Frederik Kortlandt
Biographic Data
| ID | 741118 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Frederik Kortlandt |
| GIVEN NAMES | Frederik |
| FAMILY NAME | Kortlandt |
| SIGNATURE | KORTLANDT F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Leiden University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 105 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 11 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 105 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
What is the origin of the Balto-Slavic acute
Baltic ē ‐stems revisited
Balto-Slavic ē‐stems represent Proto-Indo-European root nouns, in particular *dheH1‐, and H1‐stems, especially proterodynamic iH1‐stems denoting deverbal abstracts, as well as Proto-Balto-Slavic ē‐extensions of root nouns and hysterodynamic iH2‐stems. In Latin we similarly find PIE root nouns and H1‐stems, especially proterodynamic iH1‐stems denoting deverbal abstracts, and hysterodynamic iH2‐stems denoting denominal abstracts and collectives
A note on long vowel preterits
Yoko Yamazaki states that I subscribe to the “reduplication theory” of long vowel preterits. Nothing could be farther from the truth
Inherent versus configurational features
There is no example of phonological loss of a High tone on the basis of its position in a word form (as opposed to tonal shift and syntactically conditioned loss). The typological parallels adduced by Olander are all instances of doubly accented word forms resulting from the rise of a new High tone. The new High tone on an initial syllable can be attributed to contact with languages that have initial stress
Aprioristic versus empirical linguistics
The reconstruction of Balto-Slavic accentuation requires a careful examination of the data rather than the postulation of wild ideas in need of countless additional hypotheses in order to eliminate the counter-evidence
Van Wijk’s law and questions of relative chronology
Babik rejects Van Wijk’s law on the basis of such forms as *volja ‘will’, *melje–‘grind’, *gorje ‘worse’ because he would expect metathesis in these words if *j was an ordinary consonant. Since the rise of geminates preceded the metathesis of liquids, the assumption is fallacious. Babik thinks that in my view, the lengthening before tautosyllabic liquids was concomitant with the metathesis in Ce/oRC sequences. This is incorrect
Razvoj vokalne dolžine v slovanščini
V prednaglasnih zlogih so dolgi vokali izšli iz Dybojevega zakona, medtem ko so v naglašenih in ponaglasnih zlogih nadaljevanje praindoevropskih vokalov s podaljšano stopnjo in narečnih indoevropskih kontrakcij in so izšli iz slovanske monoftongizacije diftongov ter so po nastanku novih barvnih razlik nasledek Van Wijkovega zakona in kontrakcij v ponaglasnih zlogih, v naglasni paradigmi (c) umika naglasa s končnih jerov in daljšanja v enozložnica…
The Balto-Slavic word for ‘crane’ and its cognates
Balto-Slavic *gerHōu, obl. *gerHu‐ from Indo-European *ǵerH2ōu, *grH2u‐ beside *ǵerH2‐H1ēn, *grH2‐H1n‐ reflected in other languages
A note on Old Prussian epigram
The Old Prussian epigram was probably written by a Bavarian scribe to whom the text was dictated by a native speaker of Prussian
Pedersen’s law and the rise of distinctive tone in Baltic and Slavic
According to Pedersen’s law, the accent was retracted in Lith. acc.sg. dùkterį ‘daughter’
Balto-Slavic acute
There is no evidence for an acute as the phonetic reflex of a lengthened grade vowel in Balto-Slavic
Active participles in Baltic
The nom.pl. form of the active participles continues the original neuter sg. form, e.g. Lith. jái nuo dárbo rankàs suką̃. It is an impersonal predicative form to be compared with the Proto-Indo-European uninflected predicative form in *‐om that has been preserved in Old Prussian
Proto-Baltic
There is little or no evidence for a period of common West and East Baltic innovations after the period of common Balto-Slavic developments before the separation of Slavic from the Baltic languages. The terms “Proto-Baltic” and “Proto-Balto-Slavic” refer to the same thing, and Slavic may alternatively be called “South Baltic”. The opposite view is taken by Miguel Villanueva Svensson (2014) and Eugen Hill (2016). Here I specify the differences whi…
On method
The basis of linguistic reconstruction is the comparative method, which starts from the assumption that there is “a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident”, implying the existence of a common source (thus Sir William Jones in 1786). It follows that there must be a possible sequence of developments from the reconstructed system to the attested data. These develo…
What is Stang’s law
Stang’s law is an ambiguous concept. On the one hand, it refers to a retraction of the stress from non-acute long vowels to the preceding syllable in Slavic. On the other hand, it refers to the development of acc.sg. Vedic dyā́m ‘sky’, gā́m ‘bull, cow’, Greek Ζῆν(α), βῶν, from *dieum, *gwoum. Stang derived the long vowel from the diphthong before the tautosyllabic nasal consonant. Alternatively, the long vowel can be attributed to monosyllabic le…
Baltic, Slavic, Germanic
The western Indo-European vocabulary in Baltic and Slavic is the result of an Indo-European substratum which contained an older non-Indo-European layer and was part of the Corded Ware horizon. The numbers show that a considerable part of the vocabulary was borrowed after the split between Baltic and Slavic, which came about when their speakers moved westwards north and south of the Pripet marshes. Germanic and Balto-Slavic were never contiguous I…
Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian
The closest relatives of Balto-Slavic are Albanian and Indo-Iranian. Together with Armenian and Thracian, these are the satǝm languages, which together with Greek and Phrygian constitute the eastern part of Classic Indo-European. The obvious common development in this area is the satǝm palatalization, which did not affect Greek and Phrygian. Indo-Iranian was separated from the other satǝm languages by the depalatalization of palatovelars before r…
The inflexion of the Indo-European o -stems in Balto-Slavic
The Balto-Slavic endings of the o‐stems were sg. nom. *‐os, acc. *‐um, neuter nom.acc. *‐o, *‐um, gen. *‐ō, dat. *‐ōi, inst. *‐oʔ, loc. *‐oi, voc. *‐e, pl. nom. *‐oi, acc. *‐oʔns, neuter nom.acc. *‐aʔ, gen. *‐um, dat. *‐omus, inst. *‐ōis, loc. *‐oisu, du. nom.acc. masc. *‐oʔ, neuter *‐oi, gen. *‐ōus, dat.inst. *‐omoʔ, loc. *‐ōu. The Balto-Slavic endings of the o‐stems were sg. nom. *‐os, acc. *‐um, neuter nom.acc. *‐o, *‐um, gen. *‐ō, dat. *‐ōi, …
Thematic and athematic present endings in Balto-Slavic and Indo-European
While the original primary thematic endings were preserved quite well in Balto-Slavic, they were often replaced by the corresponding athematic endings following the thematic vowel *‐e/o‐ in the other Indo-European languages, thus bringing them into line with the secondary endings. Without taking the semantics of the thematic flexion into consideration, Warren Cowgill has forcefully defended the traditional view that apart from the 1st sg. ending …
Metatony in monosyllables
There are two chronological layers of metatonical circumflex in monosyllables, viz. an early Balto-Slavic layer which is reflected e.g. in Lith. dė̃s, jõs, duõs and a recent Aukštaitian layer which is found e.g. in nom.pl. tiẽ, acc.pl. tuõs, inst.sg. tuõ. Leskien’s law was younger than the former but older than the latter. This analysis is not based on a comparison with Slavic or Indo-European but on the internal evidence of the East Baltic langu…
Reconstructing Balto-Slavic and Indo-European
The history of Indo-European studies shows that the reconstruction of the proto-language is likely to have a bias toward the languages on which it relies primarily. It has always been popular to explain the data of more recently attested languages from a reconstruction on the basis of the oldest known languages. As an offshoot of this methodology, there have been attempts to derive the attested data from a postulated system which is beyond what c…
Balto-Slavic personal pronouns and their accentuation
The major difference between Kapović’s reconstructions and mine is the huge number of doublets which he assumes for his proto-languages. It is reasonable to assume that much of this variation is secondary and must not be dated back to the proto-language. The acute of 1st pl. *noʔs and 2nd pl. *woʔs is not the result of “monosyllabic lengthening” but originated from the initial zero grade of PIE acc. *nsme and *usme. Kapović’s hypothesis of a PIE …
The origins of Balto-Slavic accentual mobility
Vedic had a restricted tone system which can also be assumed for Proto-Indo-European. Various proposed rules generating the characteristic lateral mobility of Balto-Slavic accentuation are superfluous if one starts from a strict comparative analysis of the Indo-European nominal flexion. There is an essential difference between Baltic and Slavic accentual mobility: Baltic mobility is between the root and the ending of a word form whereas Slavic mo…
Proto-Indo-European verbal syntax
It is argued that the PIE thematic flexion can be compared with the objective conjugation of the Uralic languages. The thematic vowel referred to an object in the absolutive (asigraatic nominative) case. I. In 1901 C. C. Uhlenbeck concluded from the identity of the nominative and the accusative of the neuter in the Indo-Euro-pean languages that the differentiation of these cases is second-ary. For an early period of the proto-language he assumes …
Modelling the phoneme
Glottalic consonants in Sindhi and proto-Indo-European
1, 'g in this article, s There is no dental implosive stop. The phonemic status of the implosives is beyond doubt, cf. bakhU 'sacrifice of goat', 'bakhU 'embrace', d. it.hO 'bold', 'd.i.thO 'seen',/a~/ ' r r' 'barley', ~a~ 'lac', gacU mo ra , 'gacU 'much' 6 The topic of this article is their historical origin. 3. As Turner points out, a detailed examination of the words in which they occur shows that initially 'g '/'c/'b correspond to initial g-,…
On the history of the genitive plural in Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, and Indo-European
Toward a reconstruction of the Balto-Slavic verbal system
La phrase nominale en russe
A history of Slavic accentuation
Sur L’identification Des Unités Phonologiques Du Castillan
Russian Nominal Flexion
In this article I intend to give a description of the flexion of the Russian nominal System in terms of morphonemes. The description is based chiefly on Zaliznjak 1967. Following Russian usage I include morpho-nemes in
Tones in Wakashan
1. In the summer of 1972 I spent ten weeks in the village of Klemtu, B.C., where I studied the Heiltsuk language. During this period I collected a vocabulary of over 4000 words. My main Informant was Mr. William Freeman. The investigation was financed by the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.). The Heiltsuk language, which belongs to the Northern (Kwakiutlic) brauch of the Wakashan language family, is spoken in …
Slavic Accentuation
fiom the authoi
Historical laws of Baltic accentuation
Исторические законыбалтийской акцентуации В статье обсуждается относительная хронология развития балтийской акцентуационной системы от индоевропейского праязыка до современных восточнобалтийских языков. Автор возводит балто-славянскую акутовую интонацию к индоевропейским ларингальным и глоттализованным (в классической теории, звонким непридыхательным) согласным, а циркумфлексовую – к ранним стяжениям и удлинениям. Хронология акцентуационных явле…
A history of Slavic accentuation
On the history of the genitive plural in Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, and Indo-European
Toward a reconstruction of the Balto-Slavic verbal system
La phrase nominale en russe
Glottalic consonants in Sindhi and proto-Indo-European
1, 'g in this article, s There is no dental implosive stop. The phonemic status of the implosives is beyond doubt, cf. bakhU 'sacrifice of goat', 'bakhU 'embrace', d. it.hO 'bold', 'd.i.thO 'seen',/a~/ ' r r' 'barley', ~a~ 'lac', gacU mo ra , 'gacU 'much' 6 The topic of this article is their historical origin. 3. As Turner points out, a detailed examination of the words in which they occur shows that initially 'g '/'c/'b correspond to initial g-,…
Innovations which betray archaisms
Ie *Pt in Slavic
Linguistic Theory, Universals, and Slavic Accentuation
Tho outlook reflected in G's analysis is that of struoturalisrn at its best: and it shares with empiricist vavioties of structuralism an agnostic attitudo toward linguistic theory and universale. This attitude appears in G's reluctance to assign phonological features lo such prosodic oatogories as STRONG and CIRCUMFLEX, and in Ms skepticism toward the typological considerations that have traditionally played an important role in the field. Wo hav…
The Progressive Palatalization of Slavic
Contemporary mainstream linguistics has a strong theoreticai bias.This has offcen led to a negligent attitude toward the data, especially among linguists of a generative persuasionA Adequate knowledge of the material, though a prerequisite for any useful scholarly activity, is no guarantee of a valid analysis, however.In the following I intend to show how one or two false theoreticai assumptions can.lead astray a scholar who is known for his insi…
Long vowels in Balto-Slavic
Proto-Indo-European Glottalic Stops
According to the traditional view, the Indo-European protolanguage possessed four series of stops, which correspond to Old Indic i, th, d, dh.The laryngeal theory has made clear that th does not reflect a unitary phoneme of the proto-language but a sequence of i plus laryngeal.Many scholars have seen that this leaves the reconstructed proto-language with a typologically improbable System of obstruents.Some have concluded that we have to return to…
The Syncretism of Nominative and Accusative Singular in Armenian
The Germanic First Class of Weak Verbs
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The formation of the Old Prussian present tense
Proto-Germanic Obstruents
Lithuanian statýti and related formations
On Methods of Dealing WTTH Facts and Opinions in a Treatment of the Progressive Palatalization of Slavic
Article ON METHODS OF DEALING WTTH FACTS AND OPINIONS IN A TREATMENT OF THE PROGRESSIVE PALATALIZATION OF SLAVIC was published on January 1, 1989 in the journal Folia Linguistica (volume 22, issue Historica-vol-9-2)
The Germanic Third Class of Weak Verbs
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Kluge's Law and the Rise of Proto-Germanic Geminates
The Germanic Seventh Class of Strong Verbs
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Linguistics and language evolution (85 works) · Philosophy (85 works) · Linguistics (78 works) · History (52 works) · Slavic languages (36 works) · Linguistics and Cultural Studies (32 works) · Computer Science (24 works) · Mathematics (22 works) · Art (17 works) · Linguistic research and analysis (16 works)