W W Holland
Biographic Data
| ID | 722106 |
|---|---|
| NAME | W W Holland |
| GIVEN NAMES | W W |
| FAMILY NAME | Holland |
| SIGNATURE | HOLLAND W W |
| AFFILIATIONS | St Thomas' Hospital |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 16 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 29 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1947 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Public health
Optic pathway glioma (OPG) is a rare neoplasm and a defining feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a tumor suppressor genetic disorder. OPG predominantly arises during childhood. In contrast to sporadic OPG, this neoplasm frequently appears to show a more favorable course. Outcome appears to depend on localization of tumor; however, the correlation of imaging findings and visual acuity is in general low. Treatment for symptomatic OPG is not …
Air pollution and other local factors in respiratory disease—Fairbairn and Reid, 1959
Evaluating the national health service reforms
The hazards of epidemiology
The hazards of epidemiology. W W HollandCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.85.5.616 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Commentary
President Clinton recently announced his reform plan for health care in the United States. The United Kingdom, along with other countries, has already enacted reforms in an effort to overcome the basic problem of having insufficient funds to provide a health service to meet modern demands. This paper briefly describes the recent health reforms in the United Kingdom and highlights some lessons for the United States, which include the need to choos…
Chronic respiratory diseases
If this is true of diet and smoking it is even more true of the social environment: housing, the nature or work, education, social relationships.The research agenda for public health now should not only ask how best to achieve change in unhealthy behaviours but how to identify the social and economic causes of ill health, whether they act by affecting behaviours or by other means related to the environment; whether they act in adulthood or whethe…
Respiratory effects of lowering tar and nicotine levels of cigarettes smoked by young male middle tar smokers. I. Design of a randomised controlled trial
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the effect on respiratory health of male middle tar smokers changing the tar and nicotine levels of the cigarettes they smoke for a six month period. DESIGN--This was a randomised controlled trial. Middle tar smokers were randomly allocated to smoke one of three different types of cigarette (low tar, middle nicotine; middle tar, middle nicotine; and low tar, low nicotine) in place of their usual cigaret…
Respiratory effects of lowering tar and nicotine levels of cigarettes smoked by young male middle tar smokers. II. Results of a randomised controlled trial
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the effect on respiratory health of male middle tar smokers changing the tar and nicotine levels of the cigarettes they smoke for a six month period. DESIGN--This was a randomised controlled trial. Middle tar smokers were randomly allocated to smoke one of three different types of cigarette (low tar, middle nicotine; middle tar, middle nicotine; and low tar, low nicotine) in place of their usual cigaret…
Equity and medical practice variation
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate relationships for residents of English district health authorities between rates of discharges from acute hospitals for all conditions and variations in discharge rates for eight common conditions (five surgical, three medical). DESIGN--Hospital Inpatient Enquiry data on discharges for 1984 were analysed. Standardised discharge ratios (ratios of actual to expected numbers of discharges x 100) were deriv…
Can hospital use be a measure of need for health care
To achieve an equitable distribution of health service resources between geographical areas requires a measure of the relative needs of populations. For 11 years the methods of the Resource Allocation
Geographical Variation in Mortality From Conditions Amenable to Medical Intervention in England and Wales
Measurement of Levels of Health
Influence of family factors on asthma and wheezing during the first five years of life
Family factors associated with the incidence of asthma and wheezing during childhood have been studied in a cohort of over 2000 children who, together with their families, were followed-up for five years. Episodes of wheezing not regarded by the parents as asthma had a different pattern of association with family factors to that found for asthma. The outcome of the two conditions in terms of ventilatory function at the age of five years was also …
Influence of personal and family factors on ventilatory function of children
We wanted to assess the relative influence of various personal and family factors upon the development of ventilatory function in young children. The relationship of several such factors to peak expiratory flow rates measured at the age of five years was studied in 454 children. These children were members of a birth cohort born between 1963 and 1965 in Harrow, north-west London, who were examined regularly from birth through the first five years…
Influence of family factors on the incidence of lower respiratory illness during the first year of life
In a study of a cohort of over 2000 children born between 1963 and 1965, the incidence of bronchitis and pneumonia during their first year of life was found to be associated with several family factors. The most important determinant of respiratory illness in these infants was an attack of bronchitis or pneumonia in a sibling. The age of these siblings, and their number, also contributed to this incidence. Parental respiratory symptoms, including…
Asthma in schoolchildren. Demographic associations and peak expiratory flow rates compared in children with bronchitis
The frequency of asthma in 10 971 school-children between the ages of 5 and 14 years was reported by their parents to be 3-8%. Of these, 20-7% were said to have had bronchitis, 5-9% pneumonia, and 4-7% eczema. Asthma was reported more commonly in boys than girls and was greatest in children of social classes I and II. One-third of the children were reported to have their first attack before the age of 2 years. Few (18%) first attacks started afte…
Influence of some social and environmental factors on the nutrient intake and nutritional status of schoolchildren
Only children had significantly higher intakes of many nutrients and nutrients/1000 kcal than other children. A higher proportion of only children was found to be obese. There were no significant differences according to birthrank in intakes by children. There were more obese children among the fatherless than those with fathers, in particular among those whose mothers were widowed. However, this was not accounted for by the present dietary findi…
School meals and the nutrition of schoolchildren
The contribution of school meals to the nutrition of 778 primary and secondary schoolchildren attending schools in Kent was assessed using information collected during a survey made in 1968-70 which included a weighed diet record, a socioeconomic questionnaire, and a medical examination. Younger children, those from larger families, those without fathers, and those whose mothers worked were more likely to take school meals. Significantly more chi…
A survey of the nutritional status of schoolchildren. Relation between nutrient intake and socio-economic factors
In these cells half of the sample was drawn from the lowest quintile by weight and the other half from the upper four quintiles
A study of exposure to environmental temperatures in a population sample using the temperature Sami
Associations have been found between respiratory mortality and low temperature accompanied by high levels of humidity (Boyd, 1960) and between admission to hospital for acute respiratory disease and low temperature (Holland, Spicer, and Wilson, 1961; Holland and Spicer, 1966). These associ ations were most marked among those aged 45 or more years. In recent years there has been increasing concern about the problem of accidental hypo thermia, part…
Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of schoolchildren
The growth of children is governed by their internal metabolic and hormonal state, which is in turn dependent on hereditary, environmental, nutritional and psychological factors and any severe illness they may experience. The attained height and weight of children are the product of the accumu- lated effects of these factors acting since conception, and any study of the reasons for differences in height and weight among children of the same age i…
The use of hospitals by a defined population. A community and hospital study in North Lambeth
This present study is an attempt to estimate the hospital utilization of people living in a defined urban area. Results are presented of a house-to- house enquiry into hospital usage. An attempt has been made to estimate the response errors of such an enquiry and to indicate how the results of a hospital survey by the Bailey method might be expected to differ from the results of a house-to- house survey
Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function
Care of old people in residential homes
in his book "The Last Refugea survey of residential institutions and homes for the aged in England and Wales", painted a disturbing picture of the care received by old people in this country. The purpose of this investigation was to see whether it was possible to make an objective assessment of the adequacies, or the inadequacies, of the residential care given to old people
A comparison of two respiratory symptoms questionnaires
It is generally recognized that, in epidemiological studies, the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, and particularly of the early stages of the condition, is an uncertain process which depends essentially upon symptomatic inquiry of the subject.In such studies it is important that the techniques of inquiry should be standardized (Cochrane, Chapman, and Oldham, 1951) so that the results obtained by different investigators in different populations ma…
The hazards of epidemiology
The hazards of epidemiology. W W HollandCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.85.5.616 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Can hospital use be a measure of need for health care
To achieve an equitable distribution of health service resources between geographical areas requires a measure of the relative needs of populations. For 11 years the methods of the Resource Allocation
Public health
Optic pathway glioma (OPG) is a rare neoplasm and a defining feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a tumor suppressor genetic disorder. OPG predominantly arises during childhood. In contrast to sporadic OPG, this neoplasm frequently appears to show a more favorable course. Outcome appears to depend on localization of tumor; however, the correlation of imaging findings and visual acuity is in general low. Treatment for symptomatic OPG is not …
Commentary
President Clinton recently announced his reform plan for health care in the United States. The United Kingdom, along with other countries, has already enacted reforms in an effort to overcome the basic problem of having insufficient funds to provide a health service to meet modern demands. This paper briefly describes the recent health reforms in the United Kingdom and highlights some lessons for the United States, which include the need to choos…
Respiratory effects of lowering tar and nicotine levels of cigarettes smoked by young male middle tar smokers. I. Design of a randomised controlled trial
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the effect on respiratory health of male middle tar smokers changing the tar and nicotine levels of the cigarettes they smoke for a six month period. DESIGN--This was a randomised controlled trial. Middle tar smokers were randomly allocated to smoke one of three different types of cigarette (low tar, middle nicotine; middle tar, middle nicotine; and low tar, low nicotine) in place of their usual cigaret…
Respiratory effects of lowering tar and nicotine levels of cigarettes smoked by young male middle tar smokers. II. Results of a randomised controlled trial
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the effect on respiratory health of male middle tar smokers changing the tar and nicotine levels of the cigarettes they smoke for a six month period. DESIGN--This was a randomised controlled trial. Middle tar smokers were randomly allocated to smoke one of three different types of cigarette (low tar, middle nicotine; middle tar, middle nicotine; and low tar, low nicotine) in place of their usual cigaret…
Equity and medical practice variation
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate relationships for residents of English district health authorities between rates of discharges from acute hospitals for all conditions and variations in discharge rates for eight common conditions (five surgical, three medical). DESIGN--Hospital Inpatient Enquiry data on discharges for 1984 were analysed. Standardised discharge ratios (ratios of actual to expected numbers of discharges x 100) were deriv…
Influence of family factors on the incidence of lower respiratory illness during the first year of life
In a study of a cohort of over 2000 children born between 1963 and 1965, the incidence of bronchitis and pneumonia during their first year of life was found to be associated with several family factors. The most important determinant of respiratory illness in these infants was an attack of bronchitis or pneumonia in a sibling. The age of these siblings, and their number, also contributed to this incidence. Parental respiratory symptoms, including…
The Paradox of Nationalism
Journal Article The Paradox of Nationalism Get access The Paradox of Nationalism. An Epilogue to the Nuremberg Trials: Common-Sense Reflections in The Atomic Age. By Julius Braunthal. With an Introduction by Leonard Woolf. 1946. (London: The St. Botolph Publishing Company. 81⁄2′′ × 51⁄2′′. 104 pp. Index. 5s.) W. W. Holland W. W. Holland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 23, Issu…
Europe's Suicide in Germany
The German Problem and the Responsibility of Britain
Journal Article The German Problem and the Responsibility of Britain Get access The German Problem and the Responsibility of Britain. The Burge Memorial Lecture delivered in the Great School, Westminster School, December 3, 1947, by Robert Birley, Educational Adviser, British Zone, Germany, formerly Headmaster of Charterhouse. 1947. (London: S.C.M. Press. 7′′× 5′′. 32 pp. 1s.) W. W. Holland W. W. Holland Search for other works by this author on: …
Experiment in Education
Journal Article Experiment in Education: What we can learn from teaching Germany Get access Experiment in Education: What we can learn from teaching Germany. By William Ernest HockingChicago, Ill., Henry Regnery; London, Allen & Unwin, 1954. xvi+303 pp. Index. 81⁄2′′ × 53⁄4′′. $5. 35s. W. W. Holland W. W. Holland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 31, Issue 4, October 1955, Page …
A comparison of two respiratory symptoms questionnaires
It is generally recognized that, in epidemiological studies, the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, and particularly of the early stages of the condition, is an uncertain process which depends essentially upon symptomatic inquiry of the subject.In such studies it is important that the techniques of inquiry should be standardized (Cochrane, Chapman, and Oldham, 1951) so that the results obtained by different investigators in different populations ma…
Care of old people in residential homes
in his book "The Last Refugea survey of residential institutions and homes for the aged in England and Wales", painted a disturbing picture of the care received by old people in this country. The purpose of this investigation was to see whether it was possible to make an objective assessment of the adequacies, or the inadequacies, of the residential care given to old people
The use of hospitals by a defined population. A community and hospital study in North Lambeth
This present study is an attempt to estimate the hospital utilization of people living in a defined urban area. Results are presented of a house-to- house enquiry into hospital usage. An attempt has been made to estimate the response errors of such an enquiry and to indicate how the results of a hospital survey by the Bailey method might be expected to differ from the results of a house-to- house survey
Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function
Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of schoolchildren
The growth of children is governed by their internal metabolic and hormonal state, which is in turn dependent on hereditary, environmental, nutritional and psychological factors and any severe illness they may experience. The attained height and weight of children are the product of the accumu- lated effects of these factors acting since conception, and any study of the reasons for differences in height and weight among children of the same age i…
A study of exposure to environmental temperatures in a population sample using the temperature Sami
Associations have been found between respiratory mortality and low temperature accompanied by high levels of humidity (Boyd, 1960) and between admission to hospital for acute respiratory disease and low temperature (Holland, Spicer, and Wilson, 1961; Holland and Spicer, 1966). These associ ations were most marked among those aged 45 or more years. In recent years there has been increasing concern about the problem of accidental hypo thermia, part…
A survey of the nutritional status of schoolchildren. Relation between nutrient intake and socio-economic factors
In these cells half of the sample was drawn from the lowest quintile by weight and the other half from the upper four quintiles
Asthma in schoolchildren. Demographic associations and peak expiratory flow rates compared in children with bronchitis
The frequency of asthma in 10 971 school-children between the ages of 5 and 14 years was reported by their parents to be 3-8%. Of these, 20-7% were said to have had bronchitis, 5-9% pneumonia, and 4-7% eczema. Asthma was reported more commonly in boys than girls and was greatest in children of social classes I and II. One-third of the children were reported to have their first attack before the age of 2 years. Few (18%) first attacks started afte…
Influence of some social and environmental factors on the nutrient intake and nutritional status of schoolchildren
Only children had significantly higher intakes of many nutrients and nutrients/1000 kcal than other children. A higher proportion of only children was found to be obese. There were no significant differences according to birthrank in intakes by children. There were more obese children among the fatherless than those with fathers, in particular among those whose mothers were widowed. However, this was not accounted for by the present dietary findi…
School meals and the nutrition of schoolchildren
The contribution of school meals to the nutrition of 778 primary and secondary schoolchildren attending schools in Kent was assessed using information collected during a survey made in 1968-70 which included a weighed diet record, a socioeconomic questionnaire, and a medical examination. Younger children, those from larger families, those without fathers, and those whose mothers worked were more likely to take school meals. Significantly more chi…
Influence of family factors on asthma and wheezing during the first five years of life
Family factors associated with the incidence of asthma and wheezing during childhood have been studied in a cohort of over 2000 children who, together with their families, were followed-up for five years. Episodes of wheezing not regarded by the parents as asthma had a different pattern of association with family factors to that found for asthma. The outcome of the two conditions in terms of ventilatory function at the age of five years was also …
Influence of personal and family factors on ventilatory function of children
We wanted to assess the relative influence of various personal and family factors upon the development of ventilatory function in young children. The relationship of several such factors to peak expiratory flow rates measured at the age of five years was studied in 454 children. These children were members of a birth cohort born between 1963 and 1965 in Harrow, north-west London, who were examined regularly from birth through the first five years…
Influence of family factors on the incidence of lower respiratory illness during the first year of life
In a study of a cohort of over 2000 children born between 1963 and 1965, the incidence of bronchitis and pneumonia during their first year of life was found to be associated with several family factors. The most important determinant of respiratory illness in these infants was an attack of bronchitis or pneumonia in a sibling. The age of these siblings, and their number, also contributed to this incidence. Parental respiratory symptoms, including…
Measurement of Levels of Health
Geographical Variation in Mortality From Conditions Amenable to Medical Intervention in England and Wales
Can hospital use be a measure of need for health care
To achieve an equitable distribution of health service resources between geographical areas requires a measure of the relative needs of populations. For 11 years the methods of the Resource Allocation
Respiratory effects of lowering tar and nicotine levels of cigarettes smoked by young male middle tar smokers. I. Design of a randomised controlled trial
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the effect on respiratory health of male middle tar smokers changing the tar and nicotine levels of the cigarettes they smoke for a six month period. DESIGN--This was a randomised controlled trial. Middle tar smokers were randomly allocated to smoke one of three different types of cigarette (low tar, middle nicotine; middle tar, middle nicotine; and low tar, low nicotine) in place of their usual cigaret…
Respiratory effects of lowering tar and nicotine levels of cigarettes smoked by young male middle tar smokers. II. Results of a randomised controlled trial
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the effect on respiratory health of male middle tar smokers changing the tar and nicotine levels of the cigarettes they smoke for a six month period. DESIGN--This was a randomised controlled trial. Middle tar smokers were randomly allocated to smoke one of three different types of cigarette (low tar, middle nicotine; middle tar, middle nicotine; and low tar, low nicotine) in place of their usual cigaret…
Equity and medical practice variation
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate relationships for residents of English district health authorities between rates of discharges from acute hospitals for all conditions and variations in discharge rates for eight common conditions (five surgical, three medical). DESIGN--Hospital Inpatient Enquiry data on discharges for 1984 were analysed. Standardised discharge ratios (ratios of actual to expected numbers of discharges x 100) were deriv…
Chronic respiratory diseases
If this is true of diet and smoking it is even more true of the social environment: housing, the nature or work, education, social relationships.The research agenda for public health now should not only ask how best to achieve change in unhealthy behaviours but how to identify the social and economic causes of ill health, whether they act by affecting behaviours or by other means related to the environment; whether they act in adulthood or whethe…
Commentary
President Clinton recently announced his reform plan for health care in the United States. The United Kingdom, along with other countries, has already enacted reforms in an effort to overcome the basic problem of having insufficient funds to provide a health service to meet modern demands. This paper briefly describes the recent health reforms in the United Kingdom and highlights some lessons for the United States, which include the need to choos…
Medicine (25 works) · Environmental health (13 works) · Internal Medicine (11 works) · Internal Medicine (11 works) · Demography (8 works) · Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research (6 works) · Pediatrics (6 works) · Pediatrics (6 works) · Political science (6 works) · Population (6 works)