Thomas B Pepinsky
Biographic Data
| ID | 744034 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Thomas B Pepinsky |
| GIVEN NAMES | Thomas B |
| FAMILY NAME | Pepinsky |
| SIGNATURE | PEPINSKY T B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Cornell University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4000-217X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 81 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1256 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 80 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Indonesia’s New Capital City: Public Funding and Public Support
Indonesia’s new planned capital city of Nusantara is the most significant public works project in modern Indonesian history. We study the economics and politics of Nusantara from the perspectives of public budgeting and political economy. Combining data from official planning documents and media accounts with a large body of original public opinion data, we find that (1) the only feasible source of funding that can be mobilized for Nusantara is t…
Introduction to the Special Section on Presidentialism and Democracy in Indonesia
The three articles in this special section on presidentialism and democracy in Indonesia analyse the state of Indonesian democracy through a careful study of the 2024 elections and the presidential transition from Joko Widodo to Prabowo Subianto. The three articles examine this election and its significance using different but complementary approaches, analysing elite politics, voting behaviour, political cleavages and electoral institutions. Tog…
Cleavages, Institutions, and Democracy in Indonesia: The 2024 Elections in Comparative Perspective
Indonesian democracy is characterised by large governing coalitions and a dominant presidency, coupled with weak parties with few programmatic differences. These features of coalitional presidentialism are the product of a presidential form of government and proportional representation with high district magnitudes and have implications for electoral politics in a diverse socioeconomic context. This manuscript shows that the core features of Indo…
Voting in Authoritarian Elections
Democratic theorists hold that voting contributes to some political good: individual and collective autonomy, equality, justice, pluralism, stability, better policies, and many others. But elections are common under authoritarianism, and empirical research finds that holding elections can stabilize authoritarian regimes. This creates what we term the democrat's dilemma, where citizens who vote in authoritarian elections may bolster the regimes th…
Asia-Pacific Small States: Political Economies of Resilience
Urbanization, ethnic diversity, and language shift in Indonesia
Cross-nationally, urbanization is associated with the decline of minority languages and a shift towards national and official languages. But the processes that link urbanization with language shift have not been adequately documented. In this paper we consider the relationship between cities and language shift from a sociolinguistic perspective, focusing our attention on the issue of language use and language shift in Indonesia – a large, ethnica…
Trump Support Explains Covid-19 Health Behaviors in the United States
A wide range of empirical scholarship has documented a partisan gap in health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, but the political foundations and temporal dynamics of these partisan gaps remain poorly understood. Using an original six-wave individual panel study (n = 3,000) of Americans throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, we show that at the individual level, partisan differences in health behavior grew rapi…
Racial resentment and support for Covid-19 travel bans in the United States
Travel bans were a globally prevalent policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States, travel bans against China and European countries proved a broadly popular mitigation tool among Americans. Why did Americans support COVID-19 travel bans? We fielded two novel survey experiments, surveying 3000 American citizens across five waves (between March 2020 and March 2021). In randomizing the country of origin of those potentially subjec…
The Ukrainian Refugee Crisis and the Politics of Public Opinion: Evidence from Hungary
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine was a watershed moment in European politics. The invasion prompted a massive influx of refugees into Central Europe, a region in which immigration has proven highly contentious and politically salient in recent decades. We study public opinion toward refugees in Hungary, a highly exclusionary political environment in which anti-migrant and anti-refugee sentiments are commonly invoked by the ruling government. …
Demographic structure and voting behaviour during democratization: Evidence from Malaysia’s 2022 election
Modeling Spatial Heterogeneity and Historical Persistence: Nazi Concentration Camps and Contemporary Intolerance
A wealth of recent research in comparative politics examines how spatial variation in historical conditions shapes modern political outcomes. In an article in the American Political Science Review, Homola, Pereira, and Tavits argue that Germans who live nearer to former Nazi concentration camps are more likely to display out-group intolerance. Clarifying the conceptual foundations of posttreatment bias and reviewing the historical record on postw…
Southeast Asia and World Politics
This essay reviews research on Southeast Asia that has appeared in World Politics , with a focus on articles published since the mid-1970s. Drawing on debates about the nature of the region that are commonly found within the field of Southeast Asian area studies, the essay identifies two axes along which Southeast Asian politics research varies: in its emphasis on the connectedness versus autonomy of the region, and in its focus on individual cou…
Theory, Comparison, and Design: A Review Essay
Three recent books introduce political scientists to important debates and conceptual challenges for contemporary social science research. Rather than proposing new methods, these books propose new frameworks that their authors believe should guide current practice. The authors and editors seek to guide researchers through the research process, from asking questions and proposing theories to operationalizing concepts and executing comparative res…
Roundtable on Rick Doner, Gregory Noble, and John Ravenhill, The Political Economy of Automotive Industrialization in East Asia
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Research Report: On Whorfian socioeconomics
Whorfian socioeconomics is an emerging interdisciplinary field of study that holds that linguistic structures explain differences in beliefs, values, and opinions across communities. This field, which draws on linguistic relativity but extends it radically, holds that linguistic features are a fundamental explanation for variation in human behavior. This essay provides a conceptual overview and methodological critique of Whorfian socioeconomics, …
Morbid Polarization: Exposure to Covid‐19 and Partisan Disagreement about Pandemic Response
The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the lives of all Americans, but the severity of the pandemic has been experienced unevenly across space and time. Some states saw sharp rises in COVID‐19 cases in early March, whereas case counts rose much later in the rest of the country. In this article, we examine the relationship between exposure to COVID‐19 and citizens' views on what type of measures are required to deal with the crises and how experience …
Historical Persistence
This article reviews the literature on historical persistence in political science and the related social sciences. Historical persistence refers to causal effects that ( a) operate over time scales of a decade or more and ( b) explain spatial variation in political, economic, or social outcomes. Although political scientists have always drawn from history, the historical persistence literature represents a new approach to historical research in …
Democratic Vulnerabilities and Pathways for Reform
democracy; backsliding; political development; institutions; reform
On Whorfian socioeconomics
Whorfian socioeconomics is an emerging interdisciplinary field of study that holds that linguistic structures explain differences in beliefs, values, and opinions across communities. This field, which draws on linguistic relativity but extends it radically, holds that linguistic features are a fundamental explanation for variation in human behavior. This essay provides a conceptual overview and methodological critique of Whorfian socioeconomics, …
Partisanship, health behavior, and policy attitudes in the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic
Objective To study the U.S. public’s health behaviors, attitudes, and policy opinions about COVID-19 in the earliest weeks of the national health crisis (March 20–23, 2020). Method We designed and fielded an original representative survey of 3,000 American adults between March 20–23, 2020 to collect data on a battery of 38 health-related behaviors, government policy preferences on COVID-19 response and worries about the pandemic. We test for part…
Learning from Biased Research Designs
Most contemporary empirical work in political science aims to learn about causal effects from research designs that may be subject to bias. We provide a Bayesian framework for understanding how researchers should approach the general problem of inferring causal effects from potentially biased research designs. Our core contention is that any sincere claim that a research design contains bias entails a belief about what that bias is. Once this bel…
The Exclusionary Foundations of Embedded Liberalism
Analyses of embedded liberalism have focused overwhelmingly on trade in goods and capital, to the exclusion of migration. We argue that much as capital controls were essential components of the embedded liberal compromise, so too were restrictions on the democratic and social rights of labor migrants. Generous welfare programs in labor-receiving countries thrived alongside inclusionary immigration policies, but this balanced arrangement was only …
Bridging the Theory-Practice Divide in International Relations
Encouraging Indonesians to Pray From Home During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Despite the introduction of social restrictions designed to stem the spread of COVID-19, many Indonesians have continued to attend places of worship. This poses a major public health threat, as congregational prayer involves large numbers of worshippers gathering under conditions known to enable the spread of the virus. Using a nationally representative survey, we evaluated the efficacy of messages delivered from different authorities in encourag…
Decompensating domestically: The Political Economy of Anti-Globalism
The rise of populism across advanced industrial countries presents a challenge to the institutions and norms that make up the current global order and threatens to undo the global system that has enabled decades of free trade and investment. We outline in this paper a domestic political economy account of the contemporary crisis of the global order, rooted in disenchantment with the redistributive bargain between globalization's winners and loser…
The Institutional Turn in Comparative Authoritarianism
The institutional turn in comparative authoritarianism has generated wide interest. This article reviews three prominent books on authoritarian institutions and their central theoretical propositions about the origins, functions and effects of dominant party institutions on authoritarian rule. Two critical perspectives on political institutions, one based on rationalist theories of institutional design and the other based on a social conflict the…
Aerial Bombing and Counterinsurgency in the Vietnam War: Bombing and Counterinsurgency in Vietnam
Aerial bombardment has been an important component of counterinsurgency practice since shortly after it became a viable military technology in the early twentieth century. Due to the nature of insurgency, bombing frequently occurs in and around settled areas, and consequently it tends to generate many civilian casualties. However, the effectiveness of bombing civilian areas as a military tactic remains disputed. Using data disaggregated to the le…
Lagged Explanatory Variables and the Estimation of Causal Effect
Lagged explanatory variables are commonly used in political science in response to endogeneity concerns in observational data. There exist surprisingly few formal analyses or theoretical results, however, that establish whether lagged explanatory variables are effective in surmounting endogeneity concerns and, if so, under what conditions. We show that lagging explanatory variables as a response to endogeneity moves the channel through which endo…
Bureaucracy and Service Delivery
This article reviews the literature on the politics of bureaucracy in the developing world, with a focus on service delivery and bureaucratic performance. We survey classic topics and themes such as the developmental state, principal-agent relations, and the efficient grease hypothesis, and we link them to new research findings in political science, sociology, and economics. We identify the concept of embeddedness as an important yet still undere…
The Return of the Single-Country Study
This article reviews the changing status of single-country research in comparative politics, a field defined by the concept of comparison. An analysis of single-country research published in top general interest and comparative politics journals reveals that single-country research has evolved from an emphasis on description and theory generation to an emphasis on hypothesis testing and research design. This change is a result of shifting prefere…
The Trump Presidency and American Democracy: A Historical and Comparative Analysis
To many observers across the political spectrum, American democracy appears under threat. What does the Trump presidency portend for American politics? How much confidence should we have in the capacity of American institutions to withstand this threat? We argue that understanding what is uniquely threatening to democracy requires looking beyond the particulars of Trump and his presidency. Instead, it demands a historical and comparative perspect…
A Note on Listwise Deletion versus Multiple Imputation
This letter compares the performance of multiple imputation and listwise deletion using a simulation approach. The focus is on data that are “missing not at random” (MNAR), in which case both multiple imputation and listwise deletion are known to be biased. In these simulations, multiple imputation yields results that are frequently more biased, less efficient, and with worse coverage than listwise deletion when data are MNAR. This is the case ev…
Autocracy, Elections, and Fiscal Policy: Evidence from Malaysia
Incumbency advantage and candidate characteristics in open-list proportional representation systems: Evidence from Indonesia
Historical Persistence
This article reviews the literature on historical persistence in political science and the related social sciences. Historical persistence refers to causal effects that ( a) operate over time scales of a decade or more and ( b) explain spatial variation in political, economic, or social outcomes. Although political scientists have always drawn from history, the historical persistence literature represents a new approach to historical research in …
Decompensating domestically: The Political Economy of Anti-Globalism
The rise of populism across advanced industrial countries presents a challenge to the institutions and norms that make up the current global order and threatens to undo the global system that has enabled decades of free trade and investment. We outline in this paper a domestic political economy account of the contemporary crisis of the global order, rooted in disenchantment with the redistributive bargain between globalization's winners and loser…
Testing Islam's Political Advantage: Evidence from Indonesia
Across the Muslim world, Islamic political parties and social organizations have capitalized upon economic grievances to win votes and popular support. But existing research has been unable to disentangle the role of Islamic party ideology from programmatic economic appeals and social services in explaining these parties' popular support. We argue that Islamic party platforms function as informational shortcuts to Muslim voters, and only confer a…
Southeast Asia: Voting Against Disorder
In the past fifteen years, Southeast Asian electoral democracies have seen illiberal politicians contest—and in some cases win—democratic elections. The presidency of Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines, whose government has overseen extrajudicial killings while celebrating its promise to provide order and stability to Philippine politics, is but one recent example. Voting against disorder is a threat to democracy throughout Southeast Asia, even i…
The 2008 Malaysian Elections: An End to Ethnic Politics
Malaysia's twelfth general elections, held on March 8, 2008, dealt a stunning blow to the incumbent Barisan Nasional regime. For the first time since 1969, the coalition did not receive its customary two-thirds majority in the lower house of parliament. Moreover, the opposition was able to form governments in five out of eleven peninsular Malaysian states. This article uses electoral, economic, and demographic data to test a number of potential e…
Beyond Oligarchy: Wealth, Power, and Contemporary Indonesian Politics
Coping with Crisis: Government Reactions to the Great Recession
Capital Mobility and Coalitional Politics: Authoritarian Regimes and Economic Adjustment in Southeast Asia
This article investigates the coalitional bases of authoritarian rule to explain striking variation in adjustment policy to the Asian Financial Crisis in Indonesia and Malaysia. Given currency depreciation with financial sector fragility, holders of mobile assets prefer to maintain an open capital account, while owners of fixed assets and labor favor restrictions of capital mobility to facilitate expansionary macroeconomic policies. Differences i…
Morbid Polarization: Exposure to Covid‐19 and Partisan Disagreement about Pandemic Response
The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the lives of all Americans, but the severity of the pandemic has been experienced unevenly across space and time. Some states saw sharp rises in COVID‐19 cases in early March, whereas case counts rose much later in the rest of the country. In this article, we examine the relationship between exposure to COVID‐19 and citizens' views on what type of measures are required to deal with the crises and how experience …
The Exclusionary Foundations of Embedded Liberalism
Analyses of embedded liberalism have focused overwhelmingly on trade in goods and capital, to the exclusion of migration. We argue that much as capital controls were essential components of the embedded liberal compromise, so too were restrictions on the democratic and social rights of labor migrants. Generous welfare programs in labor-receiving countries thrived alongside inclusionary immigration policies, but this balanced arrangement was only …
Piety and Redistributive Preferences in the Muslim World
This article tests two competing theories of the relationship between piety and redistributive preferences in the Muslim world. The first, drawn from the new political economy of religion, holds that more pious individuals of any faith should oppose redistributive economic policies. The second, drawn from Islamic scripture, holds that pious Muslims should favor more redistributive economic policies. Employing survey data from twenty-five countrie…
Elections as Causes of Democratization: Southeast Asia in Comparative Perspective
The theory of democratization by elections holds that elections—even when flawed—can, over time, have an independent causal effect on democratic transitions. Despite the recent growth of this literature, questions remain about the global scope of the argument and its structural preconditions. We show that, in Southeast Asia, elections are almost always the culmination rather than the cause of democratization, and use case materials from seven Sou…
Can Results-Free Review Reduce Publication Bias? The Results and Implications of a Pilot Study
In 2015, Comparative Political Studies embarked on a landmark pilot study in research transparency in the social sciences. The editors issued an open call for submissions of manuscripts that contained no mention of their actual results, incentivizing reviewers to evaluate manuscripts based on their theoretical contributions, research designs, and analysis plans. The three papers in this special issue are the result of this process that began with…
The Global Economic Crisis and the Politics of Non-Transitions
This paper investigates the effects of the global economic crisis (GEC) on political change. A number of emerging European economies have experienced political turnover, but in other emerging and transition economies, government turnover and regime change have been comparatively rare. Two factors – incumbent governments' responsibility for the current crisis and their responsiveness to its domestic economic effects – shape the political effects o…
Authoritarian innovations: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Implications
Curato and Fossati's concept of authoritarian innovations encourages scholars to look beyond the nominal categories in which we may classify political regimes and to focus instead on how political decisions constrain or open up the space for mass political participation. In this commentary, I amplify the editors' productive distinction between regimes and practices, outline the methodological implications of a meso-level approach to authoritarian…
Interpreting Ethnicity and Urbanization in Malaysia's 2013 General Election
In this article I reinterpret Ng, Rangel, Vaithilingam, and Pillay's analysis in this issue of pro-BN voting in Peninsular Malaysia in Malaysia's 2013 general election. I show that the authors' statistical methods are inappropriate for testing whether district ethnicity predicts district-level BN vote share, and that their modeling choices result in tests of hypotheses that do not exist and cannot be derived from standard theoretical approaches t…
From Agents to Outcomes: Simulation in International Relations
This article reviews the use of computational simulations that focus on emergence and complex adaptive systems to model international politics. Computer simulations offer the advantages of focusing on nonlinear interactive dynamics and enabling researchers to explore alternative specifications of a global system. However, current world politics simulations ignore the epistemological and ontological implications that simulation raises. This critic…
Autocracy, Elections, and Fiscal Policy: Evidence from Malaysia
Malaysia: Turnover Without Change
Malaysia's Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi has replaced Mahathir Mohamad, who ruled the country in an increasingly authoritarian manner from 1981 until 2003. Abdullah has a reputation as a reformer who is personally incorruptible, and midway through his first term in office, Malaysian civil and political liberties have improved marginally. However, the regime's grip on power remains as strong as ever, and the lack of institutional change mea…
Capital Mobility and Coalitional Politics: Authoritarian Regimes and Economic Adjustment in Southeast Asia
This article investigates the coalitional bases of authoritarian rule to explain striking variation in adjustment policy to the Asian Financial Crisis in Indonesia and Malaysia. Given currency depreciation with financial sector fragility, holders of mobile assets prefer to maintain an open capital account, while owners of fixed assets and labor favor restrictions of capital mobility to facilitate expansionary macroeconomic policies. Differences i…
Economic Crises and the Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes: Indonesia and Malaysia in Comparative Perspective
Why do some authoritarian regimes topple during financial crises, while others steer through financial crises relatively unscathed? In this book, Thomas B. Pepinsky uses the experiences of Indonesia and Malaysia and the analytical tools of open economy macroeconomics to answer this question. Focusing on the economic interests of authoritarian regimes' supporters, Pepinsky shows that differences in cross-border asset specificity produce dramatical…
The 2008 Malaysian Elections: An End to Ethnic Politics
Malaysia's twelfth general elections, held on March 8, 2008, dealt a stunning blow to the incumbent Barisan Nasional regime. For the first time since 1969, the coalition did not receive its customary two-thirds majority in the lower house of parliament. Moreover, the opposition was able to form governments in five out of eleven peninsular Malaysian states. This article uses electoral, economic, and demographic data to test a number of potential e…
Discussion of Erik Martinez Kuhonta, Dan Slater, and Tuong Vu's Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis
Comparative politics has witnessed periodic debates between proponents of contextually sensitive area studies research and others who view such work as unscientific, noncumulative, or of limited relevance for advancing broader social science knowledge. In Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis , edited by Erik Martinez Kuhonta, Dan Slater, and Tuong Vu, a group of bright, young Southeast Asianists argue that…
Decentralization and Economic Performance in Indonesia
Indonesia's 1999 decentralization law gave local governments in Indonesia an unprecedented opportunity to adopt prodevelopment policies. In this article, we study whether decentralization has in fact generated improved economic performance in Indonesia. Using a synthetic case control methodology, we argue that Indonesian decentralization has had no discernable effect on the country's national-level economic performance. To explain why not, we use…
Piety and Redistributive Preferences in the Muslim World
This article tests two competing theories of the relationship between piety and redistributive preferences in the Muslim world. The first, drawn from the new political economy of religion, holds that more pious individuals of any faith should oppose redistributive economic policies. The second, drawn from Islamic scripture, holds that pious Muslims should favor more redistributive economic policies. Employing survey data from twenty-five countrie…
Aerial Bombing and Counterinsurgency in the Vietnam War: Bombing and Counterinsurgency in Vietnam
Aerial bombardment has been an important component of counterinsurgency practice since shortly after it became a viable military technology in the early twentieth century. Due to the nature of insurgency, bombing frequently occurs in and around settled areas, and consequently it tends to generate many civilian casualties. However, the effectiveness of bombing civilian areas as a military tactic remains disputed. Using data disaggregated to the le…
The domestic politics of financial internationalization in the developing world
This paper examines the domestic politics of financial internationalization. Financial internationalization has two components, the liberalization of cross-border capital flows and the liberalization of foreign ownership restrictions , yet most research to date has concentrated exclusively on the former. Building on existing theoretical work, this paper argues that in the developing world, domestic finance favors the joint abolition of restrictio…
Development, Social Change, and Islamic Finance in Contemporary Indonesia
The Institutional Imperative: The Politics of Equitable Development in Southeast Asia by Erik Kuhonta
Journal Article The Institutional Imperative: The Politics of Equitable Development in Southeast Asia by Erik Kuhonta. Get access The Institutional Imperative: The Politics of Equitable Development in Southeast Asia by Erik Kuhonta. Palo Alto, CA, Stanford University Press, 2011. 368 pp. $50.00. Thomas B. Pepinsky Thomas B. Pepinsky Cornell University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quart…
Do Currency Crises Cause Capital Account Liberalization?1: Do Currency Crises Cause Capital Account Liberalization
Pepinsky, Thomas B. (2012) Do Currency Crises Cause Capital Account Liberalization? International Studies Quarterly, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2012.00729.x © 2012 International Studies Association A central argument in the literature on economic crises and policy reform is that currency crises lead governments to liberalize their capital accounts in order to establish their credibility to international markets. I argue that the reverse is true: cu…
The Global Economic Crisis and the Politics of Non-Transitions
This paper investigates the effects of the global economic crisis (GEC) on political change. A number of emerging European economies have experienced political turnover, but in other emerging and transition economies, government turnover and regime change have been comparatively rare. Two factors – incumbent governments' responsibility for the current crisis and their responsiveness to its domestic economic effects – shape the political effects o…
Testing Islam's Political Advantage: Evidence from Indonesia
Across the Muslim world, Islamic political parties and social organizations have capitalized upon economic grievances to win votes and popular support. But existing research has been unable to disentangle the role of Islamic party ideology from programmatic economic appeals and social services in explaining these parties' popular support. We argue that Islamic party platforms function as informational shortcuts to Muslim voters, and only confer a…
The New Media and Malaysian Politics in Historical Perspective
Contemporary Southeast Asia (CSEA) is one of the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute"s flagship publications. Now in its fourth decade of publication, CSEA has succeeded in building up an international reputation as one of Southeast Asia"s premier academic journals. The aim of the peer reviewed journal is to provide subscribers with up to date and in-depth analysis of critical trends and developments in Southeast Asia and the wider Asia-Pacific region.…
Coping with Crisis: Government Reactions to the Great Recession
Pluralism and Political Conflict in Indonesia
Beyond Oligarchy? Critical Exchanges on Political Power and Material Inequality in Indonesia
Producing Indonesia: The State of the Field of Indonesian Studies
Surveys, Experiments, and the Landscape of International Political Economy
The contributions to this issue show that surveys and experiments offer exciting new tools for doing empirical research in international political economy (IPE). This essay cautions that the utility of these tools is not self-evident: Neither appeals to microfoundations nor to methodological individualism in constructing explanations for social phenomena themselves recommend an embrace of surveys or experiments. The field of IPE should worry that…
Beyond Oligarchy: Wealth, Power, and Contemporary Indonesian Politics
The Institutional Turn in Comparative Authoritarianism
The institutional turn in comparative authoritarianism has generated wide interest. This article reviews three prominent books on authoritarian institutions and their central theoretical propositions about the origins, functions and effects of dominant party institutions on authoritarian rule. Two critical perspectives on political institutions, one based on rationalist theories of institutional design and the other based on a social conflict the…
Context and Method in Southeast Asian Politics
This essay introduces and evaluates a central debate about context sensitivity in Southeast Asian political studies. Within this diverse field, there is no agreement about what context means, or how to be sensitive to it. I develop the idea of unit context (traditionally, the area studies concern) and population context (traditionally, the comparative politics concern) as parallel organizing principles in Southeast Asian political studies. The un…
Political science (64 works) · Politics (55 works) · Law (54 works) · Economics (45 works) · Law (42 works) · Sociology (40 works) · Political economy (32 works) · Asian Studies and History (25 works) · Computer Science (22 works) · Democracy (22 works)