Tammy Rhodes
Biographic Data
| ID | 74054 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tammy Rhodes |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tammy |
| FAMILY NAME | Rhodes |
| SIGNATURE | RHODES T |
| AFFILIATIONS | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2400-9838 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 174 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1037 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 174 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Young People Navigating the Looping Effects of Long Covid: Exhausting Agency and the ‘Ongoing After’ of Pandemic
Seeing beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic as an extraordinary spectacle situated in the past, we draw on qualitative research with young people to trace experiences of Long Covid as ‘looping effects’ of entangling physical and social impacts which intersect with, and extend, those of pandemic. Navigating the capacity to do ordinary things becomes highly contingent, and exhausting work, in the face of Long Covid. The physical impacts of illness, includi…
Vital yet Fragile: Informal Networks of Support Among Young People Navigating Long Covid
INTRODUCTION: Young people living with Long Covid face challenges accessing health care and social support. Previous qualitative research in the UK has described the 'invalidation' of Long Covid illness experience. It has been said that there is a 'double invisibility' produced by narratives that minimise the effects of Covid-19 among young people, which combine with a generalised lack of awareness of Long Covid itself. In this analysis, we look …
Evidencing work: Implementing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and on-demand dosing in Australia
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV infection, was initially implemented in Australia as a daily regimen, transforming HIV prevention. However, the process of implementation, and key shifts in the delivery of PrEP, such as the introduction of on-demand (non-daily) dosing, are not well understood. This study aimed to understand how key stakeholders put PrEP into practice, and the 'evidencing work' th…
The limits of promoting pleasure: Desiring-assemblages and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is said to have transformed pleasure and sexual practices in myriad ways. This article draws on interviews with PrEP users in Australia who had paused, stopped, or switched PrEP use in order to explore the varied affects and experiences of PrEP in relation to different dosing strategies. Drawing on the concept of ‘desiring-assemblages’, we considered ‘what can a body with PrEP do?’. Our analysis affirms PrEP as…
Making long‐acting treatment work: Tracing connections with extended‐release buprenorphine depot through time
The ‘knowing’ body in the becoming of buprenorphine depot treatment: A qualitative study
There is a tendency to approach the body as if passive, and as acted upon, in medical treatment studies. We undertook a longitudinal qualitative study of monthly buprenorphine depot, with 36 participants (25 men, 11 women; of whom 32 were followed up over three years). Our analysis draws attention to the body as an active actor in the becoming of buprenorphine depot treatment. We trace two scenarios of agency in which bodies participate. The firs…
Sustaining policy promise: Rhetorics of disease elimination and sustainable development
The focus of this paper is the discourse of the 'endgame' of disease elimination linked to the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim is to explore how policy promise is sustained in the face of faltering progress, such as when targets are missed or appear unreachable. Viewed via Lauren Berlant's work on the 'cruel optimism' of unmet promise, with Ben Anderson's work on affective attachments, the analysis looks first at the …
Object-oriented interviews in qualitative longitudinal research
This paper reflects on the use of objects in qualitative interview methods. We consider the use of objects in 'single' research events and in longitudinal designs. This leads us to consider how using objects in interviews situates in relation to time. Emphasizing the materiality of objects as well as how objects help to materialize events, experiences, and accounts, we explore what objects do and how we can practically work with objects, especial…
In search of a ‘good number’: Knowledge controversy and population estimates in the endgame of hepatitis C elimination
We explore the contentious life of a metric used to assess a country’s progress in relation to global disease elimination targets. Our topic is hepatitis C elimination, and our context is Australia. A fundamental metric in the calculation of progress toward hepatitis C elimination targets, as set by the WHO, is the population prevalence of people living with hepatitis C. In Australia, this modelled estimate has generated some controversy, largely…
The ‘missing’ in the ‘endgame’ of hepatitis C elimination: A qualitative study in New South Wales, Australia
Tinkering with care: Implementing extended-release buprenorphine depot treatment for opioid dependence
We examine how extended-release buprenorphine depot (BUP-XR) is put to use and made to work in implementation practices, attending to how care practices are challenged and adapted as a long-acting technology is introduced into service in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in Australia. Our approach is informed by ideas in science and technology studies (STS) emphasising the irreducible entanglement of care practices and technology, and in particular …
Exhausting care: On the collateral realities of caring in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic
We explore care as a site of multiplicity and tension. Working with the qualitative interview accounts of nineteen health care workers in Colombia, we trace a narrative of 'exhausting care' in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic. Accounts relate exhausting care to working without break in response to extraordinary demand, heightened contagion concern, the pressures of caring in the face of anticipated death, and efforts to carry on caring in …
Situating 'best practice': Making healthcare familiar and good enough in the face of unknowns
The relationship between ‘best practice’ as a set of evidence-informed principles and its actualization in situations of care has been the subject of significant critique across clinical and sociological health research. Precisely how ‘best practice’ gets done—in practice—is often not investigated in itself. Drawing from qualitative interviews with thirty-three healthcare workers involved in the care, management, and research of Covid-19 in a hos…
Undoing elimination: Modelling Australia’s way out of the Covid-19 pandemic
In the middle of 2020, with its borders tightly closed to the rest of the world, Australia almost achieved the local elimination of COVID-19 and subsequently maintained 'COVID-zero' in most parts of the country for the following year. Australia has since faced the relatively unique challenge of deliberately 'undoing' these achievements by progressively easing restrictions and reopening. Exploring the role of mathematical modelling in navigating a…
Understanding how PrEP is made successful: Implementation science needs an evidence-making approach
After a decade of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the next generation of PrEP is being anticipated, including long-acting pills, injections, and implants. The unevenness of international PrEP implementation is increasingly recognised, with successful rollout in some settings and failure in others. There is a need to better understand conditions of PrEP implementation, and its localised (and sometimes unanticipated) effects. Implementati…
Problematising the emergence of outbreak science in the governance of global health: Making time for slow dis-ease
There is growing investment in the development of new methods, networks, and infrastructures of knowledge coordination to prepare for disease threats to come. ‘Outbreak science’ is an emerging field that proposes to improve epidemic preparedness and precautionary response. But what are the effects of framing and governing ‘outbreaks’ in this anticipatory mode? What ways of knowing and doing preparedness and response does outbreak science open up …
Early warnings and slow deaths: A sociology of outbreak and overdose
In this paper, we offer a sociological analysis of early warning and outbreak in the field of drug policy, focusing on opioid overdose. We trace how 'outbreak' is enacted as a rupturing event which enables rapid reflex responses of precautionary control, based largely on short-term and proximal early warning indicators. We make the case for an alternative view of early warning and outbreak. We argue that practices of detection and projection that…
Caring for coca, living with chemicals: Towards ecological harm reduction
In this paper, we show how the materialisation of chemical harms linked to the cultivation of coca and its processing into coca paste reside in a wider politics of structural violence which is also situated ecologically. Drawing on the qualitative interview accounts of coca farmers in Putumayo, Colombia, we attend to practices of care in the field and in the laboratory. We look first at chemicals used in coca's cultivation (herbicides, fertilizer…
The fluid hospital: On the making of care environments in Covid-19
This paper explores the boundary-making practices enacted by the hospital. Taking a hospital in Sydney, Australia, as our case, we investigate how the hospital holds together as a care environment through the coordinating movements of many materials, spaces, bodies, technologies, and affects. Drawing on interviews with hospital healthcare workers involved in care, research, and management related to COVID-19, we examine the multiplying effects of…
The Social, Material, and Temporal Effects of Monthly Extended-Release Buprenorphine Depot Treatment for Opioid Dependence: An Australian Qualitative Study
Aims: This study examined the social, material and temporal effects of extended-release buprenorphine depot treatment (BUP-XR), among a group of participants commencing BUP-XR in Australia, and considered the situated potentials of these new opioid agonist treatment technologies. Methods: Using a longitudinal qualitative design, 36 participants (25 men, 11 women; mean age 44 years) were interviewed, with 32 followed-up, to generate accounts of BU…
Navigating Chemical Toxicity in Coca Production in the Colombian Borderlands of Putumayo
In Putumayo, a jungle borderland in southern Colombia, thousands of farmers derive their livelihood from the cultivation and processing of coca leaf, exposing themselves to fertilizers, pesticides, and other toxic chemicals on a daily basis. In this article, we show how the coca growers' relationship with chemicals and the health risks to which they are exposed, are politically and institutionally structured. We discuss the specific impact of ant…
Precarious Lives, Precarious Treatments: Making Drug Treatment Work in Northern Myanmar
We explore how precarious livelihoods intersect with precarious treatments for heroin dependency in a setting affected by longstanding conflicts and an illicit drug economy as well as by recent events of pandemic and political change. Working with 33 qualitative interviews with people who inject drugs in Kachin State, northern Myanmar, we explore how drug dependency treatment, especially methadone substitution, is made to work in efforts to susta…
Dosing practices made mundane: Enacting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence in domestic routines
Maintaining routines of medication dosing requires effort amidst the variabilities of everyday life. This article offers a sociomaterial analysis of how the oral HIV prevention regimen, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is put to use and made to work, including in situations which disrupt or complicate dosing regimes. Other than a daily pill, PrEP can be taken less frequently based on anticipated sexual activity and HIV risk, including 'on-demand'…
Can a new formulation of opiate agonist treatment alter stigma: Place, time and things in the experience of extended-release buprenorphine depot
Different Paths and Potentials to Harm Reduction in Different Welfare States: Drug Consumption Rooms in the United Kingdom, Denmark, and France
Different Paths and Potentials to Harm Reduction in Different Welfare States: Drug Consumption Rooms in the United Kingdom, Denmark, and France, an article from American Journal of Public Health, Vol 112 Issue S2
The social structural production of HIV risk among injecting drug users
Risk environments and drug harms: A social science for harm reduction approach
Risk Theory in Epidemic Times: Sex, Drugs and the Social Organisation of 'Risk Behaviour
‘Risk’ and ‘risk behaviour’ have become keywords in discourses about AIDS. Notions of risk behaviour in the field of HIV prevention and the addictions largely derive from epidemiological categorisations which have had a key role in constructing lay and scientific understandings of the ‘problems’ of AIDS and injecting drug use. This has encouraged are stricted vision which inadequately captures risk as it is understood and experienced by drug user…
They won't change it back in their heads that we're trash: The Intersection of Sex Work-Related Stigma and Evolving Policing Strategies
In Vancouver, Canada, there has been a continuous shift in the policing of sex work away from arresting sex workers, which led to the implementation of a policing strategy that explicitly prioritised the safety of sex workers and continued to target sex workers' clients. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 cisgender and five transgender women street-based sex workers about their working conditions. Data were analysed thematically and …
Risk, shame and the public injector: A qualitative study of drug injecting in South Wales
Love and intimacy in relationship risk management: HIV positive people and their sexual partners
This paper is about intimacy and its role in relationship risk management. Drawing on qualitative interviews with HIV positive people and their primary sexual partners it becomes apparent that a key tension in relationship risk management is the balance struck between 'relationship safety' and 'viral danger'. We find 'love' and 'intimacy' to be key features of relationship survival, with relationship intimacy and security signalled or strengthene…
Evidence-making interventions in health: A conceptual framing
Situational factors influencing drug injecting, risk reduction and syringe exchange in Togliatti City, Russian Federation: A Qualitative Study of Micro Risk Environment
Drug users' sexual relationships and the social organisation of risk: The sexual relationship as a site of risk management
Accounting for unprotected sex: Stories of Agency and Acceptability
Mathematical models as public troubles in Covid-19 infection control: Following the Numbers
Mathematical models are key actors in policy and public responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The projections from COVID-19 models travel beyond science into policy decisions and social life. Treating models as 'boundary objects', and focusing on media and public communications, we 'follow the numbers' to trace the social life of key projections from prominent mathematical models of COVID-19. Public deliberations and controversies about models and …
The biopolitics of engagement and the HIV cascade of care: A Synthesis of the Literature on Patient Citizenship and Antiretroviral Therapy
The 'cascade of care' construct is increasingly used in public health to map the trajectory of local HIV epidemics and of different HIV populations. The notion of 'patient engagement' is key to the progress of people living with HIV through the various 'steps' of the cascade as currently conceptualised. The public health literature on the definition, measurement and interpretation of cascade of care frameworks is growing in parallel with critical…
Methods to Recruit Hard-to-Reach Groups: Comparing Two Chain Referral Sampling Methods of Recruiting Injecting Drug Users Across Nine Studies in Russia and Estonia
Evidence suggests rapid diffusion of injecting drug use and associated outbreaks of HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the Russian Federation and Eastern Europe. There remains a need for research among non-treatment and community-recruited samples of IDUs to better estimate the dynamics of HIV transmission and to improve treatment and health services access. We compare two sampling methodologies "respondent-driven sampling" (RDS) and chain …
Parents who use drugs: Accounting for damage and its limitation
Preventing hepatitis C: Common sense', 'the bug' and other perspectives from the risk narratives of people who inject drugs
Making evidence and policy in public health emergencies: Lessons from Covid-19 for adaptive evidence-making and intervention
Background: In public health emergencies, evidence, intervention, decisions and translation proceed simultaneously, in greatly compressed timeframes, with knowledge and advice constantly in flux. Idealised approaches to evidence-based policy and practice are ill equipped to deal with the uncertainties arising in evolving situations of need. Key points for discussion: There is much to learn from rapid assessment and outbreak science approaches. Th…
Over here, it's just drugs, women and all the madness: The HIV risk environment of clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico
The Lived Experience of Hepatitis C and its Treatment Among Injecting Drug Users: Qualitative Synthesis
Hepatitis C virus infection is a stigmatized condition because of its close association with injecting drug use. There is a need to explore how people who inject drugs (IDUs) perceive hepatitis C, including in relation to treatment experience. We undertook a review, using a qualitative synthesis approach, of English-language qualitative research focusing on the lived experience of hepatitis C among IDUs. The review included 25 published articles …
Violence, dignity and HIV vulnerability: Street sex work in Serbia
Sex work can be contextualised by violence, social and material inequality, and HIV vulnerability. We undertook a qualitative study to explore female and transvestite sex workers' accounts (n = 31) of HIV risk environment in Belgrade and Pančevo, Serbia. Violence emerged as a key theme. Accounts emphasise the ubiquity of multiple forms of everyday violence - physical, emotional, social - in street sex work scenes, linked to police as much as clie…
Accounting for risk and responsibility associated with smoking among mothers of children with respiratory illness
Contemporary public health discourses construct individuals as rational, responsible and knowledgeable, and thus promote a self-controlled prudent response to risk. In the context of evidence emphasising risks to children's health associated with passive smoking, mothers of children with respiratory illness may knowingly place their children at increased risk should they continue to smoke in their presence. Drawing on an analysis of depth qualita…
Negotiating access to medical treatment and the making of patient citizenship: The case of hepatitis C treatment
Drawing on qualitative interview accounts with people who have injected drugs, we deploy ideas of biological and therapeutic citizenship to explore how the negotiation of access to hepatitis C treatment enacts patient citizenship potential. We find that the patient citizenship made through hepatitis C treatment divides those who are deserving from those who are not, largely in relation to their presentations of self-control, responsibility and re…
Medical promise and the recalibration of expectation: Hope and HIV treatment engagement in a transitional setting
Exploring Barriers to ‘Respondent Driven Sampling’ in Sex Worker and Drug-Injecting Sex Worker Populations in Eastern Europe
Respondent driven sampling (RDS) has been used in several counties to sample injecting drug users, sex workers (SWs) and men who have sex with men and as a means of collecting behavioural and biological health data. We report on the use of RDS in three separate studies conducted among SWs between 2004 and 2005 in the Russian Federation, Serbia, and Montenegro. Findings suggest that there are limitations associated with the use of RDS in SW popula…
Embodied Accounts of HIV and Hope: Using Audio Diaries With Interviews
Capturing the complexity of the experience of chronic illness over time presents significant methodological and ethical challenges. In this article, we present methodological and substantive insights from a longitudinal qualitative study with 20 people living with HIV in Serbia. We used both repeated in-depth interviews and audio diaries to explore the role of hope in coping with and managing HIV. Using thematic longitudinal analysis, we found th…
The becoming-methadone-body: On the Onto-Politics of Health Intervention Translations
In this paper, we reflect on health intervention translations as matters of their implementation practices. Our case is methadone treatment, an intervention promoted globally for treating opioid dependence and preventingHIVamong people who inject drugs. Tracing methadone's translations in high-security prisons in the Kyrgyz Republic, we notice the multiple methadones made possible, what these afford, and the onto-political effects they make. We w…
A Quantitative Analysis of Alternative Theatre Locations
Quantitative techniques are becoming increasingly used in forecasts of land-use demand for urban planning. This paper relates to a regression analysis employed in making estimates of future trips to a new theatre to be located on one of two potential sites in the London Borough of Havering. The study describes first the basic survey, then model design, calibration and statistical validation and finally the use of the model for a comparative proje…
Computer models in sub-regional planning
Rhodes T. (1969) Computer models in sub-regional planning, Reg. Studies 3, 331–336. The application of systems analysis techniques to urban research and their exploitation through the use of larger, faster computers is likely to transform traditional approaches to land-use forecasting. There is no shortage of conceptual models for use in sub-regional planning: however, there are relatively few operational models available to practising planners, …
Equity, Statistics and the Distribution of the Rate Support Grant
Central government grants finance over sixty per cent of local authority expenditure and one grant in particular, the Rate Support Grant, finances over fifty per cent. Hence the annual distribution of the Rate Support Grant attracts considerable attention on the part of local authorities. However, the trend in shares of grant since local government reorganization, which has increasingly favoured London and the Metropolitan areas at the expense of…
Selling safer sex: Aids education and advertising
TIM RHODES, ROBERT SHAUGHNESSY; Selling safer sex: AIDS education and advertising, Health Promotion International, Volume 4, Issue 1, 1 January 1989, Pages
Prevention in practice: Obstacles and opportunities
General Practitioners are excellently placed within the community to provide health education and advice in relation to HIV infection and AIDS. This paper will report on some of the findings from the first national study of HIV infection and general practice in England and Wales. The findings cast light on the preparedness of practitioners to undertake health education on HIV infection. Findings that relate to the extent of contact that practitio…
Compulsory Screening: Advertising Aids in Britain, 1986-89
Since 1986 we have witnessed a succession of mass media campaigns that have aimed to provide information about HIV infection and AIDS. From the now notorious Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) iceberg and tombstone motifs designed to imprint the word ‘AIDS’ on the ‘general public’ consciousness, to the Health Education Authority’s (HEA’s) attempts to address the ‘realities’ of heterosexual sexual behaviour, the campaigns have been wi…
Experience and preparation of community nursing staff for work associated with HIV infection and Aids
HIV prevalence and HIV risk behaviour among injecting drug users in London and Glasgow
This paper reports on the British findings from a cross-national study of HIV prevalence and HIV risk behaviour among 1,037 injecting drug users (IDUs) recruited from a variety of treatment- and community-based settings during 1990. Confirmed HIV saliva test results show 12.8% (63) of London respondents and 1.8% (8) of Glasgow respondents to be HIV antibody positive. Among London respondents, a higher rate of prevalence was found in those with no…
HIV prevalence no higher among female drug injectors also involved in prostitution
To assess the prevalence of HIV infection among female drug injectors involved in prostitution and female drug injectors not involved in prostitution, survey-based interviews were undertaken with 308 female drug injectors in 1990 and 1991. Confirmed saliva test results show 12.9% HIV prevalence among female drug injectors involved in prostitution and 14.4% HIV prevalence among drug injectors not involved in prostitution. This gives an HIV prevale…
What is the relationship between drug taking and sexual risk? Social relations and social research
This paper examines the dynamics of the relationship between drug taking, sexual activity and sexual risk. While epidemiological research has provided essential indicators of levels of drug taking and sexual risk behaviour, the determinants of the relationship between drug-taking and sexual risk remain unclear. A review of recent epidemiological research indicates two main contentions. First, that the use of certain drugs increases (or decreases)…
Risk Theory in Epidemic Times: Sex, Drugs and the Social Organisation of 'Risk Behaviour
‘Risk’ and ‘risk behaviour’ have become keywords in discourses about AIDS. Notions of risk behaviour in the field of HIV prevention and the addictions largely derive from epidemiological categorisations which have had a key role in constructing lay and scientific understandings of the ‘problems’ of AIDS and injecting drug use. This has encouraged are stricted vision which inadequately captures risk as it is understood and experienced by drug user…
'Unsafe protected sex': Qualitative insights on measures of sexual risk
To describe forms of unsafe protected sex (vaginal or anal intercourse where condoms are used unsafely) among a sample of drug users in London, data are drawn from a qualitative study of the sexual and drug taking lifestyles of opioid and stimulant users. Depth one-to-one interviews (n = 96) elicited detailed descriptions from interviewees of their sexual behaviour, including the last occasions they had protected and unprotected sex. Analysis of …
Differences in sexual behaviour and condom use among cocaine and opioid injectors in Santos, Toronto and London
Drug users' sexual relationships and the social organisation of risk: The sexual relationship as a site of risk management
HIV infection associated with drug injecting in the Newly Independent States, eastern Europe: The social and economic context of epidemics
Aims. We review recent trends in HIV associated with injecting drug use (IDU) in the Newly Independent States (NIS) in eastern Europe, including Belarus, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan in central Asia. We aim to draw attention to the social and economic "risk environments" in which rapid HIV spread among IDUs has occurred. Methods. Findings draw on centrally registered HIV surveillance data, published research studies and assessment rep…
Sustaining sexual safety in relationships: Hiv positive people and their sexual partners
This paper presents findings on how sexual safety is sustained in relationships. A qualitative study was undertaken to gather data on the social relations of sexual negotiation and safety among HIV positive people and their sexual partners. HIV positive people were found to avoid close relationships because of the difficulties of sustaining safer sex with regular partners. In response, many sought HIV positive concordant partners, and unprotected…
Rapid assessment in the drugs field
Origins of an epidemic: The methodological and political emergence of rapid assessment
Love and intimacy in relationship risk management: HIV positive people and their sexual partners
This paper is about intimacy and its role in relationship risk management. Drawing on qualitative interviews with HIV positive people and their primary sexual partners it becomes apparent that a key tension in relationship risk management is the balance struck between 'relationship safety' and 'viral danger'. We find 'love' and 'intimacy' to be key features of relationship survival, with relationship intimacy and security signalled or strengthene…
On the Qualitative in Drugs Research: Part Two
Promoting rational drug policy
On the Qualitative in Drugs Research: Part One
2001). On the Qualitative in Drugs Research: Part One. Addiction Research & Theory: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 279-297
The ‘risk environment’: A framework for understanding and reducing drug-related harm
Accounting for unprotected sex: Stories of Agency and Acceptability
Risk factors associated with drug use: The importance of ‘risk environment’
This paper discusses research findings on non-biological risk factors associated with illicit drug use. There is an established body of North American research in this field, and a growing European literature. We find that there is an interplay of individual and environmental factors associated with drug use, with the permeation of their interactions potentially limitless. Within the behavioural science literature, we identify three main analytic…
Medicine (131 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (109 works) · Sociology (91 works) · Political science (84 works) · Psychology (84 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (59 works) · Psychiatry (57 works) · Social Psychology (42 works) · Family medicine (40 works) · Environmental health (39 works)