Michael Clyne
Biographic Data
| ID | 733516 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael Clyne |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Clyne |
| SIGNATURE | CLYNE M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Monash University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 84 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 233 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 81 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Multilingualism
The term “multilingualism” can refer to either the language use or the competence of an individual or to the language situation in an entire nation or society. However, at the individual level it is generally subsumed under “bilingualism.” This may be because, while there are probably more bilinguals in the world than monolinguals, there are not perceived to be so many people who use more than two languages habitually. There are, of course, many …
Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning
Connecting younger second-language learners and older bilinguals
This article reports on an inter-generational inter-cultural pilot project carried out in suburban Melbourne which supports the second-language acquisition of younger people and enhances the social inclusion of older people of migrant background. The article begins with an outline of the multilingual context in which the project is based. The project is then described, and qualitative data indicating its success are presented. This is collected f…
Pluricentric Languages
The Janus face of monolingualism
Germany and Australia are examples of countries characterised by a tension between their plurilingual populations and their monolingual mindsets. This paper sets out to make a comparison between policy and practice in language and education in Germany and Australia, first outlining the link between the nineteenth-century development of the ideology of the nation-state and beliefs in the importance of a single language as a key feature of a strong…
Language and Human Relations
The way in which people address one another is crucial to expressing social relationships and is closely linked with cultural values. In English we call some people by their first names, and others 'Mr' or 'Ms', followed by their surname. In some other languages there are different ways of saying 'you' depending on the degree of social distance. Exploring practices in the family, school, university, the workplace and in letters, this book reveals…
Address in intercultural communication across languages
Through migration, travel, globalization, and new technologies, languages and their address systems are increasingly in contact. Modes of address are both fundamental to expressing human relations and closely linked to cultural value systems. In European languages these modes may include a pronoun, first name [FN], honorific and/or title + last name [LN] (Herr or Herr Professor Kecskés), or other formal mode (sir/madam) or informal mode (mate, de…
The monolingual mindset as an impediment to the development of plurilingual potential in Australia
This article shows how the monolingual mindset of many decision makers in fields such as education detracts from Australia’s capacity to develop its potential in plurilingualism. It contrasts the projection of monolingualism as the desired norm with the linguistic diversity within the Australian community. A number of fallacious clichés are discussed critically and attributed to the monolingual mindset – the overcrowded curriculum, competing lite…
Tamil in Melbourne
There have been few Australian studies of language maintenance amongst immigrant languages from the Indian subcontinent. The present study focuses on Tamil speakers in Melbourne from Sri Lanka or India, who are Hindus or Christians. Tamil is a pluricentric language that has been under the domination of English in these countries, at least amongst the more educated classes. The study explores the complex interplay of factors including country of o…
Pronominal address in German
Choice of address forms, a socially crucial feature in German communication, is context-dependent on situations (a) where the unmarked form of address is du (T), (b) where it is Sie (V), and (c) where the two systems (a and b) coexist. The first two situations are, apart from their fuzzy edges, rather clearcut. The third situation, however, appears anarchic and has a high embarrassment potential. In an empirical study based on 72 interviews condu…
Some thoughts on pragmatics, sociolinguistic variation, and intercultural communication
Readers of this journal have recently witnessed a discussion between Kanavillil Rajagopalan and Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber on the role of the social aspects in pragmatics. I would like to touch on this issue from another point of view, focusing on intercultural (contrastive, crosscultural, and interlanguage) pragmatics. Over the past twenty years this field has made substantial contributions to the extension of linguistic models and the under…
Perceptions of variation and change in German and Swedish address 1
German and Swedish speakers diverge in contemporary address practice. The Swedish T form has become unmarked, with V limited to very specific situations. Apart from some specific T or V contexts, German now has coexistent systems, one with T, the other with V as the unmarked form, with different speakers or networks preferring one or the other. In an ongoing project, focus groups and participant observation in Austria, (eastern and western) Germa…
Australia's community languages
This article focuses on Australia's changing language demography. After providing a short summary of immigration history and language policy in Australia, it considers the national distribution of languages at the time of the 2001 National Census, as well as the differential shift to English in various ethnolinguistic communities. The discussion is based on the analysis of census statistics and provides a context for the languages of the articles…
Period of residence as a factor in language maintenance
This paper explores ‘period of residence’ as a factor in the maintenance of an immigrant language, based on the example of Hungarian in Australia. Hungarian speakers arrived in Australia from several different source countries including Hungary, Romania (Transylvania), and areas of the formers Yugoslavia (Vojvodina) and Czechoslovakia (Slovakia). The distinct waves of Hungarian speaking migrants to Australia - 1938-40; 1947-54; 1956-57; 1960s, 70…
The use of exclusionary language to manipulate opinion
This article explores the role of language used by the Australian prime minister and other politicians in swaying Australian public opinion against ‘boat people’, focusing especially on particular lexical items. The article contextualizes the representation and treatment of asylum seekers and the language used to do this, both generally in the contemporary period and in the history of Australia as a British outpost in the Pacific. It relates this…
Developing and Sharing Community Language Resources Through Secondary School Programmes
This paper reports on research in progress in Melbourne secondary schools in which a community language is taught to students from a range of backgrounds. The programmes are described and contextualised. The project is developing models and strategies to enable schools to cater for the needs of secondary schools of students with and without home backgrounds in the target language and from different degrees of background in a community language wh…
Matching Policy Implementation With Demography
Learning a Community Language as a Third Language
This study is part of a larger action research project on the role of secondary school language programmes in the maintenance and spread of community languages in Melbourne. The study focuses on bilinguals learning another community language (Greek or Spanish) as a third language, some of them having a home language with a connection to the target language and some with completely unrelated home languages. Qualitative and qualitative data show th…
Dynamics of Language Contact
The past decade has seen an unprecedented growth in the study of language contact, associated partly with the linguistic effects of globalization and increased migration all over the world. Written by a leading expert in the field, this much-needed account brings together disparate findings to examine the dynamics of contact between languages in an immigrant context. Using data from a wide range of languages, including German, Dutch, Hungarian, I…
Communicative Styles in a Contact Situation
This paper reports on a small-scale exploratory study of metapragmatic perceptions of apologies, directives, and modal particles in two national varieties of a pluricentric language in contact. It investigates the way in which Austrians and Germans (believe they) communicate in German when they are married to each other and living in an environment where the national language is not German, that is, where they do not need to converge toward the n…
Lingua Franca and Ethnolects in Europe and Beyond
Trilingualism, immigration and relatedness of languages
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Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning
English in Intercultural Interaction
The impact of the Peace Process in the Middle East on Arabic
Cultural differences in the organization of academic texts
The use of exclusionary language to manipulate opinion
This article explores the role of language used by the Australian prime minister and other politicians in swaying Australian public opinion against ‘boat people’, focusing especially on particular lexical items. The article contextualizes the representation and treatment of asylum seekers and the language used to do this, both generally in the contemporary period and in the history of Australia as a British outpost in the Pacific. It relates this…
Culture and discourse structure
The Janus face of monolingualism
Germany and Australia are examples of countries characterised by a tension between their plurilingual populations and their monolingual mindsets. This paper sets out to make a comparison between policy and practice in language and education in Germany and Australia, first outlining the link between the nineteenth-century development of the ideology of the nation-state and beliefs in the importance of a single language as a key feature of a strong…
Trends and Changes in Home Language Use and Shift in Australia, 1986-1996
The language demography of Australia has undergone substantial changes over the pastdecade,due mainly to new immigration and differentialpatterns of language shift. The last three Australian censuses, taken in 1986, 1991 and 1996, have all elicited the same information on language use. In this paper we will analyse the responses to the 1996 Census and compare them with those in the two previous censuses. We will discuss the divergent trends in di…
The monolingual mindset as an impediment to the development of plurilingual potential in Australia
This article shows how the monolingual mindset of many decision makers in fields such as education detracts from Australia’s capacity to develop its potential in plurilingualism. It contrasts the projection of monolingualism as the desired norm with the linguistic diversity within the Australian community. A number of fallacious clichés are discussed critically and attributed to the monolingual mindset – the overcrowded curriculum, competing lite…
Constraints on code switching
L'article presente d'abord les etudes anterieures effectuees sur les contraintes du changement de code, et donne une definition du concept, qu'il envisage comme l'utilisation de deux langues differentes dans une seule phrase, ou groupe de phrases. Il enumere ensuite les types de contraintes possibles et presente l'etude qu'il a menee sur un corpus bilingue allemand-anglais et neerlandais-anglais en Australie
Tamil in Melbourne
There have been few Australian studies of language maintenance amongst immigrant languages from the Indian subcontinent. The present study focuses on Tamil speakers in Melbourne from Sri Lanka or India, who are Hindus or Christians. Tamil is a pluricentric language that has been under the domination of English in these countries, at least amongst the more educated classes. The study explores the complex interplay of factors including country of o…
A 16‐year longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch immigrants in Australia
In this article a description is given of a longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch migrants in Australia. In the 1970s, Clyne conducted linguistic research on German‐English and Dutch‐English bilinguals in Australia. In 1987 those informants who were still fluent in Dutch were retested, using the same type of tests and elicitation procedures. All the speech material of the informants from 1971 and 1987 has been transcribed and analysed…
Perceptions of variation and change in German and Swedish address 1
German and Swedish speakers diverge in contemporary address practice. The Swedish T form has become unmarked, with V limited to very specific situations. Apart from some specific T or V contexts, German now has coexistent systems, one with T, the other with V as the unmarked form, with different speakers or networks preferring one or the other. In an ongoing project, focus groups and participant observation in Austria, (eastern and western) Germa…
Australia's community languages
This article focuses on Australia's changing language demography. After providing a short summary of immigration history and language policy in Australia, it considers the national distribution of languages at the time of the 2001 National Census, as well as the differential shift to English in various ethnolinguistic communities. The discussion is based on the analysis of census statistics and provides a context for the languages of the articles…
Learning a Community Language as a Third Language
This study is part of a larger action research project on the role of secondary school language programmes in the maintenance and spread of community languages in Melbourne. The study focuses on bilinguals learning another community language (Greek or Spanish) as a third language, some of them having a home language with a connection to the target language and some with completely unrelated home languages. Qualitative and qualitative data show th…
Connecting younger second-language learners and older bilinguals
This article reports on an inter-generational inter-cultural pilot project carried out in suburban Melbourne which supports the second-language acquisition of younger people and enhances the social inclusion of older people of migrant background. The article begins with an outline of the multilingual context in which the project is based. The project is then described, and qualitative data indicating its success are presented. This is collected f…
Address in intercultural communication across languages
Through migration, travel, globalization, and new technologies, languages and their address systems are increasingly in contact. Modes of address are both fundamental to expressing human relations and closely linked to cultural value systems. In European languages these modes may include a pronoun, first name [FN], honorific and/or title + last name [LN] (Herr or Herr Professor Kecskés), or other formal mode (sir/madam) or informal mode (mate, de…
The German-Australian speech community
Article The German-Australian speech community: ethnic core values and language maintenance was published on January 1, 1988 in the journal International Journal of the Sociology of Language (volume 1988, issue 72)
Multilingual melbourne nineteenth century style
Second Generation' Foreigner Talk in Australia
Some thoughts on pragmatics, sociolinguistic variation, and intercultural communication
Readers of this journal have recently witnessed a discussion between Kanavillil Rajagopalan and Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber on the role of the social aspects in pragmatics. I would like to touch on this issue from another point of view, focusing on intercultural (contrastive, crosscultural, and interlanguage) pragmatics. Over the past twenty years this field has made substantial contributions to the extension of linguistic models and the under…
Intercultural communication at work in Australia
Immersion principles in second language programs—research and policy in multicultural Australia
This paper deals with the setting‐up and evaluation of a primary school German program in Melbourne using modified immersion principles. 5 to 51⁄2> hours of instruction are given through the medium of German. During the evaluation, this program was compared to a more traditional second language program and one in which immersion principles operated to a lesser extent. The paper shows how the evaluation was able to contribute to policy. The German…
Australia's national policy on languages and its implications
This paper gives a brief historical introduction indicating how the development of the concept of a national languages policy arose out of the shift from assimilation to multiculturalism. Two federal documents ‐ the Senate Report (1984) and the Lo Bianco Report (1987) are discussed in detail. The broadening of the scope of a national languages policy is described. It is also shown how some state policies and initiatives have led to developments a…
Bilingual education as a model for community languages in primary schools1
Matching Policy Implementation With Demography
Language policy in Australia-achievements, disappointments, prospects
(1997). Language policy in Australia—achievements, disappointments, prospects. Journal of Intercultural Studies: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 63-71
Articulating Religious Meaning in Conversation
Transference patterns among English - German bilinguals
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Sentence Construction in German-English Bilinguals
The characteristics of the sentence production systems of German-English bilinguals were investigated using a sentence completion technique in which either the first or the second half of a sentence was deleted. It was found that the results for bilinguah matched the results obtained for separate groups of German and English speakers, provided that the bilinguals were highly fluent in both languages
Decay, Preservation and Renewal
IN these days of rapid migrant assimilation, the language of former isolated German settlements, where language assimilation was not necessary, has become the subject of investigations in various parts of Australasia.1 This article is concerned with the final stage of long-standing language contact. Our linguistic observations are based on taped interviews of 15-60 minutes' duration with 93 bilingual informants in settlements in South Australia (…
Some Aspects of the Bilingualism and Language Maintenance of Australian-Born Children of German-Speaking Parents
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Some (German-English) Language Contact Phenomena at the Discourse Level
Perception of Code-Switching by Bilinguals
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German Surname Changes in Victoria (Australia), 1937-39
On Some Patterns of Communicative Competence in West Germany
(1973). ON SOME PATTERNS OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN WEST GERMANY. Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 211-218
A Non-Verbal Check On Acceptability Of Transference Among Bilinguals
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Communicative Competences in Contact
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Australia Talks
Status and usefulness of the migrant language , the presence of or visits from grandparents , and the use of a standard variety of the migrant language may be added to Kloss 's 'clear ' language maintenance factors .Kloss 's list of 'amb ivalent ' factors (leading to maintenance or shift ) -educational level
Typology and Grammatical Convergence among Related Languages in Contact
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Developing Grammars
I Variation in Language and Its Description.- 1 Fluctuating Linguistic Structures.- 2 Dimensions of Language Variability.- 2.1 Problems of Description vs Problems of Evaluation.- 2.2 Setting Up a Variety Space.- 2.2.1 The Dimension of Time.- 2.2.2 The Dimension of Place.- 2.2.3 The Dimension of the Speech Situation.- 2.2.4 The Dimension of Social Stratification.- 2.3 Developing an Overall Grammar.- 2.4 Restricting the Overall Grammar to Single Va…
Second Generation' Foreigner Talk in Australia
Culture and discourse structure
Deutsch als Muttersprache in Australien
Shorter notice
Bemd Gregor, Genuszuordnung. Tübingen: Niemeyer. 1983. Pp. x + 194
Tvåspråkighet
Bilingual education as a model for community languages in primary schools1
Deutsch als Muttersprache in Australien
Deutsch als Muttersprache in Australien
The decade past, the decade to come
Article The decade past, the decade to come: some thoughts on language-contact research was published on January 1, 1984 in the journal International Journal of the Sociology of Language (volume 1984, issue 45)
Development of writing skills in young second language learners
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Language and Society in the German-Speaking Countries
Shorter notices
Ralph Fasold, The sociolinguistics of society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984. Pp. xiii + 335. Suzanne Romaine (ed.), Sociolinguistic variation in speech communities. London: Edward Arnold, 1982. Pp. 179. Caroline Macafee, Glasgow. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1983. Pp. 167. John Platt, heidi Webber & Mian Lian Ho, Singapore and Malaysia. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1983. Pp. iv + 138. W. S. Chisholm Jr (ed.), Interrogativity. A colloquium on the grammar, typo…
Linguistics (66 works) · Sociology (55 works) · Philosophy (46 works) · Multilingual Education and Policy (44 works) · Psychology (35 works) · German (26 works) · Political science (25 works) · Second Language Learning and Teaching (22 works) · Computer Science (20 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (19 works)