Scott Hofer
Biographic Data
| ID | 74572 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Scott Hofer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Scott |
| FAMILY NAME | Hofer |
| SIGNATURE | HOFER S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7267-9356 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 9 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Exploring the role of conceptual knowledge and representational competence in an augmented reality physics environment
Prior knowledge plays a crucial role in learning in STEM education. The potential interplay between components of the prior knowledge, such as representational competence and conceptual understanding, remains remarkably underexplored. Even less is known about how these relationships unfold in augmented reality (AR)-supported learning environments, which offer unique affordances, such as visualizing the invisible, that may shape the role of prior …
The impact of the testing environment on gender differences in mental rotation performance
Examining and comparing the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge across four samples
Introduction Whereas it is commonly assumed that in learning science, representational competence is a critical prerequisite for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge, comprehensive psychometric investigations of this assumption are rare. We undertake a step in this direction by re-analyzing the data from a recent study that found a substantial correlation between the two constructs in undergraduates in the context of field representations and …
Inter-cohort shifts in chronic disease, dementia, and mortality
18,528). In addition to exploring shifts in disease incidence we also examine shifts in disease mortality. Both general and sex-related differences are examined. Disease incidence has increased for later-born cohorts in England, replicating similar trends in the U.S. Not all diseases showed differences between men and women, but when differences were identified, women had lower risks for disease. In comparison to the U.S. sample, disease trends i…
A novel approach to model cumulative stress
Unraveling the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge across four samples from two different countries
Introduction Whereas it is commonly assumed that in learning science, representational competence is a critical prerequisite for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge, comprehensive psychometric investigations of this assumption are rare. We undertake a step in this direction by re-analyzing the data from a recent study that found a substantial correlation between the two constructs in undergraduates in the context of field representations and …
A Literature Review Comparing Experts’ and Non-Experts’ Visual Processing of Graphs during Problem-Solving and Learning
The interpretation of graphs plays a pivotal role in education because it is relevant for understanding and representing data and comprehending concepts in various domains. Accordingly, many studies examine students’ gaze behavior by comparing different levels of expertise when interpreting graphs. This literature review presents an overview of 32 articles comparing the gaze behavior of experts and non-experts during problem-solving and learning …
Students home alone—profiles of internal and external conditions associated with mathematics learning from home
s This study aims at describing differences in internal and external resources of students to handle mathematics learning from home. Based on data from N = 223 7th-grade secondary school students gathered via an online survey at the end of the first school year during the COVID-19 pandemic, we used latent profile analysis to identify student profiles defined by the internal factors perceived value and success of students’ math learning from home …
What Matters for Boys Does Not Necessarily Matter for Girls
While math performance does not seem to differ systematically between males and females, it is one of the subjects that is consistently perceived as “male” with girls regularly reporting lower levels of motivation and less positive attitudes than boys. This study aimed to uncover gender-specific relations between perceived self-determination, engagement, and performance in school mathematics that might help to better understand this discrepancy. …
Symptoms of depression and anxiety, and unmet healthcare needs in adults during the Covid-19 pandemic
The presence of depression and anxiety symptoms were strongly associated with perceived unmet healthcare needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to improve healthcare access for adults with depression and anxiety during the pandemic may be necessary
Levels of Depression and Anxiety Among Informal Caregivers During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The findings shed light on the change in mental health among informal caregivers during the outset of the pandemic. The demonstrated associations between studied variables and mental health among informal caregivers provide empirical evidence for intervention programs aiming to support caregivers, particularly those who are female, and providing intensive care at home
Reducing gender differences in student motivational‐affective factors
BACKGROUND: Research shows that gender differences tend to exist in student motivational-affective factors in core subjects such as math, science or reading, where one gender is stereotypically disadvantaged. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate strategies that could reduce these gender differences by conducting a meta-analysis on school-based intervention studies that targeted student motivational-affective factors. We therefore evaluated wheth…
Online teaching and learning in higher education
Designing for fake news literacy training
Engineering Students' Thinking About Technical Systems
This paper aims at identifying ontological categories as higher-order knowledge structures that underlie engineering students’ thinking about technical systems. Derived from interviews, these ontological categories include, inter alia, a focus on the behavior, structure, or purpose of a technical system. We designed and administered a paper-based test to assess these ontological categories in a sample of N = 340 first-year students in different e…
The Interplay Between the Natural Number Bias and Fraction Magnitude Processing in Low-Achieving Students
Research has identified two core difficulties many students have with fractions: First, they often struggle with processing fraction magnitudes, and second, they rely on natural number concepts in fraction problems (“Natural Number Bias”, NNB). Yet, the relation between these two difficulties is not well understood. Moreover, while most studies of the NNB relied on analyses of the whole samples, there is empirical evidence that the occurrence of …
First among equals
The potential of digital tools to enhance mathematics and science learning in secondary schools
Based on systematic research of studies published since the year 2000, this comprehensive meta-analysis investigated how the use of technology can enhance learning in secondary school mathematics and science (grade levels 5–13). All studies (k = 92) compared learning outcomes of students using digital tools to those of a control group taught without the use of digital tools. Overall, digital tool use had a positive effect on student learning outc…
Evaluating school inspection effectiveness
Mortality Risk Associated With Personality Facets of the Big Five and Interpersonal Circumplex Across Three Aging Cohorts
OBJECTIVE: To address the common reliance on the global Big Five domains in the personality and longevity literature, the present study examined mortality risk associated with subdimensions of Big Five domains as well as specific traits within the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) model of personality. METHODS: Data were drawn from three major longitudinal studies of aging that administered the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, a comprehensive meas…
Latino Judges on the Federal District Court
As the Latino population in the United States grows, it is increasingly important to understand how the unique experience of Latino judges translates into legal decisions. This experience has included, until recently, a bipartisan prioritization to appoint Latinos to the federal judiciary. For the first time, we analyze the judicial decision-making of Latino judges with enough observations to provide robust results. We find that the differences i…
Cohort Profile
The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) was established to understand and address the needs of an aging population.1–3 Overall aims are to examine aging as a dynamic process; to investigate the inter-relationship among intrinsic and extrinsic factors from mid-life to older age; and to capture the transitions, trajectories and profiles of aging.4 A central objective in creating the CLSA was to provide national infrastructure and build capa…
Cell Phones, Sexual Behaviors and HIV Prevalence in Rakai, Uganda
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Time-Dependent Data
The effect of time-related mean differences on estimates of association in cross-sectional studies has not been widely recognized in developmental and aging research. Cross-sectional studies of samples varying in age have found moderate to high levels of shared age-related variance among diverse age-related measures. These findings may be misleading because high levels of association between time-dependent processes can result simply from average…
Levels of Depression and Anxiety Among Informal Caregivers During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The findings shed light on the change in mental health among informal caregivers during the outset of the pandemic. The demonstrated associations between studied variables and mental health among informal caregivers provide empirical evidence for intervention programs aiming to support caregivers, particularly those who are female, and providing intensive care at home
Latino Judges on the Federal District Court
As the Latino population in the United States grows, it is increasingly important to understand how the unique experience of Latino judges translates into legal decisions. This experience has included, until recently, a bipartisan prioritization to appoint Latinos to the federal judiciary. For the first time, we analyze the judicial decision-making of Latino judges with enough observations to provide robust results. We find that the differences i…
A novel approach to model cumulative stress
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Time-Dependent Data
The effect of time-related mean differences on estimates of association in cross-sectional studies has not been widely recognized in developmental and aging research. Cross-sectional studies of samples varying in age have found moderate to high levels of shared age-related variance among diverse age-related measures. These findings may be misleading because high levels of association between time-dependent processes can result simply from average…
Cohort Profile
The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) was established to understand and address the needs of an aging population.1–3 Overall aims are to examine aging as a dynamic process; to investigate the inter-relationship among intrinsic and extrinsic factors from mid-life to older age; and to capture the transitions, trajectories and profiles of aging.4 A central objective in creating the CLSA was to provide national infrastructure and build capa…
Cell Phones, Sexual Behaviors and HIV Prevalence in Rakai, Uganda
Engineering Students' Thinking About Technical Systems
This paper aims at identifying ontological categories as higher-order knowledge structures that underlie engineering students’ thinking about technical systems. Derived from interviews, these ontological categories include, inter alia, a focus on the behavior, structure, or purpose of a technical system. We designed and administered a paper-based test to assess these ontological categories in a sample of N = 340 first-year students in different e…
The Interplay Between the Natural Number Bias and Fraction Magnitude Processing in Low-Achieving Students
Research has identified two core difficulties many students have with fractions: First, they often struggle with processing fraction magnitudes, and second, they rely on natural number concepts in fraction problems (“Natural Number Bias”, NNB). Yet, the relation between these two difficulties is not well understood. Moreover, while most studies of the NNB relied on analyses of the whole samples, there is empirical evidence that the occurrence of …
First among equals
The potential of digital tools to enhance mathematics and science learning in secondary schools
Based on systematic research of studies published since the year 2000, this comprehensive meta-analysis investigated how the use of technology can enhance learning in secondary school mathematics and science (grade levels 5–13). All studies (k = 92) compared learning outcomes of students using digital tools to those of a control group taught without the use of digital tools. Overall, digital tool use had a positive effect on student learning outc…
Evaluating school inspection effectiveness
Mortality Risk Associated With Personality Facets of the Big Five and Interpersonal Circumplex Across Three Aging Cohorts
OBJECTIVE: To address the common reliance on the global Big Five domains in the personality and longevity literature, the present study examined mortality risk associated with subdimensions of Big Five domains as well as specific traits within the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) model of personality. METHODS: Data were drawn from three major longitudinal studies of aging that administered the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, a comprehensive meas…
Latino Judges on the Federal District Court
As the Latino population in the United States grows, it is increasingly important to understand how the unique experience of Latino judges translates into legal decisions. This experience has included, until recently, a bipartisan prioritization to appoint Latinos to the federal judiciary. For the first time, we analyze the judicial decision-making of Latino judges with enough observations to provide robust results. We find that the differences i…
Online teaching and learning in higher education
Designing for fake news literacy training
What Matters for Boys Does Not Necessarily Matter for Girls
While math performance does not seem to differ systematically between males and females, it is one of the subjects that is consistently perceived as “male” with girls regularly reporting lower levels of motivation and less positive attitudes than boys. This study aimed to uncover gender-specific relations between perceived self-determination, engagement, and performance in school mathematics that might help to better understand this discrepancy. …
Symptoms of depression and anxiety, and unmet healthcare needs in adults during the Covid-19 pandemic
The presence of depression and anxiety symptoms were strongly associated with perceived unmet healthcare needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to improve healthcare access for adults with depression and anxiety during the pandemic may be necessary
Levels of Depression and Anxiety Among Informal Caregivers During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The findings shed light on the change in mental health among informal caregivers during the outset of the pandemic. The demonstrated associations between studied variables and mental health among informal caregivers provide empirical evidence for intervention programs aiming to support caregivers, particularly those who are female, and providing intensive care at home
Reducing gender differences in student motivational‐affective factors
BACKGROUND: Research shows that gender differences tend to exist in student motivational-affective factors in core subjects such as math, science or reading, where one gender is stereotypically disadvantaged. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate strategies that could reduce these gender differences by conducting a meta-analysis on school-based intervention studies that targeted student motivational-affective factors. We therefore evaluated wheth…
Unraveling the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge across four samples from two different countries
Introduction Whereas it is commonly assumed that in learning science, representational competence is a critical prerequisite for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge, comprehensive psychometric investigations of this assumption are rare. We undertake a step in this direction by re-analyzing the data from a recent study that found a substantial correlation between the two constructs in undergraduates in the context of field representations and …
A Literature Review Comparing Experts’ and Non-Experts’ Visual Processing of Graphs during Problem-Solving and Learning
The interpretation of graphs plays a pivotal role in education because it is relevant for understanding and representing data and comprehending concepts in various domains. Accordingly, many studies examine students’ gaze behavior by comparing different levels of expertise when interpreting graphs. This literature review presents an overview of 32 articles comparing the gaze behavior of experts and non-experts during problem-solving and learning …
Students home alone—profiles of internal and external conditions associated with mathematics learning from home
s This study aims at describing differences in internal and external resources of students to handle mathematics learning from home. Based on data from N = 223 7th-grade secondary school students gathered via an online survey at the end of the first school year during the COVID-19 pandemic, we used latent profile analysis to identify student profiles defined by the internal factors perceived value and success of students’ math learning from home …
Examining and comparing the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge across four samples
Introduction Whereas it is commonly assumed that in learning science, representational competence is a critical prerequisite for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge, comprehensive psychometric investigations of this assumption are rare. We undertake a step in this direction by re-analyzing the data from a recent study that found a substantial correlation between the two constructs in undergraduates in the context of field representations and …
Inter-cohort shifts in chronic disease, dementia, and mortality
18,528). In addition to exploring shifts in disease incidence we also examine shifts in disease mortality. Both general and sex-related differences are examined. Disease incidence has increased for later-born cohorts in England, replicating similar trends in the U.S. Not all diseases showed differences between men and women, but when differences were identified, women had lower risks for disease. In comparison to the U.S. sample, disease trends i…
A novel approach to model cumulative stress
Exploring the role of conceptual knowledge and representational competence in an augmented reality physics environment
Prior knowledge plays a crucial role in learning in STEM education. The potential interplay between components of the prior knowledge, such as representational competence and conceptual understanding, remains remarkably underexplored. Even less is known about how these relationships unfold in augmented reality (AR)-supported learning environments, which offer unique affordances, such as visualizing the invisible, that may shape the role of prior …
The impact of the testing environment on gender differences in mental rotation performance
Psychology (15 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Demography (6 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Gerontology (6 works) · Mathematics education (6 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Statistics (5 works)