Carmela Vaccaro
Biographic Data
| ID | 74372 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carmela Vaccaro |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carmela |
| FAMILY NAME | Vaccaro |
| SIGNATURE | VACCARO C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Ferrara |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4954-8697 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 93 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
An analytical approach to the glazed architectural decoration in Iran from the 12th to the 14th century
On the provenance of stonepaste bodies of tiles from Takht-e Soleyman, northwestern Iran
Exploring Early Distillation Hypotheses: Investigating Unique Pottery from Tepe Sagzabad on the Central Iranian Plateau (Iron Age)
Tepe Sagzabad (2200 BC to 500 BC), located in the northwestern region of Iran’s central plateau, lies along a key east-west trade route on the Iranian Plateau. This site faces numerous challenges, including seasonal floods, and seismic activity. In 2016, the excavation of Trench 6 unearthed a distinctive vessel in Context 6006, characterized by a closed head, knob-shaped top, and side handles. Its unusual form suggests similarities to traditional…
Las primeras etapas del arte rupestre paleolítico en el sur de Iberia. Región de Málaga
En este trabajo proponemos un registro de cuevas del sur de Iberia que presentan manifestaciones gráficas paleolíticas compuestas por una variedad de signos, predominantemente digitaciones y puntuaciones, trazos, proyecciones de pigmentos sobre formaciones geológicas, o marcas de color aplicadas sobre la superficie o los bordes de espeleotemas. Se han agrupado bajo el concepto de horizonte anicónico. Las dataciones de series de uranio de la Cueva…
Potential Use of the Small-Eyed Needle from Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic Baʿja in Jordan
Unveiling the craftsmanship and knowledge behind Iranian stuccoes (11th–14th centuries): New insights from an archaeometric perspective
Gypsum-based stucco decorations of 47 monuments in Iran, from the Seljuq to the Ilkhanid period (11th-14th centuries), were studied by multimodal analytical methods, including X-Ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope and image analysis to comprehend their composition and technical characteristics. The assessment of results shows that stucco masters in these periods exerted control over the setting process of the gypsum-…
Hazard Analysis and Vulnerability Assessment of Cultural Landscapes Exposed to Climate Change-Related Extreme Events: A Case Study of Wachau (Austria)
The present paper aims to study the Wachau Valley in Austria as a representative Cultural Landscape under threat from extreme hydrometeorological hazards linked to climate change. The primary objective is to investigate the impacts and assess the vulnerability associated with the events of heavy rain and flooding. The methodology employed consists of an investigation of recorded past events impacting the Wachau; a vulnerability ranking system; a …
Pigment spectroscopy analyses in Maltravieso cave, Spain
Maltravieso cave (Estremadura, Spain) was recently the subject of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of 8 figures (four hand stencils, a red horse figure, a black bull figure, a pair of black lines, and a pair of brown lines). These artistic representations are composed of different colors including red, brown, and black figures. The analyses showed that different naturally occurred material compounds in the cave (such as kaolinite) were used in the creation …
Archaeometric Analysis of Encrustations Adhering to Pietra Ollare Fragments from the Medieval Village of Nogara
The aim of this study was to analyze a set of pietra ollare fragments that presented burnt encrustations to further understand the use of pietra ollare vessels during the Middle Ages. The fragments were obtained from Nogara (Vr) and date to the 9th–10th centuries CE. To obtain a variety of data, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and pollen analyses were performed. The SEM-EDS enabled the microscopi…
Characterization of the Stone Masonries and Evaluation of the Environmental Impact in Panamá Viejo: A Contribution for the Conservation of the Monumental Complex
A fundamental step in the best preservation of heritage materials is investigating their chemical and physical characteristics, and understanding how they interact with the surrounding environment. For this reason, the stone masonry of the monumental UNESCO site of Panamá Viejo was subjected to a thorough study to characterize the materials and evaluate their state of conservation. Additionally, potential outcrops were explored in order to identi…
The mural paintings of the cloister in the Certosa di Calci, Pisa
Identification of organic material in Los Buitres 1 rock art shelter, Badajoz, Spain
El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido caracterizar la naturaleza química y mineralógica del pigmento empleado en los motivos esquemáticos prehistóricos de la cueva de Los Buitres 1 (Capilla, Badajoz), y tratar de identificar la presencia de materia orgánica en su composición. Para ello se han realizado análisis de espectroscopia Micro-Raman y ATR-FTIR sobre cuatro muestras de pigmento, tres de pigmento rojo y una más también roja, aunque de t…
A taste for the unusual. Green, flat pebbles used by late Neanderthals
Neanderthals collected unusual, sometimes colorful mineral materials from different sources. Several green serpentinite smooth pebbles with a flat shape and use modifications were unearthed at Fumane Cave in northern Italy. This study explores cognitive and functional criteria that influenced the selection and use of unique pebbles based on their regional geology, morphology, petrology, use wear, and residues. Besides the attraction for green mat…
Geochemical-Microscopical Characterization of the Deterioration of Stone Surfaces in the Cloister of Santa Maria in Vado (Ferrara, Italy)
Santa Maria in Vado is a monument in the rich artistic heritage of the city of Ferrara (north of Italy). In this paper we want to investigate the state of conservation of tombstones, cloister and the entrance to the basilica, in order to keep them in the best possible state for the future generations. From the chemical characterization, the state of conservation was determined focusing on the biodeteriogenic and non-biodeteriogenic factors, which…
To be or not to be local: A provenance study of archaeological ceramics from Shahr-i Sokhta, eastern Iran
Findings from the archaeological site of Shahr-i Sokhta in eastern Iran include a wide range of undecorated, monochrome, and polychrome ceramics with gray, red, and buff-colored bodies that date back to a period spanning from 3200 to 1800 B.C.E. Given the large number and variety of ceramics unearthed from Shahr-i Sokhta, the provenance of these wares has remained a subject of controversy. Based on compositional data obtained from quantitative wa…
Natural Stones Used in the Orsi-Marconi Palace Façade (Bologna): A Petro-Mineralogical Characterization
Ancient buildings are important components of the Italian Cultural Heritage and, since the Etruscan Period, Bologna (north-eastern Italy) has always been one of the most flourishing cities both culturally and economically in the Italian and European panorama. The Orsi-Marconi Palace in Bologna presents a monumental façade decorated with many sandstone ornaments of the 16th century. Different samples from different parts of the façade of the build…
Medieval Glassworks in the City of Ferrara (North Eastern Italy): The Case Study of Piazza Municipale
Compositional and structural characterization was carried out on transparent glass fragments found in a brick rubbish pit discovered in basal floor of the ducal palace of Ferrara, during the excavation of Piazza Municipale. This study aims to identify raw materials and glass-working techniques through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) quantitative chemical analyses and semi-quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. The studied fragment…
Colourants on the wall paintings of a mediӕval fortress at the mount Sofeh in Isfahan, central Iran
Raw materials procurement strategies at the Ciota Ciara cave: New insight on land mobility in north-western Italy during Middle Palaeolithic
Four shades of black: Non-invasive scientific studies on the painted potteries from Shahr-i Sokhta, eastern Iran
New insights on the Monte Fenera Palaeolithic, Italy: Geoarchaeology of the Ciota Ciara cave
Monte Fenera is a mostly carbonate hill at the southern border of the Western Alps. It hosts several archaeological sites, among them karstic caves bearing evidence of Palaeolithic occupation. These sites have a long history within Alpine archaeology—having been explored since the 19th century—but information on their stratigraphy, chronology, and formation remains incomplete. They are among the few cave‐sites occupied before the Alpine Last Glac…
Early Opacifiers In The Glaze Industry Of First Millennium bc Persia: Persepolis And Tepe Rabat
This study characterizes the opacifiers and colouring agents used in the glazed bricks of Persepolis (mid‐first millennium bc ) and the Mannean site of Tepe Rabat in north‐western Iran (eighth to seventh centuries bc ). Various analytical studies show that lead antimonate and brizziite (NaSbO 3 ) were used as the yellow and white opacifiers in the glazes of Persepolis and Tepe Rabat. Brizziite is shown to be incorporated in the white, green and t…
The Middle Pleistocene site of Guado San Nicola (Monteroduni, Central Italy) on the Lower/Middle Palaeolithic transition
Haft rang or cuerda seca? Spectroscopic approaches to the study of overglaze polychrome tiles from seventeenth century Persia
Identification of pigments used in rock art paintings in Gode Roriso-Ethiopia using Micro-Raman spectroscopy
The Middle Pleistocene site of Guado San Nicola (Monteroduni, Central Italy) on the Lower/Middle Palaeolithic transition
Identification of pigments used in rock art paintings in Gode Roriso-Ethiopia using Micro-Raman spectroscopy
Raw materials procurement strategies at the Ciota Ciara cave: New insight on land mobility in north-western Italy during Middle Palaeolithic
Colourants on the wall paintings of a mediӕval fortress at the mount Sofeh in Isfahan, central Iran
Medieval Glassworks in the City of Ferrara (North Eastern Italy): The Case Study of Piazza Municipale
Compositional and structural characterization was carried out on transparent glass fragments found in a brick rubbish pit discovered in basal floor of the ducal palace of Ferrara, during the excavation of Piazza Municipale. This study aims to identify raw materials and glass-working techniques through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) quantitative chemical analyses and semi-quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. The studied fragment…
New insights on the Monte Fenera Palaeolithic, Italy: Geoarchaeology of the Ciota Ciara cave
Monte Fenera is a mostly carbonate hill at the southern border of the Western Alps. It hosts several archaeological sites, among them karstic caves bearing evidence of Palaeolithic occupation. These sites have a long history within Alpine archaeology—having been explored since the 19th century—but information on their stratigraphy, chronology, and formation remains incomplete. They are among the few cave‐sites occupied before the Alpine Last Glac…
Early Opacifiers In The Glaze Industry Of First Millennium bc Persia: Persepolis And Tepe Rabat
This study characterizes the opacifiers and colouring agents used in the glazed bricks of Persepolis (mid‐first millennium bc ) and the Mannean site of Tepe Rabat in north‐western Iran (eighth to seventh centuries bc ). Various analytical studies show that lead antimonate and brizziite (NaSbO 3 ) were used as the yellow and white opacifiers in the glazes of Persepolis and Tepe Rabat. Brizziite is shown to be incorporated in the white, green and t…
Archaeometric Analysis of Encrustations Adhering to Pietra Ollare Fragments from the Medieval Village of Nogara
The aim of this study was to analyze a set of pietra ollare fragments that presented burnt encrustations to further understand the use of pietra ollare vessels during the Middle Ages. The fragments were obtained from Nogara (Vr) and date to the 9th–10th centuries CE. To obtain a variety of data, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and pollen analyses were performed. The SEM-EDS enabled the microscopi…
To be or not to be local: A provenance study of archaeological ceramics from Shahr-i Sokhta, eastern Iran
Findings from the archaeological site of Shahr-i Sokhta in eastern Iran include a wide range of undecorated, monochrome, and polychrome ceramics with gray, red, and buff-colored bodies that date back to a period spanning from 3200 to 1800 B.C.E. Given the large number and variety of ceramics unearthed from Shahr-i Sokhta, the provenance of these wares has remained a subject of controversy. Based on compositional data obtained from quantitative wa…
The mural paintings of the cloister in the Certosa di Calci, Pisa
Identification of organic material in Los Buitres 1 rock art shelter, Badajoz, Spain
El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido caracterizar la naturaleza química y mineralógica del pigmento empleado en los motivos esquemáticos prehistóricos de la cueva de Los Buitres 1 (Capilla, Badajoz), y tratar de identificar la presencia de materia orgánica en su composición. Para ello se han realizado análisis de espectroscopia Micro-Raman y ATR-FTIR sobre cuatro muestras de pigmento, tres de pigmento rojo y una más también roja, aunque de t…
Natural Stones Used in the Orsi-Marconi Palace Façade (Bologna): A Petro-Mineralogical Characterization
Ancient buildings are important components of the Italian Cultural Heritage and, since the Etruscan Period, Bologna (north-eastern Italy) has always been one of the most flourishing cities both culturally and economically in the Italian and European panorama. The Orsi-Marconi Palace in Bologna presents a monumental façade decorated with many sandstone ornaments of the 16th century. Different samples from different parts of the façade of the build…
Four shades of black: Non-invasive scientific studies on the painted potteries from Shahr-i Sokhta, eastern Iran
Identification of pigments used in rock art paintings in Gode Roriso-Ethiopia using Micro-Raman spectroscopy
Haft rang or cuerda seca? Spectroscopic approaches to the study of overglaze polychrome tiles from seventeenth century Persia
The Middle Pleistocene site of Guado San Nicola (Monteroduni, Central Italy) on the Lower/Middle Palaeolithic transition
Early Opacifiers In The Glaze Industry Of First Millennium bc Persia: Persepolis And Tepe Rabat
This study characterizes the opacifiers and colouring agents used in the glazed bricks of Persepolis (mid‐first millennium bc ) and the Mannean site of Tepe Rabat in north‐western Iran (eighth to seventh centuries bc ). Various analytical studies show that lead antimonate and brizziite (NaSbO 3 ) were used as the yellow and white opacifiers in the glazes of Persepolis and Tepe Rabat. Brizziite is shown to be incorporated in the white, green and t…
Four shades of black: Non-invasive scientific studies on the painted potteries from Shahr-i Sokhta, eastern Iran
New insights on the Monte Fenera Palaeolithic, Italy: Geoarchaeology of the Ciota Ciara cave
Monte Fenera is a mostly carbonate hill at the southern border of the Western Alps. It hosts several archaeological sites, among them karstic caves bearing evidence of Palaeolithic occupation. These sites have a long history within Alpine archaeology—having been explored since the 19th century—but information on their stratigraphy, chronology, and formation remains incomplete. They are among the few cave‐sites occupied before the Alpine Last Glac…
Colourants on the wall paintings of a mediӕval fortress at the mount Sofeh in Isfahan, central Iran
Raw materials procurement strategies at the Ciota Ciara cave: New insight on land mobility in north-western Italy during Middle Palaeolithic
Natural Stones Used in the Orsi-Marconi Palace Façade (Bologna): A Petro-Mineralogical Characterization
Ancient buildings are important components of the Italian Cultural Heritage and, since the Etruscan Period, Bologna (north-eastern Italy) has always been one of the most flourishing cities both culturally and economically in the Italian and European panorama. The Orsi-Marconi Palace in Bologna presents a monumental façade decorated with many sandstone ornaments of the 16th century. Different samples from different parts of the façade of the build…
Medieval Glassworks in the City of Ferrara (North Eastern Italy): The Case Study of Piazza Municipale
Compositional and structural characterization was carried out on transparent glass fragments found in a brick rubbish pit discovered in basal floor of the ducal palace of Ferrara, during the excavation of Piazza Municipale. This study aims to identify raw materials and glass-working techniques through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) quantitative chemical analyses and semi-quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. The studied fragment…
A taste for the unusual. Green, flat pebbles used by late Neanderthals
Neanderthals collected unusual, sometimes colorful mineral materials from different sources. Several green serpentinite smooth pebbles with a flat shape and use modifications were unearthed at Fumane Cave in northern Italy. This study explores cognitive and functional criteria that influenced the selection and use of unique pebbles based on their regional geology, morphology, petrology, use wear, and residues. Besides the attraction for green mat…
Geochemical-Microscopical Characterization of the Deterioration of Stone Surfaces in the Cloister of Santa Maria in Vado (Ferrara, Italy)
Santa Maria in Vado is a monument in the rich artistic heritage of the city of Ferrara (north of Italy). In this paper we want to investigate the state of conservation of tombstones, cloister and the entrance to the basilica, in order to keep them in the best possible state for the future generations. From the chemical characterization, the state of conservation was determined focusing on the biodeteriogenic and non-biodeteriogenic factors, which…
To be or not to be local: A provenance study of archaeological ceramics from Shahr-i Sokhta, eastern Iran
Findings from the archaeological site of Shahr-i Sokhta in eastern Iran include a wide range of undecorated, monochrome, and polychrome ceramics with gray, red, and buff-colored bodies that date back to a period spanning from 3200 to 1800 B.C.E. Given the large number and variety of ceramics unearthed from Shahr-i Sokhta, the provenance of these wares has remained a subject of controversy. Based on compositional data obtained from quantitative wa…
The mural paintings of the cloister in the Certosa di Calci, Pisa
Identification of organic material in Los Buitres 1 rock art shelter, Badajoz, Spain
El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido caracterizar la naturaleza química y mineralógica del pigmento empleado en los motivos esquemáticos prehistóricos de la cueva de Los Buitres 1 (Capilla, Badajoz), y tratar de identificar la presencia de materia orgánica en su composición. Para ello se han realizado análisis de espectroscopia Micro-Raman y ATR-FTIR sobre cuatro muestras de pigmento, tres de pigmento rojo y una más también roja, aunque de t…
Pigment spectroscopy analyses in Maltravieso cave, Spain
Maltravieso cave (Estremadura, Spain) was recently the subject of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of 8 figures (four hand stencils, a red horse figure, a black bull figure, a pair of black lines, and a pair of brown lines). These artistic representations are composed of different colors including red, brown, and black figures. The analyses showed that different naturally occurred material compounds in the cave (such as kaolinite) were used in the creation …
Archaeometric Analysis of Encrustations Adhering to Pietra Ollare Fragments from the Medieval Village of Nogara
The aim of this study was to analyze a set of pietra ollare fragments that presented burnt encrustations to further understand the use of pietra ollare vessels during the Middle Ages. The fragments were obtained from Nogara (Vr) and date to the 9th–10th centuries CE. To obtain a variety of data, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and pollen analyses were performed. The SEM-EDS enabled the microscopi…
Characterization of the Stone Masonries and Evaluation of the Environmental Impact in Panamá Viejo: A Contribution for the Conservation of the Monumental Complex
A fundamental step in the best preservation of heritage materials is investigating their chemical and physical characteristics, and understanding how they interact with the surrounding environment. For this reason, the stone masonry of the monumental UNESCO site of Panamá Viejo was subjected to a thorough study to characterize the materials and evaluate their state of conservation. Additionally, potential outcrops were explored in order to identi…
Hazard Analysis and Vulnerability Assessment of Cultural Landscapes Exposed to Climate Change-Related Extreme Events: A Case Study of Wachau (Austria)
The present paper aims to study the Wachau Valley in Austria as a representative Cultural Landscape under threat from extreme hydrometeorological hazards linked to climate change. The primary objective is to investigate the impacts and assess the vulnerability associated with the events of heavy rain and flooding. The methodology employed consists of an investigation of recorded past events impacting the Wachau; a vulnerability ranking system; a …
Exploring Early Distillation Hypotheses: Investigating Unique Pottery from Tepe Sagzabad on the Central Iranian Plateau (Iron Age)
Tepe Sagzabad (2200 BC to 500 BC), located in the northwestern region of Iran’s central plateau, lies along a key east-west trade route on the Iranian Plateau. This site faces numerous challenges, including seasonal floods, and seismic activity. In 2016, the excavation of Trench 6 unearthed a distinctive vessel in Context 6006, characterized by a closed head, knob-shaped top, and side handles. Its unusual form suggests similarities to traditional…
Las primeras etapas del arte rupestre paleolítico en el sur de Iberia. Región de Málaga
En este trabajo proponemos un registro de cuevas del sur de Iberia que presentan manifestaciones gráficas paleolíticas compuestas por una variedad de signos, predominantemente digitaciones y puntuaciones, trazos, proyecciones de pigmentos sobre formaciones geológicas, o marcas de color aplicadas sobre la superficie o los bordes de espeleotemas. Se han agrupado bajo el concepto de horizonte anicónico. Las dataciones de series de uranio de la Cueva…
Potential Use of the Small-Eyed Needle from Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic Baʿja in Jordan
Unveiling the craftsmanship and knowledge behind Iranian stuccoes (11th–14th centuries): New insights from an archaeometric perspective
Gypsum-based stucco decorations of 47 monuments in Iran, from the Seljuq to the Ilkhanid period (11th-14th centuries), were studied by multimodal analytical methods, including X-Ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope and image analysis to comprehend their composition and technical characteristics. The assessment of results shows that stucco masters in these periods exerted control over the setting process of the gypsum-…
An analytical approach to the glazed architectural decoration in Iran from the 12th to the 14th century
On the provenance of stonepaste bodies of tiles from Takht-e Soleyman, northwestern Iran
Archaeology (18 works) · Geography (18 works) · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis (16 works) · Building materials and conservation (14 works) · Geology (14 works) · Art (11 works) · Conservation Techniques and Studies (10 works) · Mineralogy (10 works) · Materials Science (7 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (6 works)