John D French
Biographic Data
| ID | 72592 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John D French |
| GIVEN NAMES | John D |
| FAMILY NAME | French |
| SIGNATURE | FRENCH J D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Duke University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5797-1305 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 79 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 101 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 78 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1957 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
O voto e a vida: Democracia, populismo e comunismo nas eleições de 1954 e 1962 em São Paulo
O Indestrutível e Inescrutável Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Resposta de John French aos textos dos comentadores da seção
Epilogue: Authoritarianism and the Specter of Democracy
Lula acquired a remarkably durable stature during the titanic battles of 1978-1980. Under his leadership, ABC's workers achieved an "incredible mobilizing force" as part of an unprecedented "politicization of the daily life of the subaltern". To everyone's surprise, including their own, workers had decided "the path of their own lives" via a mass movement that sought to universalize their collective and individual demands as a social class and as…
Common Men, Exceptional Politicians: What Do We Gain from an Embodied Social Biographical Approach to Leftist Leaders Like Germany's August Bebel and Brazil's Luis Inácio Lula da Silva
Lula and His Politics of Cunning explores the origin, roots, and evolution of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva's vision, discourse, and practice of leadership as a process of becoming. This commentary invites historians of labor movements and the left to think beyond their geographical and chronological specializations. It argues that there is much to gain from thinking globally if we wish to achieve meaningful causal insights applicable to the sweep of…
J effrey L. G ould . Solidarity under Siege: The Salvadoran Labor Movement, 1970–1990
Jeffrey L. Gould’s Solidarity under Siege: The Salvadoran Labor Movement, 1970–1990 is a fine-grained study of the working people at the heart of a little-known entrepreneurial success story in El Salvador when shrimp exports after 1960 came to generate one-third of the country’s export revenue and the port of El Triunfo swelled to over five thousand residents in 1970. This boom town proved an island of relative prosperity and peacefulness during…
Lula and His Politics of Cunning
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the focus of a roundtable review on John D. French's Lula and His Politics of Cunning: From Metalworker to President of Brazil. The reviewers offer a reading of Lula and his legacies from perspectives that range from LGBTQ+ studies to racial politics, including an analysis centered on the story of a humble man that rose from below, "a most exceptional common man," from his humble beginnings up to his election as presi…
A Poverty of Rights
FISCHER, Brodwyn. A Poverty of Rights: Citizenship and Inequality in Twentieth Century Rio de Janeiro. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2008. 464 2008. 464 p
Charisma's Birth from the Bottom Up: Lula, ABC's Metalworkers' Strikes and the Social History of Brazilian Politics
If David Bell in his book Men on Horseback (2020) focuses on what is political charisma, how it functions, and what it means 'to write its history', this article examines how Brazil's ex-President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva ('Lula') acquired charisma during the dramatic 1978-80 metalworkers' strikes in the industrial ABC region of São Paulo, Brazil. While generating a vast literature, scholars of the ABC strikes have evaded the question of how Lul…
From Dictatorship to the Brazilian New Republic in Crisis: Understanding Lula's Political Leadership
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Future of Progressive Politics in a Post-Fordist World
Writers don't know what they think until they write. Nor do they know what they've written until they see what colleagues have made of it in print. I have learned a great deal from the probing contributions to this roundtable by an admirably diverse group whose prior and future work has much to teach us about urban working-class life and popular politics. Curiously, I had never thought of describing Lula as a man “who fully lived through the rise…
Emília Viotti da Costa (1928-2017)
When Emília Viotti da Costa passed away on November 2, 2017, at the age of 89, the world lost a scientific poet of the past whose research, writing, and mentorship epitomized the best of the historical profession. She spent 13 years, from 1956 to 1969, at the University of São Paulo (USP), rising to tenured professor, followed by 25 years at Yale University (1973-98). In dozens of essays and three major books, Emília produced landmark research in…
Jacobins, Bolsheviks, and the Dream of Revolution: October 1917 in the Trajectory of a Brazilian Metalworker of African Descent
Bloody massacres, cruel killings, and monumental suffering are inextricably bound up with the world historical revolutions that defined the trajectory of global modernity: the French Revolution of 1789 and the Russian Revolution of 1917. The image of Jacobins and Bolsheviks, revolutionaries with hard hearts for dark times, symbolized the subversive ideologies of the two movements: the radically antifeudal “rights of man” liberalism of the former …
Deconstructing the Post-Neoliberal State: Intimate Perspectives on Contemporary Brazil
A tessitura dos direitos: Patrões e empregados na justiça do trabalho, 1953-1964
Nurturing Hope, Deepening Democracy, and Combating Inequalities in Brazil: Lula, the Workers' Party, and Dilma Rousseff's 2010 Election as President
In explaining the 2010 election of President Dilma Rousseff, John French and Alexandre Fortes explore the stunning success of the Brazilian Workers Party (PT) and its leader, Lula, former trade unionist, in winning a third consecutive presidential victory. In historical perspective, the authors examine the ways in which Lula's government (2002 – 10) represented a break with the past while summarizing its substantive achievements in redistributing…
When the Plumber(s) Come to Fix a Country: Doing Labor History in Brazil
Those with a sharp tongue might say that labor historians in contemporary Brazil operate in the shadows or, to be more accurate, the shadow cast by the success of Latin America's most famous trade unionist, who served as president from 2002–2010. The field's growth in the number and quality of practitioners, as well as the breadth of their ambitions, cannot be separated from the memorable metalworkers' strikes of 1979 and 1980, the subsequent def…
Kill the Americans
Book Review| January 01 2012 “Kill the Americans!”: The U.S. Government, Citizens, and Companies in Latin America from the Panama Canal to Plan Colombia Chomsky, Aviva, Linked Labor Histories: New England, Colombia, and the Making of a Global Working Class. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.Grandin, Greg, Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford's Forgotten Jungle City. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2009.Greene, Julie, The Canal Builders…
A 'Era Lula', as eleições presidenciais de 2010 e os desafios do pós-neoliberalismo
O artigo explora o impressionante sucesso do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) e do seu líder, o ex-sindicalista Lula, ao conquistar uma terceira vitória presidencial consecutiva com a eleição de Dilma Rousseff em 2010. Em perspectiva histórica, ele examina os modos como o governo Lula representou uma ruptura com o passado, resumindo suas realizações substantivas em termos de distribuição de renda e criação de oportunidades. Debatendo a relação entr…
Robert Jackson Alexander (1918 - 2010)
When I first entered the crowded Rutgers office of Robert Jackson Alexander a quarter-century ago, I had no idea what to expect from the man, officially an economist, whose books were required starting points for any scholar interested in the key forces and episodes of South American politics after World War II. I knew him as a prolific author who wrote the first books in English on numerous topics including Perón (The Perón Era, 1951), Latin Ame…
Latin America’s Left Turns: Politics, Policies, and Trajectories of Change
From the Inside Out: Citizenship and Democracy in Multinational States
Since the fall of communism, democracy has come to be seen as the ‘only game in town’– the only legitimate form of political system. Democracy is considered legitimate because it provides for individual rights and allows the people access to the resources of the state. If ‘we the people’ defines the limits of these entitlements, the next logical question is who are ‘the people’? In contemporary developed states, the problem of diversity is most o…
How the Not-So-Powerless Prevail: Industrial Labor Market Demand and the Contours of Militancy in Mid-Twentieth-Century São Paulo, Brazil
Extensive interviews and confidential police and judicial records are used to explore the life of Marcos Andreotti (1910-1984), a lifelong Communist labor leader active in the industrial ABC region of greater São Paulo. The intensified persecution faced by Andreotti in the early Cold War years is placed within the trajectory of Andreotti's working life as a skilled electrician. The labor market demand for skilled workers, it is shown, provided th…
Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins, Challenges, Prospects
Book Review| September 01 2009 Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins, Challenges, Prospects Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins, Challenges, Prospects Richard Sandbrook, Marc Edelman, Patrick Heller, and Judith Teichman Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007 ix + 289 pp., $92.00 (cloth); $36.99 (paper) John D. French John D. French Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Labor (2009) 6 (3): 120–12…
Linhas de montagem: O industrialismo nacional-desenvolvimentista e a sindicalizacao dos trabalhadores [Assembly Lines: National-Developmentalist Industrialism and the Unionization of the Workers]
Book Review| December 01 2009 Linhas de montagem: O industrialismo nacional-desenvolvimentista e a sindicalização dos trabalhadores [Assembly Lines: National-Developmentalist Industrialism and the Unionization of the Workers] Linhas de montagem: O industrialismo nacional-desenvolvimentista e a sindicalização dos trabalhadores [Assembly Lines: National-Developmentalist Industrialism and the Unionization of the Workers] Antonio Luigi Negro São Paul…
Crafting an International Legal Regime for Worker Rights: Assessing the Literature since the 1999 Seattle WTO Protests
Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, critical attention has increasingly focused on the remaining world system, capitalist in nature and anchored in the World Trade Organization (WTO), founded in 1994 as the successor to the 1948 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). As the 1990s progressed, a smattering of exciting new intellectual work began to appear on the social and environmental impacts of the international trade and investm…
The Missteps Of Anti-Imperialist Reason: Bourdieu, Wacquant and Hanchard's Orpheus and Power
Are African and African-American Studies, as defined and practiced in the USA, tools of US cultural imperialism? Are discussions of race, racial inequality or racial oppression in other societies, when carried out by North Americans, to be viewed as 'brutal ethnocentric intrusions'? These are among the central propositions of a vigorous polemic by two French sociologists, Pierre Bourdieu and Loïc Wacquant, in a 1999 article entitled 'On the Cunni…
Understanding the Politics of Latin America's Plural Lefts (Chávez/Lula): Social democracy, populism and convergence on the path to a post-neoliberal world
This article explores the academic and public debate on the politics of Latin America's twenty-first century turn towards the left. It rejects dichotomous categorisations of ‘social democratic’ and ‘populist’ lefts as a disciplinary move by neoliberals that appeals to entrenched liberal predispositions. It suggests that such classificatory taxonomies are directly linked to an impoverished notion of the political, in which a politics of exalted ex…
Nurturing Hope, Deepening Democracy, and Combating Inequalities in Brazil: Lula, the Workers' Party, and Dilma Rousseff's 2010 Election as President
In explaining the 2010 election of President Dilma Rousseff, John French and Alexandre Fortes explore the stunning success of the Brazilian Workers Party (PT) and its leader, Lula, former trade unionist, in winning a third consecutive presidential victory. In historical perspective, the authors examine the ways in which Lula's government (2002 – 10) represented a break with the past while summarizing its substantive achievements in redistributing…
Deconstructing the Post-Neoliberal State: Intimate Perspectives on Contemporary Brazil
A 'Era Lula', as eleições presidenciais de 2010 e os desafios do pós-neoliberalismo
O artigo explora o impressionante sucesso do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) e do seu líder, o ex-sindicalista Lula, ao conquistar uma terceira vitória presidencial consecutiva com a eleição de Dilma Rousseff em 2010. Em perspectiva histórica, ele examina os modos como o governo Lula representou uma ruptura com o passado, resumindo suas realizações substantivas em termos de distribuição de renda e criação de oportunidades. Debatendo a relação entr…
The Latin American Labor Studies Boom
The contemporary North Atlantic world has been marked by a waning enthusiasm for and salience of the study of workers. Yet the current ebb “in the traditional capitalist ‘core’ countries” (not to mention eastern Europe), Marcel van der Linden recently suggested, is far from being a “crisis” in the field of labor history as such. Rather, it is best understood as “only a regional phenomenon” since in much of “the so-called Third World, especially i…
Workers and the Rise of Adhemarista Populism in São Paulo, Brazil 1945-47
C contemporary polemicists and scholarly analysts agree that populism and demagoguery are inseparable. Yet the literature on twentieth-century Latin American politicians who labeled themselves populists leaves us with a perplexing paradox. While radical labor and the left hated them as capitalist tools who undermined working-class movements, these same populists have been detested by industrialists and conservatives as incubators, if not instigat…
How the Not-So-Powerless Prevail: Industrial Labor Market Demand and the Contours of Militancy in Mid-Twentieth-Century São Paulo, Brazil
Extensive interviews and confidential police and judicial records are used to explore the life of Marcos Andreotti (1910-1984), a lifelong Communist labor leader active in the industrial ABC region of greater São Paulo. The intensified persecution faced by Andreotti in the early Cold War years is placed within the trajectory of Andreotti's working life as a skilled electrician. The labor market demand for skilled workers, it is shown, provided th…
The Travails of Doing Labor History: The Restless Wanderings of John Womack Jr
Industrial Workers and the Birth of the Populist Republic in Brazil, 1945-1946
Examines the central role which Brazilian industrial workers played in the political transition of 1945-1946 that ended the Estado Novo dictatorship and opened the era of electoral democracy known as the Brazilian Populist Republic (1946-1964). Argues that the events of 1945-1946 are best seen as a radical break with the past, marked by the entry of the urban working class into Brazilian political life: Vargas's 1945 electoral legislation was con…
Women in Postrevolutionary Mexico: The Emergence of a New Feminist Political History
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button
Wal-Mart, Retail Supremacy, and the Relevance of Political Economy: The Intermestic Challenge of Contemporary Research (Academic, Agitational, and Constructive)
Research Article| March 01 2007 Wal-Mart, Retail Supremacy, and the Relevance of Political Economy: The Intermestic Challenge of Contemporary Research (Academic, Agitational, and Constructive) John D. French John D. French Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Labor (2007) 4 (1): 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-2006-033 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation John D. French; Wal-Mart, …
Women and Working-Class Mobilization in Postwar São Paulo, 1945-1948
It has often been observed that "Where power is, women are not." Noting women's virtual absence from the realm of conventional politics, Jane Jaquette urged scholars in 1980 to look beyond elections in studying female political participation in Latin America. Arguing for an "expanded notion of the political," she called for research on female participation within different social classes, especially their role in "informal networks, ... clientele…
O Indestrutível e Inescrutável Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Resposta de John French aos textos dos comentadores da seção
From Dictatorship to the Brazilian New Republic in Crisis: Understanding Lula's Political Leadership
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Emília Viotti da Costa (1928-2017)
When Emília Viotti da Costa passed away on November 2, 2017, at the age of 89, the world lost a scientific poet of the past whose research, writing, and mentorship epitomized the best of the historical profession. She spent 13 years, from 1956 to 1969, at the University of São Paulo (USP), rising to tenured professor, followed by 25 years at Yale University (1973-98). In dozens of essays and three major books, Emília produced landmark research in…
Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins, Challenges, Prospects
Book Review| September 01 2009 Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins, Challenges, Prospects Social Democracy in the Global Periphery: Origins, Challenges, Prospects Richard Sandbrook, Marc Edelman, Patrick Heller, and Judith Teichman Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007 ix + 289 pp., $92.00 (cloth); $36.99 (paper) John D. French John D. French Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Labor (2009) 6 (3): 120–12…
Crafting an International Legal Regime for Worker Rights: Assessing the Literature since the 1999 Seattle WTO Protests
Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, critical attention has increasingly focused on the remaining world system, capitalist in nature and anchored in the World Trade Organization (WTO), founded in 1994 as the successor to the 1948 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). As the 1990s progressed, a smattering of exciting new intellectual work began to appear on the social and environmental impacts of the international trade and investm…
Lula's Brazil: The Management of Hope. Directed Gonzalo Arijón. Brooklyn, NY: First Run/Icarus Films, 2005. VHS and DVD. $390.00 purchase; $75.00 rental
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Another World Is Possible: The Rise of the Brazilian Workers' Party and the Prospects for Lula's Government
Research Article| September 01 2005 Another World Is Possible: The Rise of the Brazilian Workers' Party and the Prospects for Lula's Government John D. French; John D. French Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Alexandre Fortes Alexandre Fortes Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Labor (2005) 2 (3): 13–31. https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-2-3-13 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video…
The Robert J. Alexander Interview Collection
Pioneering Latin Americanist Robert Jackson Alexander (1918–) was a central player in U.S.–Latin American labor, political, and scholarly affairs after World War II. For some five decades starting in 1946, Professor Alexander traveled extensively as an engaged witness to, and active participant in, many major political events in Latin America and the Caribbean. The unique documentation Alexander created and assembled (the largest and most importa…
Towards Effective Transnational Labor Solidarity between Nafta North and Nafta South
U.S. political scientist Dale Hathaway’s article originated in his decision in the mid1990s to tackle the internationalist tasks integral to radical politics in the post-NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) era. Like his book Allies across the Border (2000), it breathes a spirit of militancy and heart-felt commitment to the struggles of working and middle class peoples in today’s world. As bee ts the new Labor History’s forum format, the p…
From the Suites to the Streets: The Unexpected Re-emergence of the "Labor Question," 1994-1999
(2002). From the Suites to the Streets: The Unexpected Re-emergence of the 'Labor Question,' 1994-1999. Labor History: Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 285-304
Yonne de Souza Grossi, Mina de Morro Velho: A Extracão do Homem. Uma História de Experîencia Operaria. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1981
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Experimental Gastroduodenal Lesions Induced by Stimulation of the Brain
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect upon the stomach and duodenum of chronically applied stimulation to the visceral brain stem. Experiments were performed on 60 monkeys in which stimulation currents were delivered to the hypothalamus and surrounding regions for periods of 30 to 86 days. A test group of 19 animals which received adequate stimulation was compared with control groups of 20 monkeys which received insufficien…
Comparative Approaches to Latin American History
A little more than fifty years ago, French medievalist Marc Bloch (1928) tried to persuade his fellow historians of the importance and usefulness of the “comparative method.” Explanations, he argued, based on “those proverbs of common-sense psychology which have neither more nor less validity than their opposites” had to be replaced by causal explanations arrived at with the help of systematic comparison. In response to these exhortations, most h…
Yonne de Souza Grossi, Mina de Morro Velho: A Extracão do Homem. Uma História de Experîencia Operaria. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1981
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Second Yale Conference on Latin American Labor History
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Third Yale Conference on Latin American Labor History
Third Yale Conference on Latin American Labor History examined peasant politics, urban mass protests, popular music, and the impact of mass communications in modern Latin America
The United States and Mexico
Journal Article The United States and Mexico Get access The United States and Mexico. By Vázquez Josefina Zoraida Meyer Lorenzo. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. xiii + 220 pp. Maps, notes, bibliography, index. $29.00.) John D. French John D. French Utah State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 18, Issue 1, January 1987, Pages 64–65, https://doi.org/…
The Political Plans of Mexico
Operarios em luta. Metalúrgicos da Baixada Santista (1933-1983)
Operarios em luta. Metalurgicos da Baixada Santista (1933-1983)
The Political Plans of Mexico
Mexico emerged from its struggle for Independence with the untried Constitution of 1824 as a political guide for a people which had never known self-government. Almost immediately suggestions for amendments to this document were offered for public approval. These proposals were termed 'Plans' and for decades under this rubric they were steadily floated before the public. An analytical commentary accompanying this collection analyzes the unique ro…
Fourth Latin American Labor History Conference
Sponsored by the Latin American studies programs of Yale and the University of Connecticut, the conference on "Women and Labor in Latin America" examined the gender dynamics of production and reproduction. The presentations, given April 17-18, 1987, touched on a broad spectrum of topics, including women and factory labor, the sexual politics of rural social conflict, the tensions of life among nineteenth-century domestic servants, and women's rol…
Diario Official do Estado de São Paulo
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Workers and the Rise of Adhemarista Populism in São Paulo, Brazil 1945-47
C contemporary polemicists and scholarly analysts agree that populism and demagoguery are inseparable. Yet the literature on twentieth-century Latin American politicians who labeled themselves populists leaves us with a perplexing paradox. While radical labor and the left hated them as capitalist tools who undermined working-class movements, these same populists have been detested by industrialists and conservatives as incubators, if not instigat…
A democracia ilustrada (O Partido Democratico de Sao Paulo, 1926-1934)
A democrácia ilustrada (O Partido Democrático de São Paulo, 1926-1934)
Fifth Annual Latin American Labor History Conference
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Industrial Workers and the Birth of the Populist Republic in Brazil, 1945-1946
Examines the central role which Brazilian industrial workers played in the political transition of 1945-1946 that ended the Estado Novo dictatorship and opened the era of electoral democracy known as the Brazilian Populist Republic (1946-1964). Argues that the events of 1945-1946 are best seen as a radical break with the past, marked by the entry of the urban working class into Brazilian political life: Vargas's 1945 electoral legislation was con…
Women and Working-Class Mobilization in Postwar São Paulo, 1945-1948
It has often been observed that "Where power is, women are not." Noting women's virtual absence from the realm of conventional politics, Jane Jaquette urged scholars in 1980 to look beyond elections in studying female political participation in Latin America. Arguing for an "expanded notion of the political," she called for research on female participation within different social classes, especially their role in "informal networks, ... clientele…
Commercial Foot Soldiers of the Empire: Foreign Merchant Politics in Tampico, Mexico, 1861-1866
During the period from Mexican independence in 1821 to the end of the French intervention in 1867, Mexico's primary tie to the outside world was based on trade. The foreign merchants, who monopolized this activity, played a crucial role in the economic, diplomatic, and political life of Mexico. The current literature on these nineteenth century merchants includes studies of foreign groups, such as the French, detailed case studies of individual e…
Practice and Ideology: A Cautionary Note on the Historian’s Craft
Joel Wolfe's article in this issue examines a formative event in the development of the twentieth-century Brazilian labor movement: the 1917 general strike in Sao Paulo. He focuses on two key relationships: between leaders and led, and between working-class women and class institutions largely run by men. Despite advancing an innovative approach to the topic, Wolfe's article suffers from problems of evidence, historiography, and conceptualization…
Practice and Ideology: A Cautionary Note on the Historian's Craft
Eighth Latin American Labor History Conference
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The Brazilian Workers' ABC: Class Conflict and Alliances in Modern Sao Paulo
The Brazilian Workers' ABC: Class Conflict and Alliances in Modern São Paulo
"Pelegos" No More? Labour Historians Confront the 'New Unionism' in Brazil
FROM THE MOMENT THE MILITARY took power in Brazil in 1964 — with negligible working-class opposition — the apparent weakness of Brazilian labour frustrated scholars and activists alike. Brazil was, after all, the most developed nation in Latin America, and Sao Paulo, its industrial epicentre, was a smokestack-ringed metropolis of international dimensions. If a real proletariat existed anywhere south of the Rio Grande, it was in Sâo Paulo's boomin…
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