David A Kennedy
Biographic Data
| ID | 7469812 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David A Kennedy |
| GIVEN NAMES | David A |
| FAMILY NAME | Kennedy |
| SIGNATURE | KENNEDY D A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Merseytravel |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0820-115X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 63 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Settlement and Soldiers in the Roman Near East
The Roman Near East has been a source of fascination and exasperation - an immense area, a rich archaeological heritage as well as documents in several local languages, a region with a great depth of urbanisation and development ... yet relatively neglected by modern researchers and difficult to work on and in. Local archaeologists are often under-funded and the Roman period viewed as an earlier phase of western colonialism. Happily, the immense …
Could have been a god but chose to be a Devil’. The 2004 European Championships and Wayne Rooney’s departure from Everton Football Club
The world of elite football is woven from complex and intriguing relations informing the identities of players, clubs and supporters, across local, national and international boundaries. Often, key players with a global presence become a catalyst informing such relations. This paper considers one stark example of this: the case of Wayne Rooney, a local Liverpool lad and football protégée who raced through the ranks of Everton’s youth academy to e…
Merseyside football and the slave trade
This paper is about the roots of Everton Football Club and, given their shared heritage, Liverpool FC. It concerns a dimension to the history of both clubs that has been largely overlooked but should be considered in light of Liverpool’s ongoing civic reckoning with its historic slave trade connection. The research carried out suggests that the foundation period of professional football on Merseyside was marked by the patronage of well-known figu…
The name game: The role of epithets in the maintenance of moral authority in football
This exploratory paper examines the potential value of working with the concept of ‘epithets’ in football. We discuss that their variability and their possible significance in illuminating ways would-be football connoisseurs are able to internalize an archive of footballing memories – some directly experienced, others reflect on second-hand. We conclude that epithets contain their own message about the past and prevailing social relationships in …
English premier league football clubs during the covid-19 pandemic: Business as usual
Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest is reported by the authors. Notes 1. Kennedy and Kennedy, Football in Neo-Liberal Times. 2. Arsenal in the Community, “The Community Story.” 3. Wolves Foundation, “Welcome to the Wolverhampton Wanderers Foundation.” 4. CITC, “Our Community in Manchester.” 5. The Guardian, “Pay Cuts, Furlough or Deferrals: What are the Premier League Clubs Doing?” 6. Ibid. 7. https://www.glory-glory.co.uk/comm…
Football in Neo-Liberal Times: A Marxist perspective on the European football industry
This book offers an original Marxist critique of the European football business. It argues that the Marxist account of the difference between profits and surplus value is crucial to an understanding of the fluid and contradictory nature of the commodification of football. Section one analyses the nature of modern professional football and section two highlights attempts, via government agency and football clubs, to corral fans into ever greater i…
A contextual analysis of Europe’s ultra football supporters movement
This study seeks to locate the defining features and preoccupations key to the European ultra football movement in the crisis of reformist politics in the wake of the victory of neo-liberalism on that continent. It is posited that the ultra approach to the colonization of commercial forces in the game and their response to social problems, in the shape of the rise of racist and fascist organization affecting football, positions the ultra movement…
Introduction: Reflections on the context of ‘Left Wing’ fan cultures
At a time when institutional levers are being pulled to counter the twin threats of racism and rampant commercialism, traditional grassroots radicalism amongst football supporters committed to opposing these long-standing problems in European professional football are in danger of being overlooked. Football is a cultural form, which carries with it the possibility of promoting the voices of the disenfranchised and the marginalized, and as such th…
Football supporters and the commercialisation of football: Comparative responses across Europe
European football market finances appear to be in very good health and impervious to the current Euro-wide financial crises. Yet beneath the apparent financial buoyancy a different story emerges, one of fan exploitation, spiraling debt and the threat of bankruptcy hanging over many clubs. In this introduction to the special issue we chart what is effectively a political economy of debt underpinning the European football market and threatening to …
Football stadium relocation and the commodification of football: The case of Everton supporters and their adoption of the language of commerce
To what extent have supporters surrendered to the view that football is just another business to be understood in terms of the power of money? This question is posed by looking at the recent debate between supporters of Everton Football Club concerning their club's proposed ground move from Goodison Park, Liverpool to Kirkby in the neighbouring Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside. What comes to the fore is the tension between fans mani…
The coup de grace against Houlding
The split in Everton Football Club in 1892 was a defining moment in the history of Merseyside football. Our knowledge of this event has been advanced by a handful of studies, which, though not concentrating specifically on the split, have helped to establish an orthodox view of the dynamics that lay behind it. 1 1. Keates, The History of the Everton Football Club; Young, Football on Merseyside; Day, ‘The Motivations of Some Football Club Director…
Houlding and the rise of factionalism
Born in Everton in 1832, John Houlding was an important figure in Liverpool politics and central to the foundation of professional football in the city. Houlding started out in life, however, from relatively humble beginnings. He helped his father in his occupation as a cow keeper (during Houlding’s childhood the district of Everton was semi-rural) before finding employment in a nearby brewery when his father’s stock was lost through cattle plagu…
Red and blue and orange and green
People ‘dressed’ their houses to advertise Cup Final footballing allegiances, though my Mum would never allow my brother’s Evertonian blue to go up in case neighbours or passers-by mistakenly took us for Catholics. 1 1. Williams, Into the Red, 10. John Williams is a football sociologist. It was strange in the 1930s for a Catholic to support Liverpool. 2 2. Woods, Growin’ Up, 43. In Liverpool, even in the two-ups and two-downs, most Protestants we…
Conclusion
Everton and Liverpool in the post-Houlding era
In a previous article a number of obvious organizational dissimilarities existing between Everton and Liverpool football clubs in the period prior to 1902 were uncovered. It was revealed that Liverpool in that early period of development was characterized by its small, exclusively selected share ownership base, its financial domination by individual shareholders who were also involved in the local drink industry, and a boardroom exhibiting clear …
The district of Everton
In his historical account Memorials of Liverpool (1871), Sir James A. Picton offers us an evocative account of the evolution of Everton. Picton describes how the movement of a wealthy Liverpool merchant class constructing luxurious mansions in the district first disturbed the rural environment of ‘barren sandstone ridge, with its waste of gorse and heather’. A relatively self-contained village community of fewer than 500 in 1801, with few strong …
Moonbeams and baying dogs: Football and Liverpool politics
To understand the extreme circumstances that brought about the split of the newly crowned English League title holders, it is important to recognize how events outside the club framed the dispute and intensified matters internally to breaking point. The club dispute occurred during a period when a bitter battle raged for political control of the north end of Liverpool. The early 1890s was a period of upheaval in municipal affairs marked by robust…
And then there were two: Everton and Liverpool football clubs, 1892–1902
It has been established that the split of Everton FC in 1892 involved a clash between factional forces with different visions concerning the correct model of football club governance. After the split, the creation of two limited companies, Everton Football Club Company Limited and Liverpool Football Club and Athletic Grounds Company Limited, allowed each faction the freedom to manoeuvre – to pursue their preferred strategy of organizational growt…
It’s the little details that make up our identity’: Everton supporters and their stadium ballot debate
This article analyses the debate among Everton supporters concerning their football club’s proposed move from Goodison Park to a location outside the City of Liverpool. The debate is used as a case study to assess the balance of forces among supporters regarding their accommodation or resistance to commodification. On the basis of evidence drawn from extensive analysis of Everton fan Internet forums, we conclude that any thesis concerning a gener…
Towards a Marxist political economy of football supporters
In recent studies of football supporters, a specifically Marxist understanding of commodification has been left out of the equation, producing analysis that tends to superimpose commodification and ignore the wider relations of production out of which the dialectical contradictions of commodification arise. This paper aims to demonstrate the practical import of a Marxist political economy of football support through a case study of Everton suppor…
Ambiguity, complexity and convergence: The Evolution of Liverpool's Irish football clubs
Previously, the impact of ethnicity on association football in Britain has been discussed in terms of its contribution to the cultural development of Scotland and Northern Ireland. By highlighting the history of football clubs formed by the Irish in a major English city, such as Liverpool, this article seeks to broaden the debate on this aspect of British football out of the ‘Celtic-centric’ parameters it has exclusively been discussed in. Primar…
Preserving and Extending the Commodification of Football Supporter Relations: A Cultural Economy of Supporters Direct
This paper examines the role of Supporters Direct, a sports policy initiative launched by the British Labour government in 2000. The objective of Supporters Direct is to democratise football clubs by intervening in what it views as the unequal relationship that exists between the relatively powerless supporters of football clubs and private shareholders who have organisational control of clubs. They hope to achieve this by facilitating mutual for…
Community Politics in Liverpool and the Governance of Professional Football in the Late Nineteenth Century
This article studies the political significance of the schism that occurred at Liverpool's single professional football club in 1892 and which led to the incorporation of two clubs, Everton FC and Liverpool FC. Significantly, the management and direction of professional football had become bound up with community politics and identity at a time of important change in municipal politics when the tories' ascendancy faced a Liberal challenge partly …
Class, Ethnicity and Civic Governance: A Social Profile of Football Club Directors on Merseyside in the Late-Nineteenth Century
By presenting a wide range of evidence relating to the social characteristics of directors of Merseyside's professional football clubs, an attempt is made in this article to locate the late-nineteenth-century professional football club within the prevailing power relations of the localities in which they were based. The primary objective of the study is to assess the extent to which professional football clubs were part of a network of civic orga…
Locality and professional football club development: The demographics of football club support in late victorian Liverpool
Historians of association football have traditionally relied on analysis of occupational information contained in club share registers and anecdotal evidence gathered, principally, from local press reports in order to construct a social profile of professional football club support in the game's formative period. By using the residential information included in the share registers of incorporated football clubs in conjunction with census returns,…
Football supporters and the commercialisation of football: Comparative responses across Europe
European football market finances appear to be in very good health and impervious to the current Euro-wide financial crises. Yet beneath the apparent financial buoyancy a different story emerges, one of fan exploitation, spiraling debt and the threat of bankruptcy hanging over many clubs. In this introduction to the special issue we chart what is effectively a political economy of debt underpinning the European football market and threatening to …
Introduction: Reflections on the context of ‘Left Wing’ fan cultures
At a time when institutional levers are being pulled to counter the twin threats of racism and rampant commercialism, traditional grassroots radicalism amongst football supporters committed to opposing these long-standing problems in European professional football are in danger of being overlooked. Football is a cultural form, which carries with it the possibility of promoting the voices of the disenfranchised and the marginalized, and as such th…
International Refugee Protection
A contextual analysis of Europe’s ultra football supporters movement
This study seeks to locate the defining features and preoccupations key to the European ultra football movement in the crisis of reformist politics in the wake of the victory of neo-liberalism on that continent. It is posited that the ultra approach to the colonization of commercial forces in the game and their response to social problems, in the shape of the rise of racist and fascist organization affecting football, positions the ultra movement…
Football stadium relocation and the commodification of football: The case of Everton supporters and their adoption of the language of commerce
To what extent have supporters surrendered to the view that football is just another business to be understood in terms of the power of money? This question is posed by looking at the recent debate between supporters of Everton Football Club concerning their club's proposed ground move from Goodison Park, Liverpool to Kirkby in the neighbouring Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside. What comes to the fore is the tension between fans mani…
Preserving and Extending the Commodification of Football Supporter Relations: A Cultural Economy of Supporters Direct
This paper examines the role of Supporters Direct, a sports policy initiative launched by the British Labour government in 2000. The objective of Supporters Direct is to democratise football clubs by intervening in what it views as the unequal relationship that exists between the relatively powerless supporters of football clubs and private shareholders who have organisational control of clubs. They hope to achieve this by facilitating mutual for…
Community Politics in Liverpool and the Governance of Professional Football in the Late Nineteenth Century
This article studies the political significance of the schism that occurred at Liverpool's single professional football club in 1892 and which led to the incorporation of two clubs, Everton FC and Liverpool FC. Significantly, the management and direction of professional football had become bound up with community politics and identity at a time of important change in municipal politics when the tories' ascendancy faced a Liberal challenge partly …
Class, Ethnicity and Civic Governance: A Social Profile of Football Club Directors on Merseyside in the Late-Nineteenth Century
By presenting a wide range of evidence relating to the social characteristics of directors of Merseyside's professional football clubs, an attempt is made in this article to locate the late-nineteenth-century professional football club within the prevailing power relations of the localities in which they were based. The primary objective of the study is to assess the extent to which professional football clubs were part of a network of civic orga…
English premier league football clubs during the covid-19 pandemic: Business as usual
Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest is reported by the authors. Notes 1. Kennedy and Kennedy, Football in Neo-Liberal Times. 2. Arsenal in the Community, “The Community Story.” 3. Wolves Foundation, “Welcome to the Wolverhampton Wanderers Foundation.” 4. CITC, “Our Community in Manchester.” 5. The Guardian, “Pay Cuts, Furlough or Deferrals: What are the Premier League Clubs Doing?” 6. Ibid. 7. https://www.glory-glory.co.uk/comm…
It’s the little details that make up our identity’: Everton supporters and their stadium ballot debate
This article analyses the debate among Everton supporters concerning their football club’s proposed move from Goodison Park to a location outside the City of Liverpool. The debate is used as a case study to assess the balance of forces among supporters regarding their accommodation or resistance to commodification. On the basis of evidence drawn from extensive analysis of Everton fan Internet forums, we conclude that any thesis concerning a gener…
Ambiguity, complexity and convergence: The Evolution of Liverpool's Irish football clubs
Previously, the impact of ethnicity on association football in Britain has been discussed in terms of its contribution to the cultural development of Scotland and Northern Ireland. By highlighting the history of football clubs formed by the Irish in a major English city, such as Liverpool, this article seeks to broaden the debate on this aspect of British football out of the ‘Celtic-centric’ parameters it has exclusively been discussed in. Primar…
Locality and professional football club development: The demographics of football club support in late victorian Liverpool
Historians of association football have traditionally relied on analysis of occupational information contained in club share registers and anecdotal evidence gathered, principally, from local press reports in order to construct a social profile of professional football club support in the game's formative period. By using the residential information included in the share registers of incorporated football clubs in conjunction with census returns,…
Red and blue and orange and green
People ‘dressed’ their houses to advertise Cup Final footballing allegiances, though my Mum would never allow my brother’s Evertonian blue to go up in case neighbours or passers-by mistakenly took us for Catholics. 1 1. Williams, Into the Red, 10. John Williams is a football sociologist. It was strange in the 1930s for a Catholic to support Liverpool. 2 2. Woods, Growin’ Up, 43. In Liverpool, even in the two-ups and two-downs, most Protestants we…
Towards a Marxist political economy of football supporters
In recent studies of football supporters, a specifically Marxist understanding of commodification has been left out of the equation, producing analysis that tends to superimpose commodification and ignore the wider relations of production out of which the dialectical contradictions of commodification arise. This paper aims to demonstrate the practical import of a Marxist political economy of football support through a case study of Everton suppor…
International Refugee Protection
The discussion about proposals to change the Western Culture program at Stanford University
The Split of Everton Football Club, 1892: The Creation of Distinct Patterns of Boardroom Formation at Everton and Liverpool Football Club Companies
(2003). The Split of Everton Football Club, 1892: The Creation of Distinct Patterns of Boardroom Formation at Everton and Liverpool Football Club Companies. Sport in History: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 1-26
Locality and professional football club development: The demographics of football club support in late victorian Liverpool
Historians of association football have traditionally relied on analysis of occupational information contained in club share registers and anecdotal evidence gathered, principally, from local press reports in order to construct a social profile of professional football club support in the game's formative period. By using the residential information included in the share registers of incorporated football clubs in conjunction with census returns,…
Class, Ethnicity and Civic Governance: A Social Profile of Football Club Directors on Merseyside in the Late-Nineteenth Century
By presenting a wide range of evidence relating to the social characteristics of directors of Merseyside's professional football clubs, an attempt is made in this article to locate the late-nineteenth-century professional football club within the prevailing power relations of the localities in which they were based. The primary objective of the study is to assess the extent to which professional football clubs were part of a network of civic orga…
Community Politics in Liverpool and the Governance of Professional Football in the Late Nineteenth Century
This article studies the political significance of the schism that occurred at Liverpool's single professional football club in 1892 and which led to the incorporation of two clubs, Everton FC and Liverpool FC. Significantly, the management and direction of professional football had become bound up with community politics and identity at a time of important change in municipal politics when the tories' ascendancy faced a Liberal challenge partly …
Ambiguity, complexity and convergence: The Evolution of Liverpool's Irish football clubs
Previously, the impact of ethnicity on association football in Britain has been discussed in terms of its contribution to the cultural development of Scotland and Northern Ireland. By highlighting the history of football clubs formed by the Irish in a major English city, such as Liverpool, this article seeks to broaden the debate on this aspect of British football out of the ‘Celtic-centric’ parameters it has exclusively been discussed in. Primar…
Preserving and Extending the Commodification of Football Supporter Relations: A Cultural Economy of Supporters Direct
This paper examines the role of Supporters Direct, a sports policy initiative launched by the British Labour government in 2000. The objective of Supporters Direct is to democratise football clubs by intervening in what it views as the unequal relationship that exists between the relatively powerless supporters of football clubs and private shareholders who have organisational control of clubs. They hope to achieve this by facilitating mutual for…
It’s the little details that make up our identity’: Everton supporters and their stadium ballot debate
This article analyses the debate among Everton supporters concerning their football club’s proposed move from Goodison Park to a location outside the City of Liverpool. The debate is used as a case study to assess the balance of forces among supporters regarding their accommodation or resistance to commodification. On the basis of evidence drawn from extensive analysis of Everton fan Internet forums, we conclude that any thesis concerning a gener…
Towards a Marxist political economy of football supporters
In recent studies of football supporters, a specifically Marxist understanding of commodification has been left out of the equation, producing analysis that tends to superimpose commodification and ignore the wider relations of production out of which the dialectical contradictions of commodification arise. This paper aims to demonstrate the practical import of a Marxist political economy of football support through a case study of Everton suppor…
The coup de grace against Houlding
The split in Everton Football Club in 1892 was a defining moment in the history of Merseyside football. Our knowledge of this event has been advanced by a handful of studies, which, though not concentrating specifically on the split, have helped to establish an orthodox view of the dynamics that lay behind it. 1 1. Keates, The History of the Everton Football Club; Young, Football on Merseyside; Day, ‘The Motivations of Some Football Club Director…
Houlding and the rise of factionalism
Born in Everton in 1832, John Houlding was an important figure in Liverpool politics and central to the foundation of professional football in the city. Houlding started out in life, however, from relatively humble beginnings. He helped his father in his occupation as a cow keeper (during Houlding’s childhood the district of Everton was semi-rural) before finding employment in a nearby brewery when his father’s stock was lost through cattle plagu…
Red and blue and orange and green
People ‘dressed’ their houses to advertise Cup Final footballing allegiances, though my Mum would never allow my brother’s Evertonian blue to go up in case neighbours or passers-by mistakenly took us for Catholics. 1 1. Williams, Into the Red, 10. John Williams is a football sociologist. It was strange in the 1930s for a Catholic to support Liverpool. 2 2. Woods, Growin’ Up, 43. In Liverpool, even in the two-ups and two-downs, most Protestants we…
Conclusion
Everton and Liverpool in the post-Houlding era
In a previous article a number of obvious organizational dissimilarities existing between Everton and Liverpool football clubs in the period prior to 1902 were uncovered. It was revealed that Liverpool in that early period of development was characterized by its small, exclusively selected share ownership base, its financial domination by individual shareholders who were also involved in the local drink industry, and a boardroom exhibiting clear …
The district of Everton
In his historical account Memorials of Liverpool (1871), Sir James A. Picton offers us an evocative account of the evolution of Everton. Picton describes how the movement of a wealthy Liverpool merchant class constructing luxurious mansions in the district first disturbed the rural environment of ‘barren sandstone ridge, with its waste of gorse and heather’. A relatively self-contained village community of fewer than 500 in 1801, with few strong …
Moonbeams and baying dogs: Football and Liverpool politics
To understand the extreme circumstances that brought about the split of the newly crowned English League title holders, it is important to recognize how events outside the club framed the dispute and intensified matters internally to breaking point. The club dispute occurred during a period when a bitter battle raged for political control of the north end of Liverpool. The early 1890s was a period of upheaval in municipal affairs marked by robust…
And then there were two: Everton and Liverpool football clubs, 1892–1902
It has been established that the split of Everton FC in 1892 involved a clash between factional forces with different visions concerning the correct model of football club governance. After the split, the creation of two limited companies, Everton Football Club Company Limited and Liverpool Football Club and Athletic Grounds Company Limited, allowed each faction the freedom to manoeuvre – to pursue their preferred strategy of organizational growt…
Football supporters and the commercialisation of football: Comparative responses across Europe
European football market finances appear to be in very good health and impervious to the current Euro-wide financial crises. Yet beneath the apparent financial buoyancy a different story emerges, one of fan exploitation, spiraling debt and the threat of bankruptcy hanging over many clubs. In this introduction to the special issue we chart what is effectively a political economy of debt underpinning the European football market and threatening to …
Football stadium relocation and the commodification of football: The case of Everton supporters and their adoption of the language of commerce
To what extent have supporters surrendered to the view that football is just another business to be understood in terms of the power of money? This question is posed by looking at the recent debate between supporters of Everton Football Club concerning their club's proposed ground move from Goodison Park, Liverpool to Kirkby in the neighbouring Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside. What comes to the fore is the tension between fans mani…
A contextual analysis of Europe’s ultra football supporters movement
This study seeks to locate the defining features and preoccupations key to the European ultra football movement in the crisis of reformist politics in the wake of the victory of neo-liberalism on that continent. It is posited that the ultra approach to the colonization of commercial forces in the game and their response to social problems, in the shape of the rise of racist and fascist organization affecting football, positions the ultra movement…
Introduction: Reflections on the context of ‘Left Wing’ fan cultures
At a time when institutional levers are being pulled to counter the twin threats of racism and rampant commercialism, traditional grassroots radicalism amongst football supporters committed to opposing these long-standing problems in European professional football are in danger of being overlooked. Football is a cultural form, which carries with it the possibility of promoting the voices of the disenfranchised and the marginalized, and as such th…
Football in Neo-Liberal Times: A Marxist perspective on the European football industry
This book offers an original Marxist critique of the European football business. It argues that the Marxist account of the difference between profits and surplus value is crucial to an understanding of the fluid and contradictory nature of the commodification of football. Section one analyses the nature of modern professional football and section two highlights attempts, via government agency and football clubs, to corral fans into ever greater i…
English premier league football clubs during the covid-19 pandemic: Business as usual
Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest is reported by the authors. Notes 1. Kennedy and Kennedy, Football in Neo-Liberal Times. 2. Arsenal in the Community, “The Community Story.” 3. Wolves Foundation, “Welcome to the Wolverhampton Wanderers Foundation.” 4. CITC, “Our Community in Manchester.” 5. The Guardian, “Pay Cuts, Furlough or Deferrals: What are the Premier League Clubs Doing?” 6. Ibid. 7. https://www.glory-glory.co.uk/comm…
The name game: The role of epithets in the maintenance of moral authority in football
This exploratory paper examines the potential value of working with the concept of ‘epithets’ in football. We discuss that their variability and their possible significance in illuminating ways would-be football connoisseurs are able to internalize an archive of footballing memories – some directly experienced, others reflect on second-hand. We conclude that epithets contain their own message about the past and prevailing social relationships in …
Political science (26 works) · Law (25 works) · Football (23 works) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (22 works) · Law (21 works) · Sociology (21 works) · Sports, Gender, and Society (20 works) · Politics (13 works) · Club (12 works) · History (11 works)