Loren Brandt
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 742049 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Loren Brandt |
| PRENOMES | Loren |
| SOBRENOME | Brandt |
| ASSINATURA | BRANDT L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Toronto |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 41 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 345 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1985 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Where has all the dynamism gone? Productivity growth in China’s manufacturing sector, 1998–2013
Land Concentration and Income Distribution in Republican China
Land Security and Mobility Frictions
Developing countries are characterized by frictions that impede the mobility of workers across occupations and space. We disentangle the role of insecure property rights from other labor mobility frictions for the reallocation of labor from agriculture to non-agriculture and from rural to urban areas. We combine rich household and individual-level panel data from China and an equilibrium quantitative framework that features the sorting of workers…
Land Security and Mobility Frictions
Market constraints, misallocation, and productivity in Vietnam agriculture
We examine important changes in agriculture in Vietnam in the context of ongoing structural changes in the economy. We use a household-level panel dataset and a quantitative framework to document the extent and consequences of factor misallocation in agriculture during the period between 2006 and 2016. Despite rapid growth in agricultural productivity and a reallocation of factor inputs to more productive farmers, we find that misallocation acros…
Does investment in national highways help or hurt hinterland city growth
WTO Accession and Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Firms
We examine the effects of trade liberalization in China on the evolution of markups and productivity of manufacturing firms. Although these dimensions of performance cannot be separately identified when firm output is measured by revenue, detailed price deflators make it possible to estimate the average effect of tariff reductions on both. Several novel findings emerge. First, cuts in output tariffs reduce markups, but raise productivity. Second,…
Roads, Railroads, and Decentralization of Chinese Cities
We investigate how urban railroad and highway configurations have influenced urban form in Chinese cities since 1990. Each radial highway displaces 4% of central city population to surrounding regions, and ring roads displace about an additional 20%, with stronger effects in the richer coastal and central regions. Each radial railroad reduces central city industrial GDP by about 20%, with ring roads displacing an additional 50%. We provide eviden…
Growth with equity
Constructing a Ladder for Growth
Challenges of working with the Chinese NBS firm-level data
From Divergence to Convergence
China's long-term economic dynamics pose a formidable challenge to economic historians. The Qing Empire (1644–1911), the world's largest national economy before 1800, experienced a tripling of population during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries with no signs of diminishing per capita income. While the timing remains in dispute, a vast gap emerged between newly rich industrial nations and China's lagging economy in the wake of the Industria…
Compensating for unequal parental investments in schooling
Factor market distortions across time, space and sectors in China
Creative accounting or creative destruction? Firm-level productivity growth in Chinese manufacturing
Did Higher Inequality Impede Growth in Rural China
Journal Article Did Higher Inequality Impede Growth in Rural China? Get access Dwayne Benjamin, Dwayne Benjamin University of Toronto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Loren Brandt, Loren Brandt University of Toronto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Giles John Giles The World Bank Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economi…
The Fight for the Middle
Interest-Free Loans between Villagers
Interest‐free loans are a common feature of low‐income rural economies. In much of the economics literature, lending at zero and positive interest are viewed as being highly segmented in the community, with interest‐free loans an essential component of long‐term mutual consumption agreements between households. An alternative interpretation is that zero‐interest loans are a credit contract that, in lieu of interest, includes an option allowing th…
China's Great Economic Transformation
This landmark study provides an integrated analysis of China's unexpected economic boom of the past three decades. The authors combine deep China expertise with broad disciplinary knowledge to explain China's remarkable combination of high-speed growth and deeply flawed institutions. Their work exposes the mechanisms underpinning the origin and expansion of China's great boom. Penetrating studies track the rise of Chinese capabilities in manufact…
Spatial Price Differences in China
Prices differ across space: from province to province, from rural (or urban) areas in one province to rural (or urban) areas in another province, and from rural to urban areas within one province. Systematic differences in prices across a range of goods and services in different localities imply regional differences in the costs of living. If high-income provinces also have high costs of living and low-income provinces have low costs of living, t…
The Evolution of Income Inequality in Rural China
In this article we analyze trends in income inequality and the distribution of income in rural China from 1987 to 1999. We find an uneven but long‐run increase in inequality in rural China and show that nearly half of the rural population was not much better off in 1999 than at the start of the period. We rule out geography as the most important factor for explaining income differences and the increases that occurred over time. Much more importan…
Local Government Behavior and Property Right Formation in Rural China
Secure land tenure is important to the development process, but China's rural reforms have so far failed to provide farm households with this security. We examine the political economy of land tenure and find that local governments sacrifice tenure security in the interests of efficiency and equity. Local rent seeking also plays an important role, and is a likely source of the under-development of land rental markets. Our results further suggest …
Bank discrimination in transition economies
Competition under credit rationing
Property rights, labour markets, and efficiency in a transition economy
We investigate the consequences of imperfect factor market development for farm efficiency in North China. We estimate the extent to which an inverse relationship in farm productivity can be attributed to the administrative (as opposed to market) allocation of land, combined with unevenly developed off–farm opportunities. Using a new household survey, we find considerable inefficiency in the use of labour. This inefficiency is alleviated by exter…
Creative accounting or creative destruction? Firm-level productivity growth in Chinese manufacturing
Land Rights in Rural China
The Fight for the Middle
Redistribution in a Decentralized Economy
Despite expanding at an annual rate of nearly 9 percent, China's economy has exhibited a marked cyclical pattern: Periods of rapid growth, accompanied by accelerating inflation, are followed by contractions during which both growth and inflation fall. A widening gap also emerged between the output contribution of the state sector and its share of investment and employment. In this paper, we offer a consistent explanation for this behavior that re…
Does investment in national highways help or hurt hinterland city growth
The Evolution of Income Inequality in Rural China
In this article we analyze trends in income inequality and the distribution of income in rural China from 1987 to 1999. We find an uneven but long‐run increase in inequality in rural China and show that nearly half of the rural population was not much better off in 1999 than at the start of the period. We rule out geography as the most important factor for explaining income differences and the increases that occurred over time. Much more importan…
Constructing a Ladder for Growth
Spatial Price Differences in China
Prices differ across space: from province to province, from rural (or urban) areas in one province to rural (or urban) areas in another province, and from rural to urban areas within one province. Systematic differences in prices across a range of goods and services in different localities imply regional differences in the costs of living. If high-income provinces also have high costs of living and low-income provinces have low costs of living, t…
Land, Factor Markets, and Inequality in Rural China
Chinese agriculture and the international economy, 1870–1930
Interwar Japanese Agriculture
Growth with equity
Did Higher Inequality Impede Growth in Rural China
Journal Article Did Higher Inequality Impede Growth in Rural China? Get access Dwayne Benjamin, Dwayne Benjamin University of Toronto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Loren Brandt, Loren Brandt University of Toronto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Giles John Giles The World Bank Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economi…
Competition under credit rationing
Farm Household Behavior, Factor Markets, and the Distributive Consequences of Commercialization in Early Twentieth-Century China
Unlike the case of many low-income countries, farm-level survey data show no major differences across farm sizes with regard to decision-making and economic efficiency. This similarity is attributed to the operation of efficient and competitive markets which households used effectively to offset imbalances in resource endowment. If this holds true from the 1880s to the 1930s, perhaps the benefits of commercialization were more evenly distributed …
Soft budget constraint and inflation cycles
Beyond Malthus and Ricardo
The article reexamines the connection between rural landownership and income distribution in light of recent evidence suggesting economic growth in China in the early twentieth century. The study utilizes a government-organized national survey of landholding and income-earning in 1930s’ China and three household-level village surveys conducted by Japanese researchers in the 1930s. Our investigations produce evidence contrary to the currently held…
Markets, Discrimination, and the Economic Contribution of Women in China
Interest-Free Loans between Villagers
Interest‐free loans are a common feature of low‐income rural economies. In much of the economics literature, lending at zero and positive interest are viewed as being highly segmented in the community, with interest‐free loans an essential component of long‐term mutual consumption agreements between households. An alternative interpretation is that zero‐interest loans are a credit contract that, in lieu of interest, includes an option allowing th…
Credit, Incentives, and Reputation
A hedonic analysis of principal-agent employment contracts is developed, in which workers and employers exchange labor services and contractual payment patterns, and is applied to contract data from a household-level survey in rural China in 1935. The results indicate that credit-market constraints motivated workers' and employers' contract choices; that shirking by workers rather than by employers was the dominant incentive issue; that reputatio…
Commercialization and Agricultural Development
Land Security and Mobility Frictions
Developing countries are characterized by frictions that impede the mobility of workers across occupations and space. We disentangle the role of insecure property rights from other labor mobility frictions for the reallocation of labor from agriculture to non-agriculture and from rural to urban areas. We combine rich household and individual-level panel data from China and an equilibrium quantitative framework that features the sorting of workers…
Market constraints, misallocation, and productivity in Vietnam agriculture
We examine important changes in agriculture in Vietnam in the context of ongoing structural changes in the economy. We use a household-level panel dataset and a quantitative framework to document the extent and consequences of factor misallocation in agriculture during the period between 2006 and 2016. Despite rapid growth in agricultural productivity and a reallocation of factor inputs to more productive farmers, we find that misallocation acros…
Chinese agriculture and the international economy, 1870–1930
Farm Household Behavior, Factor Markets, and the Distributive Consequences of Commercialization in Early Twentieth-Century China
Unlike the case of many low-income countries, farm-level survey data show no major differences across farm sizes with regard to decision-making and economic efficiency. This similarity is attributed to the operation of efficient and competitive markets which households used effectively to offset imbalances in resource endowment. If this holds true from the 1880s to the 1930s, perhaps the benefits of commercialization were more evenly distributed …
Beyond Malthus and Ricardo
The article reexamines the connection between rural landownership and income distribution in light of recent evidence suggesting economic growth in China in the early twentieth century. The study utilizes a government-organized national survey of landholding and income-earning in 1930s’ China and three household-level village surveys conducted by Japanese researchers in the 1930s. Our investigations produce evidence contrary to the currently held…
A flexible model of factor biased technological change An application to Japanese agriculture
Commercialization and Agricultural Development
Commercialization and Agricultural Development
Introduction 2. Chinese agriculture and the international economy 3. Price formation, marketing, and output in agriculture 4. The accelerated commercialization of agriculture 5. Productivity change and incomes in the rural sector 6. The distributive consequences of commercialization 7. Conclusion Notes References Index.
Interwar Japanese Agriculture
Markets, Discrimination, and the Economic Contribution of Women in China
Credit, Incentives, and Reputation
A hedonic analysis of principal-agent employment contracts is developed, in which workers and employers exchange labor services and contractual payment patterns, and is applied to contract data from a household-level survey in rural China in 1935. The results indicate that credit-market constraints motivated workers' and employers' contract choices; that shirking by workers rather than by employers was the dominant incentive issue; that reputatio…
Reflections on China's Late 19th and Early 20th-century Economy
The basic structure of the Republican economy at its pre-1949 peak is not much in dispute.1 With a population probably in excess of 500 million, the economy was predominantly agrarian: nearly two-thirds of its GNP originated in agriculture, and probably three-quarters of its labour force derived most if not all of their living from farming. There was a small modern sector, comprising parts of manufacturing, transportation, finance and so on, that…
Land, Factor Markets, and Inequality in Rural China
Comment on Shaw-Taylor, Shiue, and Moriguchi
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Comment on Shaw-Taylor, Shiue, and Moriguchi
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Redistribution in a Decentralized Economy
Despite expanding at an annual rate of nearly 9 percent, China's economy has exhibited a marked cyclical pattern: Periods of rapid growth, accompanied by accelerating inflation, are followed by contractions during which both growth and inflation fall. A widening gap also emerged between the output contribution of the state sector and its share of investment and employment. In this paper, we offer a consistent explanation for this behavior that re…
Soft budget constraint and inflation cycles
Property rights, labour markets, and efficiency in a transition economy
We investigate the consequences of imperfect factor market development for farm efficiency in North China. We estimate the extent to which an inverse relationship in farm productivity can be attributed to the administrative (as opposed to market) allocation of land, combined with unevenly developed off–farm opportunities. Using a new household survey, we find considerable inefficiency in the use of labour. This inefficiency is alleviated by exter…
Land Rights in Rural China
Bank discrimination in transition economies
Competition under credit rationing
Local Government Behavior and Property Right Formation in Rural China
Secure land tenure is important to the development process, but China's rural reforms have so far failed to provide farm households with this security. We examine the political economy of land tenure and find that local governments sacrifice tenure security in the interests of efficiency and equity. Local rent seeking also plays an important role, and is a likely source of the under-development of land rental markets. Our results further suggest …
The Evolution of Income Inequality in Rural China
In this article we analyze trends in income inequality and the distribution of income in rural China from 1987 to 1999. We find an uneven but long‐run increase in inequality in rural China and show that nearly half of the rural population was not much better off in 1999 than at the start of the period. We rule out geography as the most important factor for explaining income differences and the increases that occurred over time. Much more importan…
Spatial Price Differences in China
Prices differ across space: from province to province, from rural (or urban) areas in one province to rural (or urban) areas in another province, and from rural to urban areas within one province. Systematic differences in prices across a range of goods and services in different localities imply regional differences in the costs of living. If high-income provinces also have high costs of living and low-income provinces have low costs of living, t…
China's Great Economic Transformation
This landmark study provides an integrated analysis of China's unexpected economic boom of the past three decades. The authors combine deep China expertise with broad disciplinary knowledge to explain China's remarkable combination of high-speed growth and deeply flawed institutions. Their work exposes the mechanisms underpinning the origin and expansion of China's great boom. Penetrating studies track the rise of Chinese capabilities in manufact…
The Fight for the Middle
Interest-Free Loans between Villagers
Interest‐free loans are a common feature of low‐income rural economies. In much of the economics literature, lending at zero and positive interest are viewed as being highly segmented in the community, with interest‐free loans an essential component of long‐term mutual consumption agreements between households. An alternative interpretation is that zero‐interest loans are a credit contract that, in lieu of interest, includes an option allowing th…
Economics (36 obras) · China (29 obras) · Geography (17 obras) · China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance (15 obras) · Business (12 obras) · Political science (12 obras) · Agriculture (11 obras) · Market economy (11 obras) · Economic growth (8 obras) · Global trade and economics (8 obras)