Grace L Francis

Biographic Data

ID	7344979
NAME	Grace L Francis
GIVEN NAMES	Grace L
FAMILY NAME	Francis
SIGNATURE	FRANCIS G L
AFFILIATIONS	George Mason University
ORCID	0000-0002-8707-9430
VERIFIED	Yes
TOTAL WORKS	16
TOTAL CITATIONS	38
AUTHOR COUNT	16
EDITOR COUNT	0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR	1984
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR	2026
H-INDEX	2

A Scoping Review of the Barriers to Self-Advocacy for People with Intellectual Disability in Bronfenbrenner’s Process–Person–Context–Time (PPCT) Model
Open AccessChristina DeCostanza Eagle, Grace L Francis et al.ARTICLEEducation Sciences2026
Self-determination and self-advocacy are critical components of quality of life, and the instruction of these skills continues to emerge as an important outcome for Disabled people, specifically people with intellectual disability (ID). The purpose of this scoping review examined the perspectives of adults with ID and the experienced barriers when self-advocating, making choices, and goal setting. This scoping review searched multiple databases f…
Preparing Teachers to Partner With Multilingual Families and Families of Children With Disabilities
Open AccessJamie Day, Carlos E Lavín et al.ARTICLEReview of Educational Research2026
Family–teacher collaboration plays a critical role in PK–12 schools for multilingual students and students with disabilities. Teacher preparation programs prepare future teachers to collaborate with families before they enter the classrooms, yet little is known regarding the extent to which programs prepare teacher candidates to collaborate with these specific family populations. In this systematic review, the authors synthesize 27 studies conduc…
Collaboration for the inclusion of students with disabilities in education in Gondar, Ethiopia
Open AccessMikyas Abera, G Francis et al.ARTICLEAfrican Journal of Disability2025
This article presents research findings on collaboration among educational stakeholders to promote inclusive schools and support students with disabilities. Its holistic approach identifies ecological and institutional factors that affect collaborations for inclusion, as well as the support and services that could be further explored in future research. Additionally, it highlights the lessons that education programmes could use to enhance communi…
Belonging from the perspectives of individuals with disabilities
Open AccessAlexandra R Raines, Grace L Francis et al.ARTICLEPsychology in the Schools2023
Belonging is an individualized and complex phenomenon that is understudied among individuals with disabilities. Currently, there is an absence of voices of individuals with disabilities regarding their experiences and perspectives. This scoping review aimed to identify the extent, range, and nature of research on belonging from the experiences of individuals with disabilities between 1974 and 2020. Collectively, 4441 articles were screened and a …
A call for saying “gay”
Open AccessJared L Stanley, Rachel Haynes et al.ARTICLEPsychology in the Schools2023
On March 28, 2022, Florida's Governor Ron DeSantis signed HB 1557 “The Parental Rights in Education” bill into law, taking effect July 1, 2022. As written, the bill: (a) prohibits discussion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, and all other terms and concepts related to sexuality and gender (LGBTQ+) topics within schools, (b) requires schools to provide access to confidential records (e.g., counseling notes), and …
Parent–Teacher Interactions during Covid-19
Open AccessGrace L Francis, Alexandra R Raines et al.ARTICLEEducation Sciences2022
In 2020, COVID-19 disrupted all aspects of society across the globe including healthcare, employment, social interactions, and education. In many parts of the world, abrupt school closures caught teachers off guard, as they were forced to immediately shift their practices from in-person to online instruction with little-to-no preparation. Furthermore, during this time, many parents of school-aged children vacillated between multiple roles associa…
Experiences of college students with disabilities and mental health disorders
Open AccessGrace L Francis, Jodi M Duke et al.ARTICLEPsychology in the Schools2022
The rate of college students with disabilities and co‐occurring mental health disorders (D/MH) is steadily increasing across the U.S. However, despite available services and supports, the outcomes of these students lag behind their peers without D/MH. Further, little is known about the needs of students with D/MH, including barriers they experience and strategies or resources they find helpful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore …
Looking in the Shadows
Carlos E Lavín, G Francis et al.ARTICLEJournal of Latinos and Education2022References: 10
FERPA (1974 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA)., 20 U.S.C. § 1232g (1974). [Google Scholar]) privacy laws protect undocumented Latinx learners with disabilities (ULWD) from disclosing their immigration status. The right to maintain anonymity provided by FERPA, however, potentially results in challenges in identifying and supporting the unique needs ULWD in home and school environments. Due, in part, to a lack of information…
Special education faculty decision-making regarding designing and delivering family-professional partnership content and skills in the U.S
Open AccessG Francis, Grace L Francis et al.ARTICLETeaching and Teacher Education2021References: 2
Directores Escolares y Padres que Logran Resultados Óptimos
Open AccessGrace L Francis, Judith M S Gross et al.ARTICLERevista latinoamericana de…2016
numerosos beneficios a los alumnos con y sin discapacidades, incluyendo mejores logros acadmicos y relaciones con sus pares. Un liderazgo escolar fuerte y comprometido, adems de alianzas y relaciones de confianza con las familias son dos caractersticas que el Centro SWIFT (Schoolwide Integrated Framework for Transformation Center) de la
Identifying and Defining the Structures That Guide the Implementation of Participant Direction Programs and Support Program Participants
Open AccessJudith M S Gross, Martha Blue-Banning et al.ARTICLEJournal of Disability Policy…2014Cited by: 1References: 3
Participant direction (PD) programs offer the individual with a disability or his or her surrogate decision maker varying degrees of choice and control over the individual’s supports and services. We conducted a document analysis using grounded theory methods to identify the design elements of participant direction programs in long-term care. We analyzed 53 documents across multiple disabilities and funding sources. We identified and defined two …
Identifying and Defining the Activities of Participant Direction Programs
Open AccessJudith M S Gross, Martha Blue-Banning et al.ARTICLEJournal of Disability Policy…2013Cited by: 1References: 5
We analyzed the design of various U.S. programs of participant direction offering participants (individual with a disability or his or her surrogate decision-maker) some level of choice and control over the individual’s long-term care supports and services. We used grounded theory methods to conduct a document analysis of 53 documents published from 2004 through 2008 representing multiple disabilities and program funding sources. In our analysis,…
Using the Internet to Administer More Realistic Vignette Experiments
Open AccessFrancis G Caro, G Francis et al.ARTICLESocial Science Computer Review2011Cited by: 5References: 4
This article illustrates an innovative method of administering stated choice studies (or vignette experiments) using computers and the Internet. The use of video clips to deliver information to research participants makes vignettes more realistic, helps to engage interest of research participants, and can reduce framing effects. The method also provides research participants with interactive options before making judgments. A study to determine t…
Productive aging and civic participation
Open AccessJ A Burr, Francis G Caro et al.ARTICLEJournal of Aging Studies2002Cited by: 31References: 9
Achieving a Productive Aging Society
Marjorie E Starrels, Scott A Bass et al.ARTICLEContemporary Sociology A Journal…1994
Preface by Scott A. Bass Achieving a Productive Aging Society by Francis G. Caro, Scott A. Bass, and Yung-Ping Chen Age, Productivity, and Transcendence by Harry R. Moody Labor Market Obstacles to Productive Aging by Joseph F. Quinn and Richard V. Burkhauser Ageism in the Labor Market versus Productive Aging by Alan Walker and Philip Taylor New Technologies and the Aging Work Force by David C. Mowery and Mark S. Kamlet Is Unretirement Unprecedent…
The Consequences of Cuts
Francis G Caro, G Francis et al.ARTICLESocial Service Review1984

Productive aging and civic participation
Open AccessJ A Burr, Francis G Caro et al.ARTICLEJournal of Aging Studies2002Cited by: 31References: 9
Using the Internet to Administer More Realistic Vignette Experiments
Open AccessFrancis G Caro, G Francis et al.ARTICLESocial Science Computer Review2011Cited by: 5References: 4
This article illustrates an innovative method of administering stated choice studies (or vignette experiments) using computers and the Internet. The use of video clips to deliver information to research participants makes vignettes more realistic, helps to engage interest of research participants, and can reduce framing effects. The method also provides research participants with interactive options before making judgments. A study to determine t…
Identifying and Defining the Structures That Guide the Implementation of Participant Direction Programs and Support Program Participants
Open AccessJudith M S Gross, Martha Blue-Banning et al.ARTICLEJournal of Disability Policy…2014Cited by: 1References: 3
Participant direction (PD) programs offer the individual with a disability or his or her surrogate decision maker varying degrees of choice and control over the individual’s supports and services. We conducted a document analysis using grounded theory methods to identify the design elements of participant direction programs in long-term care. We analyzed 53 documents across multiple disabilities and funding sources. We identified and defined two …
Identifying and Defining the Activities of Participant Direction Programs
Open AccessJudith M S Gross, Martha Blue-Banning et al.ARTICLEJournal of Disability Policy…2013Cited by: 1References: 5
We analyzed the design of various U.S. programs of participant direction offering participants (individual with a disability or his or her surrogate decision-maker) some level of choice and control over the individual’s long-term care supports and services. We used grounded theory methods to conduct a document analysis of 53 documents published from 2004 through 2008 representing multiple disabilities and program funding sources. In our analysis,…

The Consequences of Cuts
Francis G Caro, G Francis et al.ARTICLESocial Service Review1984
Achieving a Productive Aging Society
Marjorie E Starrels, Scott A Bass et al.ARTICLEContemporary Sociology A Journal…1994
Preface by Scott A. Bass Achieving a Productive Aging Society by Francis G. Caro, Scott A. Bass, and Yung-Ping Chen Age, Productivity, and Transcendence by Harry R. Moody Labor Market Obstacles to Productive Aging by Joseph F. Quinn and Richard V. Burkhauser Ageism in the Labor Market versus Productive Aging by Alan Walker and Philip Taylor New Technologies and the Aging Work Force by David C. Mowery and Mark S. Kamlet Is Unretirement Unprecedent…
Productive aging and civic participation
Open AccessJ A Burr, Francis G Caro et al.ARTICLEJournal of Aging Studies2002Cited by: 31References: 9
Using the Internet to Administer More Realistic Vignette Experiments
Open AccessFrancis G Caro, G Francis et al.ARTICLESocial Science Computer Review2011Cited by: 5References: 4
This article illustrates an innovative method of administering stated choice studies (or vignette experiments) using computers and the Internet. The use of video clips to deliver information to research participants makes vignettes more realistic, helps to engage interest of research participants, and can reduce framing effects. The method also provides research participants with interactive options before making judgments. A study to determine t…
Identifying and Defining the Activities of Participant Direction Programs
Open AccessJudith M S Gross, Martha Blue-Banning et al.ARTICLEJournal of Disability Policy…2013Cited by: 1References: 5
We analyzed the design of various U.S. programs of participant direction offering participants (individual with a disability or his or her surrogate decision-maker) some level of choice and control over the individual’s long-term care supports and services. We used grounded theory methods to conduct a document analysis of 53 documents published from 2004 through 2008 representing multiple disabilities and program funding sources. In our analysis,…
Identifying and Defining the Structures That Guide the Implementation of Participant Direction Programs and Support Program Participants
Open AccessJudith M S Gross, Martha Blue-Banning et al.ARTICLEJournal of Disability Policy…2014Cited by: 1References: 3
Participant direction (PD) programs offer the individual with a disability or his or her surrogate decision maker varying degrees of choice and control over the individual’s supports and services. We conducted a document analysis using grounded theory methods to identify the design elements of participant direction programs in long-term care. We analyzed 53 documents across multiple disabilities and funding sources. We identified and defined two …
Directores Escolares y Padres que Logran Resultados Óptimos
Open AccessGrace L Francis, Judith M S Gross et al.ARTICLERevista latinoamericana de…2016
numerosos beneficios a los alumnos con y sin discapacidades, incluyendo mejores logros acadmicos y relaciones con sus pares. Un liderazgo escolar fuerte y comprometido, adems de alianzas y relaciones de confianza con las familias son dos caractersticas que el Centro SWIFT (Schoolwide Integrated Framework for Transformation Center) de la
Special education faculty decision-making regarding designing and delivering family-professional partnership content and skills in the U.S
Open AccessG Francis, Grace L Francis et al.ARTICLETeaching and Teacher Education2021References: 2
Parent–Teacher Interactions during Covid-19
Open AccessGrace L Francis, Alexandra R Raines et al.ARTICLEEducation Sciences2022
In 2020, COVID-19 disrupted all aspects of society across the globe including healthcare, employment, social interactions, and education. In many parts of the world, abrupt school closures caught teachers off guard, as they were forced to immediately shift their practices from in-person to online instruction with little-to-no preparation. Furthermore, during this time, many parents of school-aged children vacillated between multiple roles associa…
Experiences of college students with disabilities and mental health disorders
Open AccessGrace L Francis, Jodi M Duke et al.ARTICLEPsychology in the Schools2022
The rate of college students with disabilities and co‐occurring mental health disorders (D/MH) is steadily increasing across the U.S. However, despite available services and supports, the outcomes of these students lag behind their peers without D/MH. Further, little is known about the needs of students with D/MH, including barriers they experience and strategies or resources they find helpful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore …
Looking in the Shadows
Carlos E Lavín, G Francis et al.ARTICLEJournal of Latinos and Education2022References: 10
FERPA (1974 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA)., 20 U.S.C. § 1232g (1974). [Google Scholar]) privacy laws protect undocumented Latinx learners with disabilities (ULWD) from disclosing their immigration status. The right to maintain anonymity provided by FERPA, however, potentially results in challenges in identifying and supporting the unique needs ULWD in home and school environments. Due, in part, to a lack of information…
Belonging from the perspectives of individuals with disabilities
Open AccessAlexandra R Raines, Grace L Francis et al.ARTICLEPsychology in the Schools2023
Belonging is an individualized and complex phenomenon that is understudied among individuals with disabilities. Currently, there is an absence of voices of individuals with disabilities regarding their experiences and perspectives. This scoping review aimed to identify the extent, range, and nature of research on belonging from the experiences of individuals with disabilities between 1974 and 2020. Collectively, 4441 articles were screened and a …
A call for saying “gay”
Open AccessJared L Stanley, Rachel Haynes et al.ARTICLEPsychology in the Schools2023
On March 28, 2022, Florida's Governor Ron DeSantis signed HB 1557 “The Parental Rights in Education” bill into law, taking effect July 1, 2022. As written, the bill: (a) prohibits discussion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, and all other terms and concepts related to sexuality and gender (LGBTQ+) topics within schools, (b) requires schools to provide access to confidential records (e.g., counseling notes), and …
Collaboration for the inclusion of students with disabilities in education in Gondar, Ethiopia
Open AccessMikyas Abera, G Francis et al.ARTICLEAfrican Journal of Disability2025
This article presents research findings on collaboration among educational stakeholders to promote inclusive schools and support students with disabilities. Its holistic approach identifies ecological and institutional factors that affect collaborations for inclusion, as well as the support and services that could be further explored in future research. Additionally, it highlights the lessons that education programmes could use to enhance communi…
A Scoping Review of the Barriers to Self-Advocacy for People with Intellectual Disability in Bronfenbrenner’s Process–Person–Context–Time (PPCT) Model
Open AccessChristina DeCostanza Eagle, Grace L Francis et al.ARTICLEEducation Sciences2026
Self-determination and self-advocacy are critical components of quality of life, and the instruction of these skills continues to emerge as an important outcome for Disabled people, specifically people with intellectual disability (ID). The purpose of this scoping review examined the perspectives of adults with ID and the experienced barriers when self-advocating, making choices, and goal setting. This scoping review searched multiple databases f…
Preparing Teachers to Partner With Multilingual Families and Families of Children With Disabilities
Open AccessJamie Day, Carlos E Lavín et al.ARTICLEReview of Educational Research2026
Family–teacher collaboration plays a critical role in PK–12 schools for multilingual students and students with disabilities. Teacher preparation programs prepare future teachers to collaborate with families before they enter the classrooms, yet little is known regarding the extent to which programs prepare teacher candidates to collaborate with these specific family populations. In this systematic review, the authors synthesize 27 studies conduc…