Harald Clahsen
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 736803 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Harald Clahsen |
| PRENOMES | Harald |
| SOBRENOME | Clahsen |
| ASSINATURA | CLAHSEN H |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Essex |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6190-1318 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 57 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 218 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 56 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Limits of variability in bilingual language processing
Previous research has highlighted that supplementing standard group-level event-related potential analyses with assessments of individual variation can enhance our understanding of language-related brain activity. The present study pursues this approach by examining bilingual speakers’ brain responses to morphologically complex word forms in both their native (German, L1) and their second language (English, L2). We tested 108 bilingual speakers u…
Multilingual and social experience
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Digital tools for learning new languages
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Words in the non-native mind
A large body of bilingualism research has dealt with the lexicon. Topics such as vocabulary acquisition and the representation of words in the bilingual lexicon have been highly popular in bilingualism journals. There are also prominent models of the bilingual mental lexicon (e.g. However, what has been missing in previous research is a framework for understanding the properties of lexical units in a non-native second language (L2) and how these …
Obituary
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Morphological processing in heritage speakers
Previous research has shown that heritage speakers struggle with inflectional morphology. ‘Limitations of online resources’ for processing a non-dominant language has been claimed as one possible reason for these difficulties. To date, however, there is very little experimental evidence on real-time language processing in heritage speakers. Here we report results from a masked priming experiment with 97 bilingual (Turkish/German) heritage speaker…
Morphological generalization in bilingual language production
Morphological variability in bilingual language production is widely attested. Producing inflected words has been found to be less reliable and consistent in bilinguals than in first-language (functionally monolingual) L1 speakers, even for bilingual speakers at advanced proficiency levels. The sources for these differences are not well understood. The current study presents a detailed investigation of morphological generalization processes in bi…
Morphological generalization in heritage speakers
Heritage speakers (HS) have been shown to experience difficulties with inflectional morphology (particularly with irregular morphology) and to frequently overapply regular morphology. The present study seeks to get further insight into the inflectional processes of HS by investigating how these are generalized to nonce words in language production, the first study of this kind for heritage Turkish. We specifically examined morphological generaliz…
Variability and Consistency in First and Second Language Processing
Word forms such as walked or walker are decomposed into their morphological constituents (walk + –ed/–er) during language comprehension. Yet, the efficiency of morphological decomposition seems to vary for different languages and morphological types, as well as for first and second language speakers. The current study reports results from a visual masked priming experiment focusing on different types of derived word forms (specifically prefixed v…
Do bilingual children lag behind? A study of morphological encoding using ERPs
The current study investigates how bilingual children encode and produce morphologically complex words. We employed a silent-production-plus-delayed-vocalization paradigm in which event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during silent encoding of inflected words which were subsequently cued to be overtly produced. The bilingual children's spoken responses and their ERPs were compared to previous datasets from monolingual children on th…
Some Notes on the Shallow Structure Hypothesis
Since the Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH) was first put forward in 2006, it has inspired a growing body of research on grammatical processing in nonnative (L2) speakers. More than 10 years later, we think it is time for the SSH to be reconsidered in the light of new empirical findings and current theoretical assumptions about human language processing. The purpose of our critical commentary is twofold: to clarify some issues regarding the SSH …
Morphological encoding in German children's language production
This study reports developmental changes in morphological encoding across late childhood. We examined event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during the silent production of regularly vs. irregularly inflected verb forms (viz. - t vs. - n participles of German) in groups of eight- to ten-year-olds, eleven- to thirteen-year-olds, and adults. The adult data revealed an enhanced (right-frontal) negativity 300–450 ms after cue onset for the (silent) pr…
Investigating grammatical processing in bilinguals
In this article we discuss methods for investigating grammatical processing in bilinguals. We will present a methodological approach that relies on: (i) linguistic theory (in our case, morphology) for the construction of experimental materials; (ii) a design that allows for direct (within-experiment, within-participant, and within-item) comparisons of the critical conditions; and (iii) data analysis techniques that make both linear and non-linear…
Morphological priming in child German
Regular and irregular inflection in children's production has been examined in many previous studies. Yet, little is known about the processes involved in children's recognition of inflected words. To gain insight into how children process inflected words, the current study examines regular - t and irregular - n participles of German using the cross-modal priming technique testing 108 monolingual German-speaking children in two age groups (group …
The time course of morphological processing in a second language
We report findings from psycholinguistic experiments investigating the detailed timing of processing morphologically complex words by proficient adult second (L2) language learners of English in comparison to adult native (L1) speakers of English. The first study employed the masked priming technique to investigate - ed forms with a group of advanced Arabic-speaking learners of English. The results replicate previously found L1/L2 differences in …
The perfective past tense in Greek children with specific language impairment
The perfective past tense in Greek as a second language
This study reports results from four experiments investigating the perfective past tense of Greek in adult second language (L2) learners. The data come from L2 learners of Greek with intermediate to advanced L2 proficiency and different native language (L1) backgrounds, and L1 speakers of Greek. All participants were tested in both oral and written elicited production and acceptability judgment tasks on both existing and novel verb stimuli. The r…
Morphological Structure in Native and Nonnative Language Processing
This article presents a selective overview of studies that have investigated how advanced adult second language (L2) learners process morphologically complex words. The studies reported here have used different kinds of experimental tasks (including speeded grammaticality judgments, lexical decision, and priming) to examine three domains of morphological processing (regular and irregular inflection, derived word forms, and morphosyntactic phenome…
Morphology, frequency, and the processing of derived words in native and non-native speakers
The perfective past tense in Greek child language
This study examines the perfective past tense of Greek in an elicited production and an acceptability judgment task testing 35 adult native speakers and 154 children in six age groups (age range: 3 ; 5 to 8 ; 5) on both existing and novel verb stimuli. We found a striking contrast between sigmatic and non-sigmatic perfective past tense forms. Sigmatic forms (which have a segmentable perfective affix (- s -) in Greek) were widely generalized to di…
Grammatical Processing of Spoken Language in Child and Adult Language Learners
Developmental Psycholinguistics
How do infants and young children coordinate information in real time to arrive at sentence meaning from the words and structure of the sentence and from the nonlinguistic context? This volume introduces readers to an emerging field of research, experimental developmental psycholinguistics , and to the four predominant methodologies used to study on-line language processing in children. Authored by key figures in psycholinguistics, neuroscience a…
Developmental psycholinguistics
Morphologically complex words in L1 and L2 processing
This paper reports results from masked priming experiments investigating regular past-tense forms and deadjectival nominalizations with -ness and -ity in adult native (L1) speakers of English and in different groups of advanced adult second language (L2) learners of English. While the L1 group showed efficient priming for both inflected and derived word forms, the L2 learners demonstrated repetition-priming effects (like the L1 group), but no pri…
How children process over-regularizations
This study examines the mental processes involved in children's on-line recognition of inflected word forms using event-related potentials (ERPs). Sixty children in three age groups (20 six- to seven-year-olds, 20 eight- to nine-year-olds, 20 eleven- to twelve-year-olds) and 23 adults (tested in a previous study) listened to sentences containing correct or incorrect German noun plural forms. In the two older child groups, as well as in the adult …
Continuity and shallow structures in language processing
The core idea that we argued for in the target article was that grammatical processing in a second language (L2) is fundamentally different from grammatical processing in one's native (first) language (L1). Our major source of evidence for this claim comes from experimental psycholinguistic studies investigating morphological and syntactic processing in child and adult native speakers, and nonnative speakers who acquired their L2 after childhood …
The UG paradox in L2 acquisition
There is a considerable amount of recent evidence that stable principles of Universal Grammar (UG) are available to adult second language (L2) learners in structuring their intuitions about the target language grammar. In contrast, however, there is also evidence from the acquisition of word order, agreement and negation in German that there are substantial differences between first language (L1) and L2 learners. In our view, these differences ar…
On the L2 acquisition of the morphosyntax of German nominals
Our understanding of how adults acquire grammar has to date been mainly based on investigations of clause structure and the morphosyntax of verbs. The development of nominals, however, has so far not been investigated at the same level of detail. Against this background, the purpose of the present study is to provide an in-depth description of the L2 acquisition of nominals in German and to assess the results in regard to two general research iss…
Morphological Structure in Native and Nonnative Language Processing
This article presents a selective overview of studies that have investigated how advanced adult second language (L2) learners process morphologically complex words. The studies reported here have used different kinds of experimental tasks (including speeded grammaticality judgments, lexical decision, and priming) to examine three domains of morphological processing (regular and irregular inflection, derived word forms, and morphosyntactic phenome…
Morphology, frequency, and the processing of derived words in native and non-native speakers
Antecedent Priming at Trace Positions in Children's Sentence Processing
The grammatical characterization of developmental dysphasia
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
Brain Potentials in the Processing of Complex Sentences
Antecedent Priming at Trace Positions
Antecedent Priming at Trace Positions in Japanese Long-Distance Scrambling
We report the results from three cross-modal lexical decision experiments investigating antecedent priming effects in Japanese. In the first two experiments we examined antecedent reactivation at the preverbal trace position in long-distance scrambling sentences. We found an interaction between the participants' working memory (WM) span and antecedent priming. For the high span group, the magnitude of antecedent priming at the trace position was …
Linguistics
Agreement and null subjects in German L2 development
In L1 acquisition research, developmental correlations between superfi cially unrelated linguistic phenomena are analysed in terms of clustering effects, resulting from the setting of a particular parameter of Universal Grammar (UG). In German L1 acquisition, there is evidence for a cluster ing of the acquisition of subject-verb agreement and the decrease of (incor rect) null subjects. The developmental connection between these two phenomena in L…
The time course of morphological processing in a second language
We report findings from psycholinguistic experiments investigating the detailed timing of processing morphologically complex words by proficient adult second (L2) language learners of English in comparison to adult native (L1) speakers of English. The first study employed the masked priming technique to investigate - ed forms with a group of advanced Arabic-speaking learners of English. The results replicate previously found L1/L2 differences in …
The Mental Representation of Inflected Words
The authors investigate how morphological relationships between inflected word forms are represented in the mental lexicon, focusing on paradigmatic relations between regularly inflected word forms and relationships between different stem forms of the same lexeme. We present results from a series of psycholinguistic experiments investigating German adjectives (which are inflected for case, number, and gender) and the so-called strong verbs of Ger…
Ambiguity resolution in sentence processing
This study investigates how the parser employs thematic and contextual information in resolving temporary ambiguities during sentence processing. We report results from a sentence-completion task and from a self-paced reading experiment with native speakers of Greek examining two constructions under different referential context conditions: relative clauses (RCs) preceded by complex noun phrases with genitives, [NP1+NP2 Gen ], and RCs preceded by…
Compounding and inflection in language impairment
The perfective past tense in Greek as a second language
This study reports results from four experiments investigating the perfective past tense of Greek in adult second language (L2) learners. The data come from L2 learners of Greek with intermediate to advanced L2 proficiency and different native language (L1) backgrounds, and L1 speakers of Greek. All participants were tested in both oral and written elicited production and acceptability judgment tasks on both existing and novel verb stimuli. The r…
Word Order in Sentence Processing
Morphological generalization in heritage speakers
Heritage speakers (HS) have been shown to experience difficulties with inflectional morphology (particularly with irregular morphology) and to frequently overapply regular morphology. The present study seeks to get further insight into the inflectional processes of HS by investigating how these are generalized to nonce words in language production, the first study of this kind for heritage Turkish. We specifically examined morphological generaliz…
Verb inflections in German child language
The acquisition and use of Spanish and English as first and second languages
Variability and Consistency in First and Second Language Processing
Word forms such as walked or walker are decomposed into their morphological constituents (walk + –ed/–er) during language comprehension. Yet, the efficiency of morphological decomposition seems to vary for different languages and morphological types, as well as for first and second language speakers. The current study reports results from a visual masked priming experiment focusing on different types of derived word forms (specifically prefixed v…
The perfective past tense in Greek children with specific language impairment
Grammatical Processing of Spoken Language in Child and Adult Language Learners
On determining developmental stages in natural second language acquisition
Research on Second Language (L2) Acquisition, over the past ten years, has undergone substantial changes by shifting its focus of interest away from an analysis of linguistic structures alone, concentrating more on the learner himself or, rather, on the process of learning. It had become obvious that one of the major shortcomings in contrastive studies as well as in the usual kind of error analysis is that they lack thorough investigation of fact…
The acquisition and use of Spanish and English as first and second languages
Some more remarks on the acquisition of German negation
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Verb inflections in German child language
Kritische Phasen der Grammatikentwicklung. Eine Untersuchung zum Negationserwerb bei Kindern und Erwachsenen
Article Kritische Phasen der Grammatikentwicklung. Eine Untersuchung zum Negationserwerb bei Kindern und Erwachsenen was published on January 1, 1988 in the journal Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft (volume 7, issue 1)
The UG paradox in L2 acquisition
There is a considerable amount of recent evidence that stable principles of Universal Grammar (UG) are available to adult second language (L2) learners in structuring their intuitions about the target language grammar. In contrast, however, there is also evidence from the acquisition of word order, agreement and negation in German that there are substantial differences between first language (L1) and L2 learners. In our view, these differences ar…
The grammatical characterization of developmental dysphasia
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
Normale und gestörte Kindersprache
Overregularization in Language Acquisition
Children extend regular grammatical patterns to irregular words, resulting in overregularizations like comed, often after a period of correct performance ("U-shaped development"). The errors seem paradigmatic of rule use, hence bear on central issues in the psychology of rules: how creative rule application interacts with memorized exceptions in development, how overgeneral rules are unlearned in the absence of parental feedback, and whether cogn…
Grammatical constraints in syntactic processing
Les As. presentent les resultats d'experiences de concordance de phrases en allemand dans le but d'examiner la maniere dont les contraintes grammaticales sur les categories vides sont implemantees dans un parseur. Ils veulent montrer que la concordance de phrases est accompli sur la base d'une representation qui ne doit pas inclure le liage operateur-variable
German Inflection
Agreement and null subjects in German L2 development
In L1 acquisition research, developmental correlations between superfi cially unrelated linguistic phenomena are analysed in terms of clustering effects, resulting from the setting of a particular parameter of Universal Grammar (UG). In German L1 acquisition, there is evidence for a cluster ing of the acquisition of subject-verb agreement and the decrease of (incor rect) null subjects. The developmental connection between these two phenomena in L…
Morphological Structure and the Processing of Inflected Words
This paper is concerned with how our mind/brain processes morphologically complex words. We will show that the morphological structure of an inflected word determines the way it is processed. Specifically, we will argue that regularly inflected words have stem + affix representations and are typically computed via their constituent morphemes, whereas irregular inflection is represented in terms of lexical entries which are stored in associative m…
Lexical entries and rules of language
Following much work in linguistic theory, it is hypothesized that the language faculty has a modular structure and consists of two basic components, a lexicon of (structured) entries and a computational system of combinatorial operations to form larger linguistic expressions from lexical entries. This target article provides evidence for the dual nature of the language faculty by describing recent results of a multidisciplinary investigation of G…
Generative Perspectives on Language Acquisition
Antecedent Priming at Trace Positions
Brain Potentials in the Processing of Complex Sentences
Linguistics
Compounding and inflection in language impairment
The Mental Representation of Inflected Words
The authors investigate how morphological relationships between inflected word forms are represented in the mental lexicon, focusing on paradigmatic relations between regularly inflected word forms and relationships between different stem forms of the same lexeme. We present results from a series of psycholinguistic experiments investigating German adjectives (which are inflected for case, number, and gender) and the so-called strong verbs of Ger…
The development of regular and irregular verb inflection in Spanish child language
We present morphological analyses of verb inflections produced by 15 Spanish-speaking children (age range: 1;7 to 4;7) taken from longitudinal and cross-sectional samples of spontaneous speech and narratives. Our main observation is the existence of a dissociation between regular and irregular processes in the distribution of errors: regular suffixes and unmarked (non-alternating) stems are over-extended to irregulars in children's inflection err…
Word Order in Sentence Processing
Antecedent Priming at Trace Positions in Japanese Long-Distance Scrambling
We report the results from three cross-modal lexical decision experiments investigating antecedent priming effects in Japanese. In the first two experiments we examined antecedent reactivation at the preverbal trace position in long-distance scrambling sentences. We found an interaction between the participants' working memory (WM) span and antecedent priming. For the high span group, the magnitude of antecedent priming at the trace position was …
Parsing Strategies in L1 and L2 Sentence Processing
To contribute to a better understanding of second language (L2) sentence processing, the present study examines how L2 learners parse temporarily ambiguous sentences containing relative clauses. Results are reported from both off-line and on-line experiments with three groups of advanced learners of Greek whose native languages (L1s) were Spanish, German, or Russian as well as from corresponding experiments with a control group of adult native sp…
Speeded production of inflected words in children and adults
This study examines the production of regular and irregular participle forms of German with high and low frequencies using a speeded production task. 40 children in two age groups (five- to seven-year olds, eleven- to twelve-year olds) and 35 adult native speakers of German listened to stem forms of verbs presented in a sentential context and were asked to produce corresponding participle forms as quickly and accurately as possible. Dependent var…
Psychology (45 obras) · Linguistics (44 obras) · Computer Science (32 obras) · Language Development and Disorders (32 obras) · Reading and Literacy Development (31 obras) · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism (30 obras) · Philosophy (27 obras) · German (20 obras) · Cognition (17 obras) · Natural language processing (16 obras)