Robert M Malina
Biographic Data
| ID | 74563 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert M Malina |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert M |
| FAMILY NAME | Malina |
| SIGNATURE | MALINA R M |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Texas at Austin |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9402-0648 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 245 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 350 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 245 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1966 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Secular Trend and Socioeconomic Variation in Body Height of Young Polish Men Between 1965 and 2023
Environmental stressors across time: Historical insights and contemporary challenges
This special issue of The History of the Family investigates how environmental and social stressors shape human biology, behaviour, and demographic outcomes across historical populations. Stress, understood as the body’s nonspecific response to challenges that disrupt internal equilibrium, emerges from events such as wars, epidemics, famines, natural disasters, and socioeconomic crises. When experienced during critical developmental windows, part…
Participants and Non‐Participants in Organized Sports 11–14 Years: Growth, Maturity Status, Physical Activity, Motor Coordination and Physical Fitness
AIM: To compare the growth and maturity status, physical activity, motor coordination, and physical fitness of youth participants and non-participants in organized sports. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample included 161 boys and 187 girls 11-12 years and 128 boys and 143 girls 13-14 years. Height, weight, skeletal age (SA), physical activity, motor coordination, and fitness were assessed. Sex-specific comparisons of participants and non-participant…
Physical Activity and Fitness: Implications for Activity, Fitness, and Health During Youth and Adulthood
This overview considered the implications of adolescent physical activity and fitness for activity, fitness, and health status in adulthood; it is not, however, a systematic review. Several longitudinal studies that considered the timing of adolescence as a factor influencing physical activity, fitness, and health status in adulthood were initially considered. The tracking of physical activity, fitness, and health status across intervals within a…
Growth Status of Rural Youth 7–15 Years in Poland: Variation by Family Size in Decennial Surveys Spanning 1986–2016
To evaluate variation in the growth status of rural school children 7-15 years by number of children in the family within and across four decennial surveys spanning 1986-2016. Heights and weights of children in the same 10 communities were measured; BMI was calculated. Samples included 1416 boys and 1326 girls in 1986; 971 boys and 947 girls in 1996; 871 boys and 843 girls in 2006, and 658 boys and 711 girls in 2016. Number of children in the fam…
In plain sight: Green views from the residence and urbanites’ neighborhood satisfaction
Age at peak height velocity in Polish adolescents: Effect of socioeconomic factors
Age at peak height velocity (APHV) is an indicator of maturity timing which is applicable to both sexes, and which is influenced by environmental factors. The objective of this study was to assess variation in APHV associated with several indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) in a longitudinal sample of Polish adolescents. The sample included 739 boys born in 1983 and followed annually from 12 to 16 years, and 597 girls born in 1985 and follow…
Body size and three estimates of skeletal age: Relationships with strength and motor performance among male soccer players 9–12 and 13–16 years
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the associations between height, weight, and three estimates of skeletal age (SA) and the strength and motor performance of male soccer players in two chronological age (CA) groups, 9-12 (n = 60) and 13-16 (n = 52) years. METHODS: Height, weight, strength (grip), speed (5 m, 20 m sprints), acceleration (time at crossing 10 m in 20 m sprint), agility (figure-of-eight run), power (vertical jump), and endurance (intermittent s…
Secular change in heights of rural adults in west-central poland between 1986 and 2016: The transition from pre- to post-communism
Secular change in the heights of adult men and women resident in ten rural communities in west-central Poland in four decennial surveys between 1986 and 2016 is considered. The adults were parents of children attending schools in rural communities in the province of Poznań. During each survey, parents of school children were asked to complete a questionnaire which requested their ages, heights and completed levels of education. Ages were reported…
Interrelationships among skeletal age, growth status and motor performances in female athletes 10–15 years
SA per se accounted for small and non-significant amounts of variance in several motor performances of female youth athletes; rather, SA influenced performances indirectly through effects on stature, body mass and estimated FFM
Growth, maturity status, motor proficiency and fitness of participants and non-participants in organised sports 7–10 years
SA and performances among children 7-10 years active and not active in sport were largely non-significant statistically, while those active in sport were physically more active
Regional variation in body size and estimated secular change among adult Indian males born in the 1890s–1950s
Regional variation in the body size of Indian men 18-84 years of age (birth years 1891-1957) was considered. Heights, weights, and BMIs of Indian males from four regions of the country - North, East-Northeast, Central, and West were compared. Heights of men 35+ years of age were adjusted for estimated height loss with age; the estimate was added to observed height to provide an estimate of maximum height. Linear regressions of measured height and…
In memoriam: Tadeusz Bielicki, PhD , DSc , March 28, 1928–June 20, 2022
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The are no data used in this manuscript
Age at menarche, environmental stress, and social inequality: Evidence from Poland in the 1930s–1950s
OBJECTIVE: To address the relationship between socioeconomic factors and age of menarche among Polish women born and reared in periods that varied considerably in environmental stresses: the Great Depression of the 1930s, the interval of World War II, and the interval of communist rule following World War II through the 1950s. METHODS: The data set included information on age at menarche and socioeconomic status (SES) of 718 women born during the…
Body size and weight status of adult Indian males born in the 1890s–1950s: Age and secular change in the context of demographic, economic, and political transformation
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate secular change in body size and weight status of adult Indian males born in 1891-1957 and surveyed in the 1970s. METHODS: Data are from Anthropological Surveys. Only men were included in the surveys due to high female illiteracy and lack of female researchers. Indian society was also strongly conservative at the time, especially in rural areas, and the measurement of women by men was not permitted. Heights and weights of 4…
What drives the designation of protected areas? Accounting for spatial dependence using a composite marginal likelihood approach
Assessment of skeletal age in youth female soccer players: Agreement between Greulich‐Pyle and Fels protocols
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the agreement between the Fels and Greulich-Pyle methods for the assessment of skeletal age (SA) in female youth soccer players. METHODS: The sample included 441 Portuguese players 10.08-16.73 years of age who regularly participated in organized and competitive soccer. Standardized radiographs of the left hand-wrist were obtained and analyzed by an experienced examiner. SA was estimated with the…
Sport Activity Load and Skeletomuscular Robustness in Elite Youth Athletes
In an earlier report, bone mineral reference values for young athletes were developed. This study addressed variations in bone mineral parameters of young athletes participating in sports with different mechanical loads. The bone mineral status of 1793 male and female athletes, 11 to 20 years of age, in several sports was measured with DEXA. Specific bone mineral parameters were converted to z-scores relative to age- and sex-specific reference va…
Weight status of rural school youth in Poland: Secular Change 1986-2016
as covariates, and for comparison of the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe thinness and of overweight and obesity. BMIs increased, on average, across the four surveys, but differences between adjacent surveys varied. Prevalence of severe and moderate thinness was low in both sexes, while mild thinness tended to decline over time, more so among girls. Overweight and obesity increased over time, especially in 2006 and 2016 compared to 1986 an…
Prediction of maturity offset and age at peak height velocity in a longitudinal series of boys and girls
BACKGROUND: Predicted maturity offset, defined as time before peak height velocity (PHV) is increasingly used as an indicator of maturity status in studies of physical activity, fitness, and sport. OBJECTIVE: To validate maturity offset prediction equations in longitudinal samples of boys and girls. METHODS: The original and modified maturity offset prediction equations were applied to serial data for 266 boys (8-17 years) and 147 girls (8-16 yea…
Secular change in height and weight of rural school children and youth in west‐central Poland: 1986 To 2016
Objective To evaluate secular changes in the heights and weights of rural school youth in west‐central Poland across decennial surveys of the same communities spanning 1986 and 2016. Methods Heights and weights of school youth 7 to 15 years in 10 rural communities in the vicinity of the city of Poznań were measured in 1986 (1417 boys, 1326 girls), 1996 (979 boys, 947 girls), 2006 (871 boys, 843 girls), and 2016 (1189 boys, 1105 girls). Descriptiv…
Estimating Growth in Height from Limited Longitudinal Growth Data Using Full-Curves Training Dataset: A Comparison of Two Procedures of Curve Optimization—Functional Principal Component Analysis and S…
A variety of models are available for the estimation of parameters of the human growth curve. Several have been widely and successfully used with longitudinal data that are reasonably complete. On the other hand, the modeling of data for a limited number of observation points is problematic and requires the interpolation of the interval between points and often an extrapolation of the growth trajectory beyond the range of empirical limits (predic…
Age at menarche among rural school youth in west-central Poland: Variation With Weight Status and Population Growth
Studies of age at menarche in Poland have a long history and consistently show an urban-rural gradient. The objectives of the study were to to estimate the age at menarche among school girls resident in ten rural communities of the Greater Poland province in 2016 and to compare ages at menarche by weight status and by population growth. The sample included 1146 girls, 7–16 years of age, resident in ten rural communities. Menarcheal status was obt…
Do mating preferences remain the same when phenotypes change? Assortative mating for physical characteristics in an indigenous community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico
Assortative mating for physical characteristics did not differ between surveys conducted before (1978) and after (2000) major secular increases in height in the community, and any possible genetic effect of the secular trend on assortative was likely negligible.
In utero undernourishment during WWII: Effects on height and weight of young adult women
Under marginal nutritional conditions, growth in utero is related to subsequent growth and adult height. The aim of this research is to compare the young adult body size of women grouped by estimated duration of pregnancy relative to World War II. Subjects were 620 university students 18-25 years, for whom archival data for date of birth, age, height and weight were available; the BMI was calculated. Based on estimated time of pregnancy and birth…
Research on secular trends in auxology
Current status of research on secular trends in growth and maturation is considered from several perspectives. The need to define secular trends as positive, negative or absent is initially discussed. Positive secular trends, i.e., increases in size and earlier maturation, characterize the majority of the auxological literature. However, some populations have experienced negative secular trends or no trends. Positive secular trends and cessation …
Relative reliability of circumferences and skinfolds as measures of body fat distribution
The question has arisen whether patterns of body fat distribution can be identified by body circumferences, a method which is said to be more reliable and simpler than skinfold thickness or like measures of subcutaneous fat (Ashwell et al., Int. J. Obes. 6: 143–152, 1982). Here we address the question of whether body circumferences are inherently more reliable than skinfold thicknesses in 77 intra‐ and 224 interexaminer replicates from the Health…
Growth and body composition of Mexican‐American boys 9 through 14 years of age
The growth status and densitometric estimates of body composition are considered in a cross‐sectional sample of 95 Mexican‐American boys, 9 through 14 years of age, from lower socioeconomic circumstances. A series of 19 measurements were taken on each boy, including measures of size, proportions, skeletal breadths, limb circumferences, skinfolds, and grip strength. Body density was determined by underwater weighing and residual volume was predict…
Length and weight in rural Guatemalan Ladino children: Birth to seven years of age
The present study reports 5,029 length and weight measurements as well as percentile distributions for a mixed longitudinal series of 1,119 rural Guatemalan Ladino children. The study sample, birth through seven years, is representative of children in clinically good health, but of suboptimal nutrition. Boys are longer and heavier than girls over the age range. Guatemalan children of both sexes are smaller than American white children from Denver…
Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of children in a subsistence agricultural community
Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of 293 children, 6 through 13 years of age, from a rural subsistence agricultural community in southern Mexico was considered. Socioeconomic status was based on an index developed from landholdings, household goods, and occupation, and households were classified as high and low status. Growth measurements included weight, stature, sitting height, estimated leg length, arm and estimated arm muscle circu…
Secular trend in the stature and weight of Mexican‐American children in Texas between 1930 and 1970
Statures and weights for four samples of Mexican‐American children in Texas, measured in 1929–1931 and 1968–1972, were evaluated for evidence of a secular trend. The age range was 6 to 18 years, with more complete data from 8 through 15 years. There is no secular increase in the statures and weights of 6 year old children, a small increase in 8 years old children, and a larger secular increase at 10, 12, 14, and 15 years of age. From about 9 or 1…
Adult stature and age at menarche in Zapotec‐speaking communities in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, in a secular perspective
Adult stature and the age at menarche among individuals from Zapotec‐speaking communities in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico are considered in a secular perspective. Four sets of observations are utilized: (1) adult stature in males and females from five rural communities; (2) age at menarche in adult women and school girls from a single rural community; (3) earlier studies of adult stature in the Valley of Oaxaca; and (4) estimated statu…
Body size, fatness, and leanness of Mexican American children in Brownsville, Texas: Changes between 1972 and 1983
Changes in the height, weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold, and arm and estimated midarm muscle circumferences in lower socioeconomic Mexican American children, 6 through 17 years of age, from Brownsville, Texas, were documented on the basis of surveys done in 1972 and 1983. With the exception of height in youths ages 14-17, all parameters show gains at most ages, and in particular an increase in fatness. Brownsville Mexican American youth …
Relative lower extremity length in Mexican American and in American Black and White youth
Stature, sitting height, estimated leg (subischial) length and the sitting height/stature ratio are compared in Mexican American, American White and American Black boys 9 through 14 years of age and girls 12 through 17 years of age. Mexican American youth are shorter in stature and have absolutely shorter lower extremities. The sitting height of Mexican American youth is similar to that of Black youth and shorter than that of White youth. The sit…
Age and secular factors in the stature of adult Zapotec males
Age and secular factors in adult stature were investigated in a sample of 111 Zapotec‐speaking males from Oaxaca, Mexico. Comparisons with earlier studies showed no clear evidence of a secular trend. The increase in stature due to age and secular factors was approximately 0.07 cm per year (significant, p
Nível de atividade física em adolescentes do Município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o nível de atividade física (AF) de adolescentes de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Alunos (n = 325) da rede pública de ensino tiveram seus AF avaliados pelo questionário de Crocker et al. (1997), PAQ-C. Dados antropométricos (massa corporal, estatura e índice de massa corporal) e horas que assistem à televisão (TV) também foram coletados. As médias dos escores do PAQ-C foram 2,3 e 2,0 para meninos e menin…
Aging in selected anthropometric dimensions in a rural Zapotec-speaking community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
Epidemiologic transition in an isolated indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
The objective of the present study is to analyze age‐specific mortality in a rural indigenous community in the throes of a secular increase in size in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, over 30 years, 1970–1999. Variation in mortality by age group was analyzed over time for evidence of an epidemiological transition. The seasonal rain pattern in the Valley of Oaxaca (83% from May through September) was evaluated for its relationship with morta…
Craniofacial dimensions in children in rural Oaxaca, Southern Mexico: Secular change, 1968–2000
The objective of this investigation was to analyze the underlying cause(s) of secular changes in craniofacial dimensions among indigenous children in an isolated community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico, between 1968-2000. Subjects were schoolchildren resident in a rural, agrarian, Zapotec-speaking community in the Valley of Oaxaca, previously characterized as mildly-to-moderately undernourished with growth-stunting in 1968 and 1978. In 2000, childre…
Inbreeding Avoidance in an Isolated Indigenous Zapotec Community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
We analyzed inbreeding using surname isonymy in an indigenous genetic isolate. The subjects were residents of a rural Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico. The community can be classified as a genetic isolate with an average gene flow of < or = 3% per generation. Surnames were collected for individuals in each household in pedigree form using the culturally traditional patronym-matronym naming. Estimation of inbreed…
Growth status of Mexican American children and youths: Historical trends and contemporary issues
The growth status of Mexican American children and youths is reviewed in a historical perspective that begins in the 1920s. The early studies were more concerned with growth status as an indicator of undernutrition and associated growth stunting, while the more recent studies have overnutrition and excess fatness as a primary focus. Evidence from recent studies suggests a relatively large number of short but heavy Mexican American children and yo…
Differential contribution of stature phenotypes to assortative mating in parents of Philadelphia Black and White school children
Assortative mating for stature, weight, and the ponderal and Quetelet's indices is considered in a large sample of Philadelphia Blacks and Whites. The husband‐wife correlation for stature is positive and significant in Whites ( r = 0.34, d.f. = 382), but negligible in Blacks ( r = 0.06, d.f. = 420). Correlations for weight and the body indices are positive and significant in both samples, those for body indices showing some dependency on the husb…
Secular change in heights of indigenous adults from a Zapotec‐speaking community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico
Secular change in adult height of residents in a rural indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca was evaluated. Subjects were measured in 1971 (49 males, 26 females 19–70 years), 1978 (128 males, 124 females 19–82 years) and 2000 (155 males, 255 females 19–89 years). Heights were adjusted for estimated loss with age using two protocols; height at 21 years of age was also estimated. The effects of age and secular factors on measured and adjuste…
Adaptive significance of small body size: Strength and motor performance of school children in Mexico and Papua New Guinea
The postulated superior functional efficiency in association with reduced body size under conditions of chronic protein‐energy undernutrition was considered in school children from rural Mexico and coastal Papua New Guinea. Grip strength and three measures of motor performance were measured in cross‐sectional samples of children 6–16 years of age from a rural agricultural community in Oaxaca, Mexico, and from the coastal community Pere on Manus I…
Fatness and skeletal maturity of Belgian boys 12 through 17 years of age
Relationships between fatness and skeletal maturity are considered in a nationwide sample of 14,259 Belgian boys 12 through 17 years of age (The Leuven Growth Study of Belgian Boys). Absolute fatness was estimated from four skinfolds using the Drinkwater and Ross technique and from the sum of four skinfolds, and was related to skeletal maturity assessed by the Tanner‐Whitehouse method (I and II). In addition, comparisons were made between the fat…
Sexual dimorphism in bone growth as a function of body size in moderately malnourished Guatemalan preschool age children
The sexual dimorphism in second metacarpal bone growth was investigated in 710 malnourished Guatemalan children one to seven years old to determine if the sex differences seen are only the result of differences in stature and weight. The study sample was mixed‐longitudinal and consisted of 1,586 annual examinations. Boys have greater mean stature, weight, periosteal diameter, medullary diameter and cortical area than girls the same age, while gir…
Comparison of the increase in body size between 1899 and 1970 in a specially selected group with that in the general population
Height and weight data for varsity football players from 1899 to 1970 were analyzed for evidence of a secular trend in such a specialized sample. Recent football teams ('61–'70) are, on the average, 2.6 inches (6.6 cm) taller and 35.3 pounds (16.05 kg) heavier than the teams at the turn of the century (1899–1910). The estimated trend over the 70 year span was 0.37 inches (0.94 cm) per decade for stature and 5.04 pounds (2.29 kg) per decade for we…
Secular trends are associated with the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that secular changes in body size and age at menarche are related to the demographic and epidemiologic transitions in an indigenous community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico. METHODS: Data were derived from surveys of a Zapotec-speaking community conducted between 1968 and 2000. Segmented linear regressions of height, weight, BMI and recalled age at menarche on year of birth in cohorts of adults born before and after …
Physical Activity, Physical Self-Concept, and Health-Related Quality of Life of Extreme Early and Late Maturing Adolescent Girls
In this study we tested for differences in physical activity (PA), physical self-concept, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between the least and most biologically mature adolescent females within their respective chronological and academic year groups. A total of 222 British female adolescents aged 10 to 14 years ([Formula: see text] age = 12.7 years; SD = .8) completed a series of instruments assessing PA, physical self-concept, and HR…
Opportunity for Natural Selection and Gene Flow in an Isolated Zapotec-Speaking Community in Southern Mexico in the Throes of a Secular Increase in Size
Our object in this paper is to analyze the opportunity for natural selection and gene flow in an isolated Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, that is undergoing a secular increase in body size. Surveys were conducted in the community in 1968, 1978, and 2000, including anthropometric and census data. No secular change was found in the growth status of schoolchildren and adult height between 1968 and 1978; subsequen…
Phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity and its relationship to growth variation
The hypothesis that there is a relationship between the tasting polymorphism and growth variation was tested on a sample of 425 Negro elementary school children. Twenty‐seven non‐tasters were found by testing with impregnated papers; 13 were male, 14 female, indicating no sex differences in this group. Matchedpair comparisons indicated no differences in weight, a tendency for tasters to be taller, and a stronger tendency for tasters of both sexes…
Body Composition and Physical Fitness [and Comments and Reply]
Body composition, changing characteristically not only according to age and sex but also according to the balance of energy input and output and functional state, has become one of the most interesting morphological features of human physique. Cross-sectional studies have revealed remarkable differences in the proportions of lean body mass and fat related to adaptation for intensive physical activity in both adults and children and also in the ag…
Parent size and growth status of offspring
Correlations of midshaft breadths and compact bone thickness among bones of the upper and lower extremities of children aged 6 to 16 years
Correlations between endosteal, periosteal and compact bone breadths of the humerus, tibia, second metacarpal and second metatarsal were determined in a sample of 394 normal, white children from greater Philadelphia. Although most correlations tended to be significant, the magnitude of all were low, except just at the time of the onset of the adolescent spurt. In normal, disease‐free children, measurements of a single bone cannot be confidently u…
Physical Anthropology: Human Biology: A Guide to Field Methods . J. S. Weiner and J. A. Lourie, comp. Foreword by E. B. Worthington
A consideration of factors underlying the selection of methods in the assessment of skeletal maturity
The assessment of skeletal maturity is basically a method. How one makes this assessment or what one does with the assessment is dictated by the research and/or clinical problem at hand. A variety of methods have been suggested for the assessment of skeletal maturity, although the two most commonly used are the inspectional and bone specific approaches. Several of the proposed methods are considered, with primary emphasis upon the problems, facto…
Comparison of the increase in body size between 1899 and 1970 in a specially selected group with that in the general population
Height and weight data for varsity football players from 1899 to 1970 were analyzed for evidence of a secular trend in such a specialized sample. Recent football teams ('61–'70) are, on the average, 2.6 inches (6.6 cm) taller and 35.3 pounds (16.05 kg) heavier than the teams at the turn of the century (1899–1910). The estimated trend over the 70 year span was 0.37 inches (0.94 cm) per decade for stature and 5.04 pounds (2.29 kg) per decade for we…
Physical Anthropology: Physical Growth and Body Composition: Papers from the Kyoto Symposium on Anthropological Aspects of Human Growth. Josef BROŽK
Availability of Materials
Height and weight growth patterns of school age deaf children
Distance and velocity curves for height and weight were analyzed in a mixed longitudinal sample of American White, American Negro and Mexican‐American deaf children 6 through 17 years of age. The heights of deaf boys and girls are, on the average, consistently below an accepted pediatric standard from six through ten years of age. Between 11 and 17 years, deaf White and Negro boys approximate the standard, while White and Negro girls are at or sl…
Physical: Child Growth. Wilton Marion KROGMAN
Height and Weight Standards for Preschool Children
Length and weight in rural Guatemalan Ladino children: Birth to seven years of age
The present study reports 5,029 length and weight measurements as well as percentile distributions for a mixed longitudinal series of 1,119 rural Guatemalan Ladino children. The study sample, birth through seven years, is representative of children in clinically good health, but of suboptimal nutrition. Boys are longer and heavier than girls over the age range. Guatemalan children of both sexes are smaller than American white children from Denver…
Age and secular factors in the stature of adult Zapotec males
Age and secular factors in adult stature were investigated in a sample of 111 Zapotec‐speaking males from Oaxaca, Mexico. Comparisons with earlier studies showed no clear evidence of a secular trend. The increase in stature due to age and secular factors was approximately 0.07 cm per year (significant, p
Skeletal maturity of the hand and wrist in Oaxaca school children
Skeletal maturity of the hand and wrist (Tanner-Whitehouse II system) was assessed in a sample of 394 school children 5 to 18 years of age, in the city of Oaxaca, Mexico. The socio-economic background of the sample was relatively poor and the group appeared to have a poor nutritional history (via height and weight measurements). At most ages, the mean skeletal ages of Oaxaca school children are below the British means, and about 60 per cent of th…
Androgyny of physique in female track and field athletes
Androgyny scores (3 x biacromial breadth - bicristal breadth) were calculated for 66 female track and field five event categories and 76 female non-athletes. Runners (distance and sprinters) did not differ significantly from the non-athletes in androgyny. However, jumpers, discus/javelin throwers, and shotputters were significantly more androgynous in physique. Androgyny scores for participants in jumping and throwing events overlapped considerab…
Differential contribution of stature phenotypes to assortative mating in parents of Philadelphia Black and White school children
Assortative mating for stature, weight, and the ponderal and Quetelet's indices is considered in a large sample of Philadelphia Blacks and Whites. The husband‐wife correlation for stature is positive and significant in Whites ( r = 0.34, d.f. = 382), but negligible in Blacks ( r = 0.06, d.f. = 420). Correlations for weight and the body indices are positive and significant in both samples, those for body indices showing some dependency on the husb…
Sexual dimorphism in bone growth as a function of body size in moderately malnourished Guatemalan preschool age children
The sexual dimorphism in second metacarpal bone growth was investigated in 710 malnourished Guatemalan children one to seven years old to determine if the sex differences seen are only the result of differences in stature and weight. The study sample was mixed‐longitudinal and consisted of 1,586 annual examinations. Boys have greater mean stature, weight, periosteal diameter, medullary diameter and cortical area than girls the same age, while gir…
Stature and age as factors in the growth of second metacarpal cortical bone in moderately malnourished children
The association of stature and age with measures of second metacarpal cortical bone growth is investigated in a sample of 1586 radiographs taken from Guatemalan Ladino children aged 1-7 years in a setting of endemic mild-to-moderate malnutrition. For given stature, chronological age is positively associated with cortical thickness and cortical area and negatively associated with periosteal and medullary diameter. These different partial correlati…
Age of menarche in Oaxaca, Mexico, schoolgirls, with comparative data for other areas of Mexico
Status quo menarcheal information was collected for a mixed urban colonia and rural sample of 315 girls in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Comparative status quo data for girls from four major urban centres in Mexico, and for a rural sample were also analysed. Median age at menarche (estimated by probit analysis) for Oaxaca girls was 14.27 +/- 0.20 years, about 0.5 year later than that for the rural sample from Tampico-Altamira, Tamaulipas (13.79 +…
Age at menarche in deaf girls
Using the status quo and retrospective methods, age at menarche was estimated for a sample of 212 deaf girls 7 through 20 years of age. Median age at menarche via probit analysis was 11.91 +/- 0.25 years, while the mean based on recalled age in older girls (greater than or equal to 15.5 years) was 12.56 +/- 0.16 years. These two estimates thus differ by approximately 0.6 years. The probit estimate of median age at menarche in deaf girls is simila…
Skeletal age and submaximal working capacity in boys
Skeletal age (SA) and Vo2 at a heart rate of 130 (Vo130) during work on a bicycle ergometer were measured in 237 boys 8-18 years of age. Analysis indicates that Vo130 is well correlated with SA, but also is equally well correlated with chronological age (CA), height and body weight. Age-specific correlations show that Vo130 is associated with SA from 12 through 16 years of age. Partialing out SA results in a significant decrease in the correlatio…
Patterns of childhood mortality and growth status in a rural Zapotec community
Infant and childhood mortality (birth to 14 years), and growth status of 143 schoolchildren (5 to 14 years) are considered for a rural, Zapotec-speaking community (population, 1703) in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Mortality statistics are based on civil records from 1945 to 1970. Growth status is based on weight and height for age, and weight for weight for height. In the Zapotec community, about 59% of all deaths occur in children under 15 year…
VI. Growth, Development, and Physique: Study of Twins, Study in Human Development . Produced and directed by H. D. Behrens
Secular Changes in Size and Maturity: Causes and Effects
Robert M. Malina, Secular Changes in Size and Maturity: Causes and Effects, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 44, No. 3/4, Secular Trends in Human Growth, Maturation, and Development (1979), pp. 59-102
Demography (168 works) · Medicine (168 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (77 works) · Sociology (75 works) · Demography (74 works) · Geography (72 works) · Biology (70 works) · Psychology (65 works) · Internal Medicine (56 works) · Physical therapy (52 works)