Linsay Gray
Biographic Data
| ID | 7450579 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Linsay Gray |
| GIVEN NAMES | Linsay |
| FAMILY NAME | Gray |
| SIGNATURE | GRAY L |
| AFFILIATIONS | MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6918-5037 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 26 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Health inequalities at the intersection of multiple social determinants among under five children residing Nairobi urban slums
In this analysis we examine through an intersectionality lens how key social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with health conditions among under-five children (
The effects of social determinants on children’s health outcomes in Bangladesh slums through an intersectionality lens
Empirical evidence suggests that the health outcomes of children living in slums are poorer than those living in non-slums and other urban areas. Improving health especially among children under five years old (U5y) living in slums, requires a better understanding of the social determinants of health (SDoH) that drive their health outcomes. Therefore, we aim to investigate how SDoH collectively affects health outcomes of U5y living in Bangladesh …
Implications of Covid-19 for safeguarding in international development research
COVID-19 brings uncertainties and new precarities for communities and researchers, altering and amplifying relational vulnerabilities (vulnerabilities which emerge from relationships of unequal power and place those less powerful at risk of abuse and violence). Research approaches have changed too, with increasing use of remote data collection methods. These multiple changes necessitate new or adapted safeguarding responses. This practice piece s…
Approaches to triangulation of alcohol data in Scotland
Rehm et al . highlight the ongoing difficulties in accurately estimating alcohol consumption using surveys. Population surveys, in particular, suffer from non‐response and sampling bias, which affects their representativeness, but they are one of the few ways of estimating differences in consumption across population subgroups. In this article, we highlight different approaches that have been taken in Scotland to try to overcome these problems, f…
Changes in childhood experimentation with, and exposure to, tobacco and e-cigarettes and perceived smoking norms
Children's experimentation with and exposure to tobacco, and their perceptions of smoking as a normative behaviour, have continued to decline alongside growth in exposure to e-cigarettes. Although a large majority of pupils reported they minded people smoking around them, there was some evidence of diminishing disapproval of secondhand smoke since 2007. Further research is needed to understand whether use of e-cigarettes in cars and homes is disp…
How to prevent and address safeguarding concerns in global health research programmes
Safeguarding is rapidly rising up the international development agenda, yet literature on safeguarding in related research is limited. This paper shares processes and practice relating to safeguarding within an international research consortium (the ARISE hub, known as ARISE). ARISE aims to enhance accountability and improve the health and well-being of marginalised people living and working in informal urban spaces in low-income and middle-incom…
Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Smoking and Parental E-Cigarette Use with 10–11-Year-Old Children’s Perceptions of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes
Parental smoking continues to be concentrated in poorer families. This study provides no evidence that parental vaping in the absence of smoking is associated with more positive perceptions of tobacco cigarettes. Communicating to children the role of e-cigarettes as cessation devices for smokers may help to limit their appeal to young people
Youth vaping and smoking and parental vaping
While measured confounding accounted for much of the associations between youth vaping and youth smoking, indicating support for underlying propensities, our estimates suggested residual effects that could only be explained away by considerable unmeasured confounding or by smoking leading to vaping. Estimated effects of youth vaping on youth smoking were stronger among the general youth population than among the small group of youth who actually …
Socioeconomic patterning of vaping by smoking status among UK adults and youth
Inequalities in vaping among never smoking youth and adult ex-smokers, suggest potential to widen health inequalities, while weaker inequalities in smoking cessation among adult vapers indicate e-cigarettes could help narrow inequalities. Further research is needed to understand the balance of these opposing potential impacts, and how any benefits can be maximised whilst protecting the vulnerable
Young people's use of e-cigarettes in Wales, England and Scotland before and after introduction of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations
This study provides preliminary evidence that young people's e-cigarette experimentation may be plateauing in UK nations. The extent to which this arises from regulatory changes, or due to a fad having begun to lose its appeal among young people in the UK countries, remains unclear. These trends contrast to those observed in North America, where newer products whose EU market entry and marketing have been impacted by TPD, have gained traction amo…
Have e-cigarettes renormalised or displaced youth smoking? Results of a segmented regression analysis of repeated cross sectional survey data in England, Scotland and Wales
Research registry number: researchregistry4336
Assessing progress in protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke
Scotland has witnessed a dramatic reduction in SHS exposure in the past two decades, but there are still nearly one in five non-smoking adults who have measurable exposure to SHS on any given day. Tobacco control strategies globally should consider the use of both the proportion of non-smoking adults with undetectable salivary cotinine and the GM as targets to encourage policies that achieve a smoke-free future
Socioeconomic status as an effect modifier of alcohol consumption and harm
BACKGROUND: Alcohol-related mortality and morbidity are high in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations compared with individuals from advantaged areas. It is unclear if this increased harm reflects differences in alcohol consumption between these socioeconomic groups, reverse causation (ie, downward social selection for high-risk drinkers), or a greater risk of harm in individuals of low socioeconomic status compared with those of higher sta…
Mixed tenure communities as a policy instrument for educational outcomes in a deprived urban context
This article considers mixed community strategies, enacted through planning and regeneration policies, as a policy approach to the improvement of educational outcomes in schools. Analysis is undertaken of educational outcomes across secondary schools in Glasgow. The level of owner occupation in the catchment is positively associated with both examination results at S4 and positive destinations post-school, particularly at the more deprived end of…
Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on overweight and obesity
Whilst active smoking may be associated with reduced risk of being overweight among some older adults, there was no evidence to support the belief among young people that smoking protects them from weight gain. Making this point in educational campaigns targeted at young people may help to discourage them from starting to smoke
Explaining the social patterning of lung function in adulthood at different ages
BACKGROUND: Lung function successfully predicts subsequent health. Although lung function is known to decline over age, little is known about changes in association with socioeconomic status (SES) throughout life, and whether explanatory factors for association vary with age or patterns for non smokers. METHODS: Analyses were based on data on 24 500 participants aged ≥18 years from the 1995, 1998 and 2003 Scottish Health Surveys who were invited …
OP73 Exploring Impacts of Survey Non-Response using Record-Linkage of Scottish Health Survey Data (2003 to 2008)
Background Inference on population health is commonly derived from health survey data, based on the assumption that they are representative of the target communities. Departure from representativeness may weaken external validity leading to biased estimates, with important implications for public health evidence, particularly in relation to prevalence and quantity estimates such as population alcohol consumption. A key aspect determining the exte…
OP76 Households and Health
Background There have been studies suggesting that various measures of health, health behaviours or health seeking cluster within households. Previous research on the impact of omitting small clusters from analyses have suggested little impact on parameter estimates or standard errors but have typically assumed small intraclass correlations – not usually the case for the household. Since there are typically few individuals per household, and many…
P1-166 Explaining social patterning of mortality
Background Mortality is strongly correlated with socio-economic status (SES). Lifestyle factors impact on health and are also independently linked with SES, and thus may drive the mortality-SES associations. However, their relative individual and combined contributions to such inequalities have not been well quantified. We addressed this using nationally representative prospective data. Methods Analyses were based on 6060 participants aged over 1…
Are there gender differences in the relative predictive ability of lung function in all-cause mortality? Findings from 13 years of follow-up in the Scottish Health Survey-mortality linked datasets (19…
Objectives Lung function has been shown to be a long-term predictor of mortality from a range of causes in addition to respiratory disease. However, few studies have evaluated its predictive value relative to other risk factors, and the comparative contributions of alternative measures of lung function are unclear. Further, the majority of such studies have included men only, or – where available – data on women have tended to be combined with th…
Socio-economic patterning of the trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in Scotland
Background In Scotland, as in other countries, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has substantially declined over time. However, this decline may be slowing among younger groups and there are still large inequalities in mortality between socio-economic groups. Objectives To examine secular changes in the prevalence of known CVD risk factors in the Scottish population according to socio-economic position. Design Representative data on health a…
Early and mid-adulthood BMI in relation to later cancer mortality
Objective The association between adiposity in early adulthood and subsequent development of specific malignancies is still unclear. Additionally, the potential mediating role of adiposity in middle age has not been well examined. We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI; weight(kg)/height(m 2 )) in early adulthood with later mortality from several cancers. Design Cohort study of male Harvard University students who had a medical e…
Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status
High levels of smoking in Greater Glasgow were attributable to its poorer socio-economic position and the strong social patterning of smoking. Tackling Glasgow's, and indeed Scotland's, poor health must involve policies to alleviate problems associated with poverty
A multilevel analysis of diet and socio-economic status in Scotland
Objective To investigate differences between dietary habits in Glasgow and those in the rest of Scotland and the role that socio-economic factors have in explaining these. Design Data on age, sex, area deprivation, social class, educational qualifications, economic activity, health board region, postcode sector area and informants’ usual intake of foods covering sugary foods, snacks, fibre, starch, meat, fish, spreading fats, dairy products, salt…
Elevated body mass index in early adulthood as a predictor of later coronary heart disease mortality
Objective: To compare magnitudes of association of BMI and measures of regional adiposity with coronary heart disease, diabetes and all-cause mortality. Design: 2 prospective cohort and 2 cross sectional studies. Participants: Members of 4 UK cohorts aged >45 years: 3937 women from the British Women's Heart and Health Study (BWHHS), 2367 and 1950 men from phases 1 and 3 of the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS), 403 men and women from Boyd Orr, …
Explaining the social patterning of lung function in adulthood at different ages
BACKGROUND: Lung function successfully predicts subsequent health. Although lung function is known to decline over age, little is known about changes in association with socioeconomic status (SES) throughout life, and whether explanatory factors for association vary with age or patterns for non smokers. METHODS: Analyses were based on data on 24 500 participants aged ≥18 years from the 1995, 1998 and 2003 Scottish Health Surveys who were invited …
OP73 Exploring Impacts of Survey Non-Response using Record-Linkage of Scottish Health Survey Data (2003 to 2008)
Background Inference on population health is commonly derived from health survey data, based on the assumption that they are representative of the target communities. Departure from representativeness may weaken external validity leading to biased estimates, with important implications for public health evidence, particularly in relation to prevalence and quantity estimates such as population alcohol consumption. A key aspect determining the exte…
Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status
High levels of smoking in Greater Glasgow were attributable to its poorer socio-economic position and the strong social patterning of smoking. Tackling Glasgow's, and indeed Scotland's, poor health must involve policies to alleviate problems associated with poverty
A multilevel analysis of diet and socio-economic status in Scotland
Objective To investigate differences between dietary habits in Glasgow and those in the rest of Scotland and the role that socio-economic factors have in explaining these. Design Data on age, sex, area deprivation, social class, educational qualifications, economic activity, health board region, postcode sector area and informants’ usual intake of foods covering sugary foods, snacks, fibre, starch, meat, fish, spreading fats, dairy products, salt…
Elevated body mass index in early adulthood as a predictor of later coronary heart disease mortality
Objective: To compare magnitudes of association of BMI and measures of regional adiposity with coronary heart disease, diabetes and all-cause mortality. Design: 2 prospective cohort and 2 cross sectional studies. Participants: Members of 4 UK cohorts aged >45 years: 3937 women from the British Women's Heart and Health Study (BWHHS), 2367 and 1950 men from phases 1 and 3 of the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS), 403 men and women from Boyd Orr, …
Elevated blood pressure in early adulthood as a predictor of later coronary heart disease mortality
Objective: To investigate whether variations in growth patterns in early-life are associated with blood pressure at age 6.5 years by modelling detailed, individual growth trajectories between birth and 5 years of age. Design: Prospective cohort study nested in a large randomised trial. Setting: Belarus. Participants: 10 494 children from Belarus who were born in one of 31 hospitals that participated in a cluster randomised trial of breastfeeding …
Socio-economic patterning of the trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in Scotland
Background In Scotland, as in other countries, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has substantially declined over time. However, this decline may be slowing among younger groups and there are still large inequalities in mortality between socio-economic groups. Objectives To examine secular changes in the prevalence of known CVD risk factors in the Scottish population according to socio-economic position. Design Representative data on health a…
Early and mid-adulthood BMI in relation to later cancer mortality
Objective The association between adiposity in early adulthood and subsequent development of specific malignancies is still unclear. Additionally, the potential mediating role of adiposity in middle age has not been well examined. We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI; weight(kg)/height(m 2 )) in early adulthood with later mortality from several cancers. Design Cohort study of male Harvard University students who had a medical e…
P1-166 Explaining social patterning of mortality
Background Mortality is strongly correlated with socio-economic status (SES). Lifestyle factors impact on health and are also independently linked with SES, and thus may drive the mortality-SES associations. However, their relative individual and combined contributions to such inequalities have not been well quantified. We addressed this using nationally representative prospective data. Methods Analyses were based on 6060 participants aged over 1…
Are there gender differences in the relative predictive ability of lung function in all-cause mortality? Findings from 13 years of follow-up in the Scottish Health Survey-mortality linked datasets (19…
Objectives Lung function has been shown to be a long-term predictor of mortality from a range of causes in addition to respiratory disease. However, few studies have evaluated its predictive value relative to other risk factors, and the comparative contributions of alternative measures of lung function are unclear. Further, the majority of such studies have included men only, or – where available – data on women have tended to be combined with th…
OP73 Exploring Impacts of Survey Non-Response using Record-Linkage of Scottish Health Survey Data (2003 to 2008)
Background Inference on population health is commonly derived from health survey data, based on the assumption that they are representative of the target communities. Departure from representativeness may weaken external validity leading to biased estimates, with important implications for public health evidence, particularly in relation to prevalence and quantity estimates such as population alcohol consumption. A key aspect determining the exte…
OP76 Households and Health
Background There have been studies suggesting that various measures of health, health behaviours or health seeking cluster within households. Previous research on the impact of omitting small clusters from analyses have suggested little impact on parameter estimates or standard errors but have typically assumed small intraclass correlations – not usually the case for the household. Since there are typically few individuals per household, and many…
Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on overweight and obesity
Whilst active smoking may be associated with reduced risk of being overweight among some older adults, there was no evidence to support the belief among young people that smoking protects them from weight gain. Making this point in educational campaigns targeted at young people may help to discourage them from starting to smoke
Explaining the social patterning of lung function in adulthood at different ages
BACKGROUND: Lung function successfully predicts subsequent health. Although lung function is known to decline over age, little is known about changes in association with socioeconomic status (SES) throughout life, and whether explanatory factors for association vary with age or patterns for non smokers. METHODS: Analyses were based on data on 24 500 participants aged ≥18 years from the 1995, 1998 and 2003 Scottish Health Surveys who were invited …
Mixed tenure communities as a policy instrument for educational outcomes in a deprived urban context
This article considers mixed community strategies, enacted through planning and regeneration policies, as a policy approach to the improvement of educational outcomes in schools. Analysis is undertaken of educational outcomes across secondary schools in Glasgow. The level of owner occupation in the catchment is positively associated with both examination results at S4 and positive destinations post-school, particularly at the more deprived end of…
Socioeconomic status as an effect modifier of alcohol consumption and harm
BACKGROUND: Alcohol-related mortality and morbidity are high in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations compared with individuals from advantaged areas. It is unclear if this increased harm reflects differences in alcohol consumption between these socioeconomic groups, reverse causation (ie, downward social selection for high-risk drinkers), or a greater risk of harm in individuals of low socioeconomic status compared with those of higher sta…
Assessing progress in protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke
Scotland has witnessed a dramatic reduction in SHS exposure in the past two decades, but there are still nearly one in five non-smoking adults who have measurable exposure to SHS on any given day. Tobacco control strategies globally should consider the use of both the proportion of non-smoking adults with undetectable salivary cotinine and the GM as targets to encourage policies that achieve a smoke-free future
Have e-cigarettes renormalised or displaced youth smoking? Results of a segmented regression analysis of repeated cross sectional survey data in England, Scotland and Wales
Research registry number: researchregistry4336
How to prevent and address safeguarding concerns in global health research programmes
Safeguarding is rapidly rising up the international development agenda, yet literature on safeguarding in related research is limited. This paper shares processes and practice relating to safeguarding within an international research consortium (the ARISE hub, known as ARISE). ARISE aims to enhance accountability and improve the health and well-being of marginalised people living and working in informal urban spaces in low-income and middle-incom…
Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Smoking and Parental E-Cigarette Use with 10–11-Year-Old Children’s Perceptions of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes
Parental smoking continues to be concentrated in poorer families. This study provides no evidence that parental vaping in the absence of smoking is associated with more positive perceptions of tobacco cigarettes. Communicating to children the role of e-cigarettes as cessation devices for smokers may help to limit their appeal to young people
Youth vaping and smoking and parental vaping
While measured confounding accounted for much of the associations between youth vaping and youth smoking, indicating support for underlying propensities, our estimates suggested residual effects that could only be explained away by considerable unmeasured confounding or by smoking leading to vaping. Estimated effects of youth vaping on youth smoking were stronger among the general youth population than among the small group of youth who actually …
Socioeconomic patterning of vaping by smoking status among UK adults and youth
Inequalities in vaping among never smoking youth and adult ex-smokers, suggest potential to widen health inequalities, while weaker inequalities in smoking cessation among adult vapers indicate e-cigarettes could help narrow inequalities. Further research is needed to understand the balance of these opposing potential impacts, and how any benefits can be maximised whilst protecting the vulnerable
Young people's use of e-cigarettes in Wales, England and Scotland before and after introduction of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations
This study provides preliminary evidence that young people's e-cigarette experimentation may be plateauing in UK nations. The extent to which this arises from regulatory changes, or due to a fad having begun to lose its appeal among young people in the UK countries, remains unclear. These trends contrast to those observed in North America, where newer products whose EU market entry and marketing have been impacted by TPD, have gained traction amo…
Approaches to triangulation of alcohol data in Scotland
Rehm et al . highlight the ongoing difficulties in accurately estimating alcohol consumption using surveys. Population surveys, in particular, suffer from non‐response and sampling bias, which affects their representativeness, but they are one of the few ways of estimating differences in consumption across population subgroups. In this article, we highlight different approaches that have been taken in Scotland to try to overcome these problems, f…
Changes in childhood experimentation with, and exposure to, tobacco and e-cigarettes and perceived smoking norms
Children's experimentation with and exposure to tobacco, and their perceptions of smoking as a normative behaviour, have continued to decline alongside growth in exposure to e-cigarettes. Although a large majority of pupils reported they minded people smoking around them, there was some evidence of diminishing disapproval of secondhand smoke since 2007. Further research is needed to understand whether use of e-cigarettes in cars and homes is disp…
Implications of Covid-19 for safeguarding in international development research
COVID-19 brings uncertainties and new precarities for communities and researchers, altering and amplifying relational vulnerabilities (vulnerabilities which emerge from relationships of unequal power and place those less powerful at risk of abuse and violence). Research approaches have changed too, with increasing use of remote data collection methods. These multiple changes necessitate new or adapted safeguarding responses. This practice piece s…
The effects of social determinants on children’s health outcomes in Bangladesh slums through an intersectionality lens
Empirical evidence suggests that the health outcomes of children living in slums are poorer than those living in non-slums and other urban areas. Improving health especially among children under five years old (U5y) living in slums, requires a better understanding of the social determinants of health (SDoH) that drive their health outcomes. Therefore, we aim to investigate how SDoH collectively affects health outcomes of U5y living in Bangladesh …
Medicine (24 works) · Demography (19 works) · Environmental health (17 works) · Population (14 works) · Gerontology (12 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (12 works) · Internal Medicine (11 works) · Public health (11 works) · Gerontology (9 works) · Demography (8 works)