy in Latin America examines democratic transition and consolidation in post-authoritarian and post-civil war Latin America. The norm of democracy is becoming embedded in regional and national politics. The authors of this volume suggest, however, that the journey to meaningful democracy is unfinished
The election of 1994 in El Salvador
Class Conflict, Political Crisis and the Breakdown of Democratic Practices in Costa Rica: Reassessing the Origins of the 1948 Civil War
The 1948 Costa Rican civil war stands as the most significant breakdown of emerging democratic practices in what many believe is a country with a democratic destiny. No other political conflict has so polarised the country and cost so many lives. Nor has any other civil war so influenced the way analysts view and understand the development of democratic institutions in Costa Rica. Why political actors in Costa Rica settled their disputes on the b…
Institutional change and political conflict: Evaluating alternative explanations of electoral reform in Costa Rica
The Costa Rican general elections of 6 February 1994
The election of 1994 in El Salvador
The Institutional Foundations of Democratic Cooperation in Costa Rica
Costa Rica's long-term standing as one of the few countries in Latin America with a stable democracy has prompted many to view its polity as an inevitable outcome of a racially homogeneous and relatively egalitarian society. Without ignoring the importance of sociological factors, this article contends that institutional arrangements played an equally important - if not more central - role in the development of a stable democratic regime in this …
La competencia política y el fraude electoral: Un Caso Latinoamericano
Political Competition and Electoral Fraud: A Latin American Case Study
Legal petitions to nullify electoral results comprise a rich source for studying electoral fraud. During a fifty-year period in Costa Rica, parties submitted 120 petitions to Congress, containing more than 1,200 charges of fraud. The petitions reveal that between 1901 and 1938, more than half of such accusations took place in the country's peripheral provinces, where roughly 20 percent of voters lived. They also show that institutional changes he…
Institutionalizing Democracy: Constraint and Ambition in the Politics of Electoral Reform
Why do politicians reform the institutions that keep them in power?Why do they relinquish the ability to rig elections?The nonfraudulent 1988 Chilean plebiscite triggered the collapse of General Pinochet's sixteen year dictatorship.The fairness of the 1997 legislative elections in Mexico signaled the end of the PRI's sixty year stranglehold of the state.Fair elections typically result in the end of dictatorship and often a shift in government pri…
Instituciones democráticas y conflictos políticos en Costa Rica
Stuffing the Ballot Box: Fraud, Electoral Reform, and Democratization in Costa Rica
Stuffing the Ballot Box is a pioneering study of electoral fraud and reform. It focuses on Costa Rica, a country where parties gradually transformed a fraud-ridden political system into one renowned for its stability and fair elections by the mid-twentieth century. Lehoucq and Molina draw upon a unique database of more than 1,300 accusations of ballot-rigging to show that parties denounced fraud where electoral laws made the struggle for power mo…
Does Privatization Protect Natural Resources? Property Rights and Forests in Guatemala
Objectives . Property rights are central to debates about natural resource policy. Governments traditionally have been seen as the appropriate custodians of natural resources for their citizens. More recently, many argue the privatization of property rights will ensure that users have incentives to manage their resources well. Common property, to the extent it is discussed at all, is seen as leading to the tragedy of the commons. We evaluate thes…
Can Parties Police Themselves? Electoral Governance and Democratization
This article outlines the logic and consequences of the classical theory of electoral governance. By empowering the executive with the administration of elections and the legislature with the certification of the vote tally, the theory expected elected officials to generate widely acceptable election results. This article argues that the classical theory breaks down when the same party controls the executive and the legislature. Developments in s…
The 1999 elections in Guatemala
Electoralfraud: Causes, Types, and Consequences
This article reviews research on electoral fraud-clandestine and illegal efforts to shape election results. Only a handful of works classify reports on electoral fraud to identify its nature, magnitude, and causes. This review therefore looks at the larger number of historical works (as well as some ethnographies and surveys) that discuss ballot rigging. Its conclusions are threefold. First, fraud takes on a panoply of forms; it ranges from proce…
Democracy in Latin America: (Re)constructing Political Society
Democracy in Latin America examines democratic transition and consolidation in post-authoritarian and post-civil war Latin America. The norm of democracy is becoming embedded in regional and national politics. The authors of this volume suggest, however, that the journey to meaningful democracy is unfinished
The Politics of Decentralized Natural Resource Governance
As human populations and their demands on natural resources continue to grow, citizens and officials from around the world search ever more intensely for effective solutions to environmental problems. Various factors conspire to make natural resources difficult to govern well. First, since many larger scale natural resources can be common pool resources, they pose different—and arguably more difficult—challenges to governance than private or publ…
Explaining voter turnout rates in new democracies: Guatemala
The Romance of Democracy: Compliant Defiance in Contemporary Mexico
Costa Rica: Paradise in Doubt
Latin America's oldest democracy is undergoing a crisis of confidence, one made manifest by the recent jailing of two former presidents on corruption charges. This paper analyzes how changing electoral preferencesis behind the disintegration of the two-party system. It examines how citizen dissatisfaction is rooted in the difficulty of overseeing more than one hundred autonomous institutions responsible for a wide array of governmental functions.…
Measuring Political Democracy: Case Expertise, Data Adequacy, and Central America
Recent writings concerning measurement of political democracy offer sophisticated discussions of problems of conceptualization, operationalization, and aggregation. Yet they have less to say about the error that derives from the use of inaccurate, partial, or misleading data sources. Drawing on evidence from five Central American countries, the authors show this data-induced measurement error compromises the validity of the principal, long-term c…
Constitutional Design and Democratic Performance in Latin America
VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee , Seite 370 - 390
Ethnic Conflict and Political Institutions
(2006). Ethnic Conflict and Political Institutions. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 297-298
Municipal politics and forest governance: Comparative analysis of decentralization in Bolivia and Guatemala
Exchange: Different Times, Different Demands
In recent decades, Costa Rican society has evolved and become less deferential. Thus, political arrangements that worked well in the past no longer meet the countryâ s needs
The Third Wave of Democracy: Findings and Implications
The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America: Advances and Setbacks. Edited by Frances Hagopian and Scott P. Mainwaring. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. 432. La eleccion presidencial mediante doble vuelta en Latinoamerica. Ed ited by Rafael Martinez. Barcelona: Institut de Ciencies Politiques i So cials, 2004. Pp. 588. Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook. Edited by Dieter Nohlen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.…
Political science (41 works) · Law (35 works) · Politics (30 works) · Economics (22 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Law (20 works) · Political economy (20 works) · Politics and Society in Latin America (19 works) · Democracy (18 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (8 works)