Ivan Marchenko
Biographic Data
| ID | 72198 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ivan Marchenko |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ivan |
| FAMILY NAME | Marchenko |
| SIGNATURE | MARCHENKO I |
| AFFILIATIONS | Kuban State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7319-5214 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 29 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Morphological Characteristics of Maeotian Horses
A comparative morphometric analysis of postcranial skeletal elements of horses from 12 archaeological sites in the North Caucasus belonging to the Maeotian culture was conducted. Data from seven of these sites were published here for the first time. The external features of the animals were reconstructed, and the extent and direction of their morphological changes over the studied period were described using several statistical methods. A distinc…
Funeral Rites of Equestrian Burials at the Prikubansky Burial Ground
In the Maeotian Prikubansky burial ground, dated to the 4th — early 3rd century BC, 28 horsemen’s burials were investigated, most of them accompanied by horses. The burials were made in wide rectangular pits, some of which contained coffins. The buried, mostly mature men, were laid extended on their backs, predominantly oriented toward the eastern sector. Horses aged between two and ten years were placed beside the deceased, either on the belly o…
Cataphract Burials from a Burial Ground near the Village of Leninokhabl
In 1975, three complexes were investigated in a burial ground near the village of Leninokhabl, that can be attributed to cataphract burials. They contained iron chain-mail, helmets, and weapons. Iron bits with cheekpieces were found beside the horsescheekpieces. Rich burial no. 31 contained three horses. In addition to a rider armed with a sword, a second person was buried here. Among the grave goods were an iron candelabrum, a silver kantharos, …
Equestrian and Horsemen Burials of the 4th – 3rd Centuries Bc From the Burial Ground of Starokorsunskaya-2 Settlement
Fifteen horsemen burials dating to the 4th – 3rd centuries BC were excavated at the Starokorsunskoye-2 burial ground. The burials were made in wide rectangular pits, occasionally discernible only as soil discolorations. The deceased horsemen were interred stretched out on their backs, with their heads to the southeast or east-southeast. The buried were accompanied by horses, placed to the right or at the feet of the owner. In some cases, the whol…
New Materials on Sarmatian Tamga-Signs
8 artifacts with Sarmatian tamgas, which have not yet attracted attention or require additional analysis, are considered. Most of them were not identified by colleagues as tamgas. The signs are presented in chronological order, from the 2nd‐1st centuries BCE to the 4th‐5th c. CE, throughout the territory of Sarmatia from Western Kazakhstan to Romania. These were (except plot 8) household items; of the imported Greek-Roman artifacts, only vessels …
On the Chronology of Lamellar Bronze Protective Headpieces for Horses
Lamellar protective headpieces for horses from the Kuban region and the Central Ciscaucasia are divided into two types. The article analyses the Maeotian complexes, for which the period of use of headpieces is determined within the middle to the second half of the 4th — the first half of the 3rd century BC. Headpieces of both types are accompanied by finds of bridles with cross-shaped cheek-pieces of variant B, the chronology of which is based on…
Maeotian Wheelshaped Cheek-pieces
The wheel-shaped cheek-pieces appeared and developed as a type among the Maeotians of the Kuban region. Cheek-pieces can be classified as either mobile or immobile based on how they are attached to the bits. Mobile ones were put on the bits through a hole in the centre of the cross-member. The end of the bridle was bent into a loop. The immobile ones were rigidly fixed on the ends of the bits, and the belt loop was welded separately. Methods of c…
Armament of the Maeotian Horsemen of the 4th Century BC (Based on Materials from the Prikubansky Burial Ground)
The horsemen, whose graves were discovered in the Prikubansky burial ground, represented the elite of the Maeotian army. Weapons were found in 28 burials. The main types of weapons were iron swords, spearheads, and arrowheads. Swords of the Sindo-Maeotian type were found in 26 burials, and in four burials there were two swords of different lengths. The swords differ in the blade width, the design of the transition space between the guard and the …
Grey-Clay Jugs and Mug-Jugs with Looped Handle from Mаeotian Sites of the Krasnodar Group
Each period of the Mаeotian culture of the Kuban region is characterized by certain types of locally produced grey-clay pottery. In the first centuries AD, vessels with small loop handles were widespread. The present study proposes a typology of two types of vessels of this group: three types of jugs and six types of mug-jugs are distinguished. The general chronology of the types, based on the joint finds of fibulae and mirror-pendants, is limite…
Gray-clay Kantharoi of the Maeotians
The Maeotian gray-clay kantharoi are replicas of black-glazed vessels that were imported during the Hellenistic period. In this article, three types of gray-clay kantharoi are examined, all of which have a conical foot and display features influenced by Hellenistic designs. The first type of kantharoi is linked to classical Attic kantharoi with spikes on the handles, and the 'early' series of these specimens show the most obvious signs of replica…
Maeotian Gray Clay Cups of the 4th – 3rd Centuries BC
The article is devoted to the typology and chronology of gray clay cups from the Maeotian burial grounds on the right bank of the Kuban river. Type 1 refers to biconical cups with a high, narrow neck widening upwards (30 items). A little over half of the studied vessels come from assemblages with a wide chronological range dating back to the 4th and early 3rd centuries BC, where they are accompanied by swords of the Sindian-Maeotian type or sets …
Gray-clay Fish Plates from the Maeotian Burial Grounds on the Right Bank of the Kuban River
In the 4th cent. BC, under the influence of ancient cultural and pottery traditions, new forms and types of vessels appeared among the Maeotians, including fish plates. In this work, 26 fish plates from three Maeotian sites are collected — burial grounds of the Elizavetinskaya settlement, Prikubansky and Lebedi 3. The plates are divided into three groups according to the main method of design of their rim: I — with an overhanging rim; II — with a…
Burial with Greek imports of the Late Classical period from the burial ground of the Starokorsunskaya settlement no. 2
Maeotian grey-ware amphorae
Maeotian Burial with the “Eye-glass”-shaped Cheek-pieces
In the Maeotian burial ground on the northern bank of the Krasnodar storage reservoir (right bank of the Kuban River), a burial was excavated containing three pairs of iron bits with cheek-pieces. Two pairs of cheek-pieces are of the “eye-glass”-shaped type. Cheek-pieces of a similar design, both iron and bronze, were quite often used by the Sarmatians of the Northern Black Sea region, the Volga region and the Don region, but they were not widesp…
Maeotian Vases and Lekanes
The paper examines a small series of two-handled gray-clay vases and lekanes from the Maeotian sites of the Kuban region. All the vessels were made on rapidly rotating pottery wheels. Greek amphorae, found together with the vessels in the same burials, allow us to determine precise chronological framework for each complex and vessel type. The main common specific feature of the vases type is two vertical arched handles located on the rim. These v…
The Burial With Knidian Amphorae From the Burial Ground of Starokorsunskaya Settlement No. 2
В погребении No 381в были найдены две амфоры Книда, лепные и сероглиняные сосуды меотского производства, предметы туалета и украшения. Первая амфора (No 6) - полностандартная, «пифоидного» варианта II типа, по строгим хронологическим привязкам датируется в пределах 320-310-х гг. Вторая (No 3) - фракционная, аналогии ей пока не известны. Первая амфора дает возможность не только надежно датировать погребение, но и уточнить хронологию отдельных пред…
Horse Bridle Assemblage from the Maeotian Burial on the Right Bank of the Kuban River
The paper presents an overview of a unique Maeotian horse bridle assemblage from the cemetery of Starokorsunskaya settlement No. 2 located on the right bank of the Kuban river. The horse was buried lying with its abdomen in a ventral position, its legs folded up underneath its abdomen, its face turned east-north-east. The eastern part of the burial construction was damaged and collapsed into the storage reservoir. It is possible that the person‘s…
Swords and Daggers Without a Metal Pommel from the Meotian Sites of the Right Bank of the Kuban
The article is devoted to typology and chronology of swords and daggers without a metal pommel from the Maeotian cemeteries of the right bank of the Kuban. We took into account 57 pieces of this type of weapon from closed complexes. In this paper, we use the typological scheme of A.M. Khazanov, developed on the materials of the Sarmatian armament. The Maeotian swords and daggers of mentioned group are divided into three types: 1 – swords and dagg…
The Graves of Maeotian Horsemen with Dogs from the Prikubansky Burial Ground
31 horsemen burials were excavated at the Prikubansky burial ground in 1998—2001, among which 10 burials with dogs stand out. These burials date from different quarters of the 4 th century BC, as suggested by the amphorae and black-glazed vessels. The position of the horse in the burial is to the right or to the left of the person. Archaeozoological study of bone remains made it possible to establish that the Maeotian riders used mainly medium-si…
Crypt of the Roman Times from the Barrow Necropolis of Vinogradnoe-7 Settlement on the Taman Peninsula
The authors publish and study items from the crypt, discovered in one of the burial mounds of the necropolis located on the Phanagoria Chora. The crypt, built around the middle of the 1st century AD, was used for 50-70 years. In the early period of the crypt's existence (mid-third quarter of the 1st century AD), 6-7 burials were made, and fully robbed later. The next one was burial III in the southern part of the chamber. This burial was also rob…
Сhronology of the Armlets With Conical Cone Ends From the Mаeotian Sites of the Kuban Region
Currently there is a need to develop of regional chronological schemes for certain categories and types of archaeological finds. The bronze armlets with the conical cones at the ends can be quite reliable chronological indicators for the assemblages of the first centuries AD in case of lack of other possibilities for dating. The assemblages with armlets from the Maeotian burial grounds of the Kuban region are analyzed in the paper. The published …
Chronology of Swords with a Crescent-Shaped Top from Maeotian Burial Grounds
Introduction. Swords with a crescent-shaped top in Maeotian burials are meet less often than swords of the Sindic-Maeotian type from the 4th – early 3rd centuries BC. Methods and materials. The authors use the traditional typological method. The material comes from Maeotian sites. Analysis. There are three forms of crescent-shaped tops: classical crescent-shaped, V-shaped and half-ring top. In the sites of the right bank of the Kuban 10 swords wi…
Рельефная «мегарская» чаша c Елизаветинского городища
The article is devoted to a moldmade “megarion” bowl accidentally found at the territory of Maeotian fortified settlement at Elizavetinskaya Cossack village (Prikubansky District of Krasnodar city). The vessel is attributed to the class of relief bowls with vegetal and floral ornament. The allocation of the ornament in horizontal zones is peculiar to bowls of “Ephesian-Ionian” group. Its shape and proportions are more compliant to Attic examples.…
Chronology of the Swords with Ring Pommel from the Maeotian Sites on the Right Bank of Kuban River
The article focuses on the chronological analysis of the Maeotian burials, which contained ring-topped swords. Nowadays, there is a wide range of dating of this type of weapon starting from the 1st century BC until the 2nd century AD. Recently, as a result of new excavations, the collection of swords of this type extracted from the Maeotian sites on the right bank of the Kuban river has increased significantly, and it has become possible to clari…
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Horse Forehead Pieces From the Kuban Region
The article describes forehead pieces used to protect the front part of a horse's head during battle. Two types of forehead piece are distinguished: (1) pieces with a round convex upper part decorated with concentric circles and a trapezoidal elongated lower part with concave lateral sides; (2) pieces with symmetrical fan-like ends and concave lateral sides. New archaeological material makes it possible to date the use of such head pieces within …
Chronology of the Burials with Animal-Style Horse Harness from the Prikubansky Burial Ground
The paper presents the description of findings – horse bronze cheekpieces and forehead pieces – from the Prikubansky burial ground (the Krasnodar region). This burial ground is a standard of the Maeotian culture of the 4th – early 3rd cc. BC. More than 350 burials with amphorae and black glazed ceramic vessels have been discovered in this burial ground. The sets of the horse harness with the iron bit, bronze cheekpieces and forehead pieces made i…
Maeotian Burials with Glass Skyphos of the Zubovsky Type
In 1995, an article by I.P. Zasetskaya and I.I. Marchenko dedicated to the classification of glass kantharoi (skyphos and cups) of the Late Hellenistic and Roman times was published. This work covered vessels, which were kept in various museums around the world, but most of the vessels come from rich Sarmatian and Maeotian burials of the Kuban region. These days many archaeologists have successfully applied this classification. This work is devot…
The Sarmatian Burial from “Kirpichnyy” Barrow in Kuban Region
The paper is devoted to the rich Sarmatian burial from the destroyed mound. The burial was a pit with overlapping of narrow wooden poles or boards. The skeleton was laid stretched on its back, the skull was oriented to SSW. Sheep bones and an iron knife were located at the feet, near the pit wall. The assemblage of grave goods is quite various and informative: a bronze mirror, gold bracelets and earrings, necklaces with cornelian and chalcedony b…
Сhronology of the Armlets With Conical Cone Ends From the Mаeotian Sites of the Kuban Region
Currently there is a need to develop of regional chronological schemes for certain categories and types of archaeological finds. The bronze armlets with the conical cones at the ends can be quite reliable chronological indicators for the assemblages of the first centuries AD in case of lack of other possibilities for dating. The assemblages with armlets from the Maeotian burial grounds of the Kuban region are analyzed in the paper. The published …
Chronology of Swords with a Crescent-Shaped Top from Maeotian Burial Grounds
Introduction. Swords with a crescent-shaped top in Maeotian burials are meet less often than swords of the Sindic-Maeotian type from the 4th – early 3rd centuries BC. Methods and materials. The authors use the traditional typological method. The material comes from Maeotian sites. Analysis. There are three forms of crescent-shaped tops: classical crescent-shaped, V-shaped and half-ring top. In the sites of the right bank of the Kuban 10 swords wi…
Рельефная «мегарская» чаша c Елизаветинского городища
The article is devoted to a moldmade “megarion” bowl accidentally found at the territory of Maeotian fortified settlement at Elizavetinskaya Cossack village (Prikubansky District of Krasnodar city). The vessel is attributed to the class of relief bowls with vegetal and floral ornament. The allocation of the ornament in horizontal zones is peculiar to bowls of “Ephesian-Ionian” group. Its shape and proportions are more compliant to Attic examples.…
Chronology of the Swords with Ring Pommel from the Maeotian Sites on the Right Bank of Kuban River
The article focuses on the chronological analysis of the Maeotian burials, which contained ring-topped swords. Nowadays, there is a wide range of dating of this type of weapon starting from the 1st century BC until the 2nd century AD. Recently, as a result of new excavations, the collection of swords of this type extracted from the Maeotian sites on the right bank of the Kuban river has increased significantly, and it has become possible to clari…
Swords and Daggers Without a Metal Pommel from the Meotian Sites of the Right Bank of the Kuban
The article is devoted to typology and chronology of swords and daggers without a metal pommel from the Maeotian cemeteries of the right bank of the Kuban. We took into account 57 pieces of this type of weapon from closed complexes. In this paper, we use the typological scheme of A.M. Khazanov, developed on the materials of the Sarmatian armament. The Maeotian swords and daggers of mentioned group are divided into three types: 1 – swords and dagg…
The Graves of Maeotian Horsemen with Dogs from the Prikubansky Burial Ground
31 horsemen burials were excavated at the Prikubansky burial ground in 1998—2001, among which 10 burials with dogs stand out. These burials date from different quarters of the 4 th century BC, as suggested by the amphorae and black-glazed vessels. The position of the horse in the burial is to the right or to the left of the person. Archaeozoological study of bone remains made it possible to establish that the Maeotian riders used mainly medium-si…
Crypt of the Roman Times from the Barrow Necropolis of Vinogradnoe-7 Settlement on the Taman Peninsula
The authors publish and study items from the crypt, discovered in one of the burial mounds of the necropolis located on the Phanagoria Chora. The crypt, built around the middle of the 1st century AD, was used for 50-70 years. In the early period of the crypt's existence (mid-third quarter of the 1st century AD), 6-7 burials were made, and fully robbed later. The next one was burial III in the southern part of the chamber. This burial was also rob…
Burial with Greek imports of the Late Classical period from the burial ground of the Starokorsunskaya settlement no. 2
Maeotian grey-ware amphorae
Maeotian Burial with the “Eye-glass”-shaped Cheek-pieces
In the Maeotian burial ground on the northern bank of the Krasnodar storage reservoir (right bank of the Kuban River), a burial was excavated containing three pairs of iron bits with cheek-pieces. Two pairs of cheek-pieces are of the “eye-glass”-shaped type. Cheek-pieces of a similar design, both iron and bronze, were quite often used by the Sarmatians of the Northern Black Sea region, the Volga region and the Don region, but they were not widesp…
Maeotian Vases and Lekanes
The paper examines a small series of two-handled gray-clay vases and lekanes from the Maeotian sites of the Kuban region. All the vessels were made on rapidly rotating pottery wheels. Greek amphorae, found together with the vessels in the same burials, allow us to determine precise chronological framework for each complex and vessel type. The main common specific feature of the vases type is two vertical arched handles located on the rim. These v…
The Burial With Knidian Amphorae From the Burial Ground of Starokorsunskaya Settlement No. 2
В погребении No 381в были найдены две амфоры Книда, лепные и сероглиняные сосуды меотского производства, предметы туалета и украшения. Первая амфора (No 6) - полностандартная, «пифоидного» варианта II типа, по строгим хронологическим привязкам датируется в пределах 320-310-х гг. Вторая (No 3) - фракционная, аналогии ей пока не известны. Первая амфора дает возможность не только надежно датировать погребение, но и уточнить хронологию отдельных пред…
Horse Bridle Assemblage from the Maeotian Burial on the Right Bank of the Kuban River
The paper presents an overview of a unique Maeotian horse bridle assemblage from the cemetery of Starokorsunskaya settlement No. 2 located on the right bank of the Kuban river. The horse was buried lying with its abdomen in a ventral position, its legs folded up underneath its abdomen, its face turned east-north-east. The eastern part of the burial construction was damaged and collapsed into the storage reservoir. It is possible that the person‘s…
Maeotian Gray Clay Cups of the 4th – 3rd Centuries BC
The article is devoted to the typology and chronology of gray clay cups from the Maeotian burial grounds on the right bank of the Kuban river. Type 1 refers to biconical cups with a high, narrow neck widening upwards (30 items). A little over half of the studied vessels come from assemblages with a wide chronological range dating back to the 4th and early 3rd centuries BC, where they are accompanied by swords of the Sindian-Maeotian type or sets …
Gray-clay Fish Plates from the Maeotian Burial Grounds on the Right Bank of the Kuban River
In the 4th cent. BC, under the influence of ancient cultural and pottery traditions, new forms and types of vessels appeared among the Maeotians, including fish plates. In this work, 26 fish plates from three Maeotian sites are collected — burial grounds of the Elizavetinskaya settlement, Prikubansky and Lebedi 3. The plates are divided into three groups according to the main method of design of their rim: I — with an overhanging rim; II — with a…
Armament of the Maeotian Horsemen of the 4th Century BC (Based on Materials from the Prikubansky Burial Ground)
The horsemen, whose graves were discovered in the Prikubansky burial ground, represented the elite of the Maeotian army. Weapons were found in 28 burials. The main types of weapons were iron swords, spearheads, and arrowheads. Swords of the Sindo-Maeotian type were found in 26 burials, and in four burials there were two swords of different lengths. The swords differ in the blade width, the design of the transition space between the guard and the …
Grey-Clay Jugs and Mug-Jugs with Looped Handle from Mаeotian Sites of the Krasnodar Group
Each period of the Mаeotian culture of the Kuban region is characterized by certain types of locally produced grey-clay pottery. In the first centuries AD, vessels with small loop handles were widespread. The present study proposes a typology of two types of vessels of this group: three types of jugs and six types of mug-jugs are distinguished. The general chronology of the types, based on the joint finds of fibulae and mirror-pendants, is limite…
Gray-clay Kantharoi of the Maeotians
The Maeotian gray-clay kantharoi are replicas of black-glazed vessels that were imported during the Hellenistic period. In this article, three types of gray-clay kantharoi are examined, all of which have a conical foot and display features influenced by Hellenistic designs. The first type of kantharoi is linked to classical Attic kantharoi with spikes on the handles, and the 'early' series of these specimens show the most obvious signs of replica…
Equestrian and Horsemen Burials of the 4th – 3rd Centuries Bc From the Burial Ground of Starokorsunskaya-2 Settlement
Fifteen horsemen burials dating to the 4th – 3rd centuries BC were excavated at the Starokorsunskoye-2 burial ground. The burials were made in wide rectangular pits, occasionally discernible only as soil discolorations. The deceased horsemen were interred stretched out on their backs, with their heads to the southeast or east-southeast. The buried were accompanied by horses, placed to the right or at the feet of the owner. In some cases, the whol…
New Materials on Sarmatian Tamga-Signs
8 artifacts with Sarmatian tamgas, which have not yet attracted attention or require additional analysis, are considered. Most of them were not identified by colleagues as tamgas. The signs are presented in chronological order, from the 2nd‐1st centuries BCE to the 4th‐5th c. CE, throughout the territory of Sarmatia from Western Kazakhstan to Romania. These were (except plot 8) household items; of the imported Greek-Roman artifacts, only vessels …
On the Chronology of Lamellar Bronze Protective Headpieces for Horses
Lamellar protective headpieces for horses from the Kuban region and the Central Ciscaucasia are divided into two types. The article analyses the Maeotian complexes, for which the period of use of headpieces is determined within the middle to the second half of the 4th — the first half of the 3rd century BC. Headpieces of both types are accompanied by finds of bridles with cross-shaped cheek-pieces of variant B, the chronology of which is based on…
Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (26 works) · Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History (21 works) · Archaeology (20 works) · Art (16 works) · Geography (16 works) · History (15 works) · Ancient history (14 works) · Chronology (13 works) · Geology (13 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (7 works)