Edward F Harris
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 74913 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Edward F Harris |
| PRENOMES | Edward F |
| SOBRENOME | Harris |
| ASSINATURA | HARRIS E F |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Tennessee Health Science Center |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 347 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1961 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Melvin L. Moss (1923-2006)
Quantification of Dental Occlusal Variation
Occlusion—how the teeth fit togetherwithin and between the arches—has important consequencesfunctionally and especially esthetically. Occlusalvariation is considerable in modern westernized societies,but the occurrence and extent of the variationappear to be lower in the past and lower in non-westernizedgroups. This methodological paper describesseveral commonly-used variables that, collectively,characterize occlusal variation. Methods are descri…
Commentary
American Black-White Differences in Primary Tooth Crown Shape
The purpose of this tooth-size study was to compare the crown index—the ratio of buccolingal to mesiodistal crown size—in the primary teeth of contemporary American blacks and whites. Maximum MD and BL drown dimensions were obtained with sliding calipers from dental casts of children attending the graduate pedodontic and orthodontic clinics at the University of Tennessee, Memphis (n = 226). The crown index (BL/MD times 100) was calculated for all…
Tooth Mineralization
One of the largest, longitudinal studies of tooth mineralization is that described by Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt (J Dent Res, 1963) based on children growing up in Boston, Massachusetts, and Yellow Springs, Ohio. This short communication provides tables of the means and standard deviations, by sex, in order to make the data more accessible and usable than the graphic form of the information in the original article. Characteristics of the study an…
Discriminatory Effectiveness of Crown Indexes—Tests Between American Blacks and Whites
Tooth crown shapes differ among human groups because the sizes and shapes of the constituent crown components differ. It was of interest to us whether there is patterned variation in crown indexes between sexes or among ethnic groups. The crown index—buccolingual width as a function of mesiodistal length—was analyzed here in terms of sex and race differences in a cohort of American black and white adolescents (n = 324) from the U.S. Mid-South. Th…
Commentary
Dr. Stefan’s interesting description of two archeologicalcases with severely malposed premolars (DentalAnthropology 2006;19(3):70-73) prompted me to reviewtwo comparable cases I have encountered. I presentthese here in hopes that their description will stimulatediscussion from the readership
Where’s the Variation? Variance Components in Tooth Sizes of the Permanent Dentition
Studies have shown that there are only a few canonical axes of tooth size variation in the permanent dentition. Despite the numerous measurements that might be taken (e.g., crown length and breadth of 32 teeth = 64 variables), most of the canonical structure is explained by 3 or 4 overarching axes of variation. This study used maximum likelihood components of variance analysis to determine where the major sources of statistical variation are amon…
Tooth-Coding Systems in the Clinical Dental Setting
Clinical dentists have developed a variety of tooth-coding systems for efficiently recording a patient’s dental status. The coding systems may not be self-evident to dental anthropologists lacking dental training. The purpose of this note is to review the tooth designation systems currently in common use. The nature of the charting systems and brief historical origins of three systems are reviewed, namely (1) the Zsigmondy-Palmer system that is b…
Congenital Absence of Permanent Canines
Congenital absence of permanent caninesis a rare event, especially when syndromic cases areexcluded. Our data suggest a population frequency ofroughly 1 per 1,000 people. This report describes twocontemporary cases with radiographically-confirmedbilateral absence of the maxillary canines. One is a caseof simple hypodontia, where only the upper caninesfailed to develop (though the lateral incisors are undersize).The other case exhibits the additio…
Dental Age
The extent of tooth mineralization affords apractical method for assessing an individual’s biologicalage. Dental age is useful for evaluating a child’sgrowth status, and for assessing the ages of subjects inanthropological, forensic, and medicolegal settings.Historically, some data have been collected from serialstudies (e.g., Stuart’s Harvard Study, and the BurlingtonStudy) while most studies are cross-sectional, where eachchild is examined just…
Case Report
The mandible develops prenatally as left and right halves (hemimandibles) that meet at a suture in the anterior midline. This suture normally is obliterated in the first year of life. We describe a 4-year-old girl in whom (A) this suture (symphysis menti) is only partially fused, (B) the primary lower left central incisor is congenitally absent (and also its permanent successor), and (C) there is pronounced ankyloglossia. These midline problems s…
Maxillary Second Premolars with Paramolar Tubercles
Patterns of Hypodontia among Third Molars in Contemporary American Adolescents
Third molars (M3s) are congenitally absent (hypodontic) more frequently than any other tooth type. Causes of this enhanced variability are poorly understood, but the potential range of absence—from none through four M3s per person—provides the opportunity to examine the permutations of missing M3s within and among ethnic groups. Teenage samples of two overlapping populations (1,100 American whites; 600 American blacks) were studied here, with rad…
Oral Tori in the Ticuna Indians, Colombia
The Relative Sexual Dimorphism of Human Incisor Crown and Root Dimensions
Teeth are unusual structures in that theirdimensions are sexually dimorphic even though theyform early in life, several years before steroid-mediatedadolescence. These size differences make teeth attractiveas indicators of a specimen’s sex. Alternatively, themagnitude of sexual dimorphism in humans is low, sothere is considerable overlap in sizes between the twosexes. Prior studies suggest that tooth root dimensionsare more dimorphic than crown d…
A Strategy for Comparing Odontometrics among Groups
Absence of Association between Body Size and Deciduous Tooth Size in American Black Children
Weak positive associations between tooth size and body size have been documented for the permanent dentition. Presumably, if the deciduous dentition were under the same genetic controls as the permanent, there would also be a discernable association for the deciduous teeth in young children. The deciduous dentition of 133 modern American Black children was examined to determine the correlations between body size and tooth size. The results, based…
Primary Tooth Mineralization and Exfoliation Ages Calculated from the Moorrees-Fanning-Hunt Study
Staging of the formation of teeth and shedding of the primary teeth are particularly useful for age estimation of archaeological and forensic specimens, as well as for gauging whether a child’s tempo of maturation is progressing within normal limits. Staging can be done using radiographs or with direct inspection of dental remains. Standards for the primary dentition are scarce, but obviously needed for young children. This note provides tables, …
Calculation of Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence for Intergroup Comparisons Using Nonmetric Data
The Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) is a formula that converts a battery of trait frequencies into a numerical value such that the more dissimilar two samples are, the greater the value. This measure of phenetic distance was developed by the statistician Cedric A. B. Smith and has become popular among dental anthropologists and osteologists for estimating the dissimilarity among groups in order to help reconstruct populations’ movements and stru…
A Study of Cusp Base Areas in the Maxillary Permanent Molars of American Whites
The focus of this descriptive study was toexplore the patterns of variation of base crown areas forthe four major cusps on the maxillary first and secondpermanent molars in a cohort of contemporary NorthAmerican whites of western European descent. Acomputer-assisted photogrammetric method was usedto measure two-dimensional areas of the cusps. Rankingof mean cusp size was the same for M1 and M2, namelyprotocone > paracone > metacone > hypocone. In…
A Longitudinal Study of Continued Tooth Eruption During Adulthood
Teeth retain their capacity to continue toerupt throughout life. What is less-well appreciated isthat occlusal migration—with corresponding alveolarproliferation—continues as a normal process duringadulthood. Historically, this continuous eruption hasbeen viewed as accommodative for the loss of crownheight due to serious occlusal abrasion. Nowadays,with only trivial wear, the result of continuous eruptionis to increase lower face height during ad…
Mineralization of the mandibular third molar
The tempo of tooth mineralization is under significant genetic control, and the orderly progression of morphological changes—in concert with the long span during growth in which teeth form—makes “dental age” a useful measure of a person's degree of biological maturity. The third molar is of particular interest because (1) it is the last and most variable tooth to form and (2) it is the only tooth to complete formation after puberty, which has mad…
Carabelli's trait and tooth size of human maxillary first molars
Carabelli's trait is a morphological feature that can occur on the protocone of human maxillary molars. This study tests the hypothesis that Carabelli's trait is correlated statistically with the dimensions of the crown's four principal cusps or whether, as a cingular feature, the trait truly accretes onto an otherwise unaffected crown. Computer‐assisted image analysis was used to measure the 6 intercusp distances and 12 angular relationships amo…
Intercusp relationships of the permanent maxillary first and second molars in American whites
Much of a human molar's morphology is concentrated on its occlusal surface. In view of embryologists' recent attention on the determination of crown morphology by enamel knots that initiate cusp formation, we were interested in the arrangement of cusp apices in the definitive tooth. Computer-assisted image analysis was used to measure intercusp distances and angles on permanent maxillary M1 and M2 in a sample of 160 contemporary North American wh…
Calculation of Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence for Intergroup Comparisons Using Nonmetric Data
The Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) is a formula that converts a battery of trait frequencies into a numerical value such that the more dissimilar two samples are, the greater the value. This measure of phenetic distance was developed by the statistician Cedric A. B. Smith and has become popular among dental anthropologists and osteologists for estimating the dissimilarity among groups in order to help reconstruct populations’ movements and stru…
Australian Tooth-Size Clines and the Death of a Stereotype [and Comments and Reply]
Tooth size in Australia ran from a minimum in the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland to a maximum in the Murray Basin. The available data suggest that the earliest Australians possessed large jaws and teeth and that subsequently genes for smaller tooth size entered Australia from the northeast corner a model which is consistent with the evidence for the spread of a variety of cultural and technological items. While the evidence is tentati…
Oceanic Tooth-Size Variation as a Reflection of Biological and Cultural Mixing [and Comments and Reply]
Tooth size in Oceania varies from a minimum equivalent to the figure for the pre-Chinese inhabitants of Taiwan to a maximum equivalent to the figure for large-toothed Australian Aborigines. The minimum figure is found among the easternmost and weternmost inhabitants, and the maximum figure occurs in the highlands of New Guinea. Elsewhere, intermediate figures are evident, and it is apparent that the populations in which they can be observed displ…
Dental asymmetry as a measure of environmental stress in the Ticuna Indians of Colombia
The magnitude of fluctuating dental asymmetry is reported for a marginally Westernized, horticultural Indian group, the Ticuna of the Region Amazonas, Colombia. Asymmetry is lower than in other Amerindian and Eskimo groups reported to date, which accords with the adequacy and reliability of traditional food sources and complements the claim that protein intake is at or above minimum requirements. Partitioning the variation by sex, arcade, dimensi…
The metaconule
Incidence and size variability of the metaconule, an accessory maxillary molar cusp, is analyzed in a series of 1,217 living Melanesians. The range of morphologic variation is quantified on a six‐grade ordinal scale developed to standardize observations. Total incidence of the metaconule decreases along a mesial‐to‐distal gradient, while mean size and size variability increase from M1 to M3. So, while the trait is less common on distal molars, it…
A principal components analysis of human odontometrics
It has long been recognized that tooth crown diameters in hominoids are all positively intercorrelated one with another. This study reports on sex‐specific correlation matrices derived from 2,650 individuals from the Solomon Islands, Melanesia. Mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of all permanent teeth from one side are used, excluding third molars. Analysis discloses significant sex dimorphism in the strengths of the intercorrelations, with f…
Tooth Mineralization
One of the largest, longitudinal studies of tooth mineralization is that described by Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt (J Dent Res, 1963) based on children growing up in Boston, Massachusetts, and Yellow Springs, Ohio. This short communication provides tables of the means and standard deviations, by sex, in order to make the data more accessible and usable than the graphic form of the information in the original article. Characteristics of the study an…
Tissue contributions to sex and race
This study describes size of constituent deciduous tooth crown components (enamel, dentine, and pulp) to address the manner in which males characteristically have larger teeth than females, and the observation that teeth of American blacks are larger than those of American whites. Measurements were collected (n = 333 individuals) from bitewing radiographs using computer‐aided image analysis. Tissue thicknesses (enamel, dentine, pulp) were measure…
Mesiodistal tooth crown dimensions of the primary dentition
This analysis reports on a spatial‐temporal survey of published studies of primary tooth crown dimensions in humans (80 samples). Mesiodistal data are analyzed for the 10 tooth crown dimensions. The purpose was to evaluate the numerous case reports (descriptive analyses of single samples) in the literature in order to assess patterning of variation 1) in tooth size, 2) among tooth types, 3) across sexes, 4) with space (historical affinity), and 5…
Complex segregation analysis of Carabelli's trait in a melanesian population
A complex segregation analysis was performed on Carabelli's trait on the upper first molar utilizing 358 nuclear families from the Solomon Islands of Bougainville and Malaita. Simultaneous estiamtion of three sources of variation by the method of maximum likelihood demonstrates a significant effect of shared sibling environment which accounts for over 19% of the variance in liability for the trait. In addition, a statistically significant major g…
Mineralization of the mandibular third molar
The tempo of tooth mineralization is under significant genetic control, and the orderly progression of morphological changes—in concert with the long span during growth in which teeth form—makes “dental age” a useful measure of a person's degree of biological maturity. The third molar is of particular interest because (1) it is the last and most variable tooth to form and (2) it is the only tooth to complete formation after puberty, which has mad…
Intercusp relationships of the permanent maxillary first and second molars in American whites
Much of a human molar's morphology is concentrated on its occlusal surface. In view of embryologists' recent attention on the determination of crown morphology by enamel knots that initiate cusp formation, we were interested in the arrangement of cusp apices in the definitive tooth. Computer-assisted image analysis was used to measure intercusp distances and angles on permanent maxillary M1 and M2 in a sample of 160 contemporary North American wh…
Tooth size of Ticuna Indians, Colombia, with phenetic comparisons to other Amerindian
This study reports on odontometric analyses of unadmixed, adult Ticuna Indians, Colombia, South America. This group is characterized by crown diameters intermediate in size relative to the known Amerindian range and, in turn, to the range in modern man. Sex dimorphism is absent in Ticuna tooth size; there is a strong retention of the M1 > M2 size sequence. The Ticuna are compared multivariately to other Indian groups reported in the literature, u…
Sex differences in lingual marginal ridging on the human maxillary central incisor
Although incisor dimensions are on average larger in males, at least one incisor trait, lingual marginal ridging, is significantly more common in females. This is documented for the upper central incisor in a collation of 38 samples of living populations representing six racial groups. Caucasian, Asian, Polynesian, Melanesian, and American Indian females each possess significantly higher frequencies than their male counterparts. American Blacks d…
Carabelli's trait and tooth size of human maxillary first molars
Carabelli's trait is a morphological feature that can occur on the protocone of human maxillary molars. This study tests the hypothesis that Carabelli's trait is correlated statistically with the dimensions of the crown's four principal cusps or whether, as a cingular feature, the trait truly accretes onto an otherwise unaffected crown. Computer‐assisted image analysis was used to measure the 6 intercusp distances and 12 angular relationships amo…
Secular trend in tooth size in urban Chinese assessed from two‐generation family data
Environmental improvements can lead to greater size of skeletodental structures as the population comes closer to expressing its genetic growth potential. Such secular trends have been documented in many human settings, especially for increased stature and faster tempos of growth. The present study is based on 185 same‐sex parent‐offspring pairs of data for maximum buccolingual crown diameters of the permanent teeth from a cohort in Beijing, Chin…
Metacarpophalangeal length changes in humans during adulthood
Total lengths of the 19 diaphyseal hand bones were measured from standardized radiographs of healthy American whites as young adults (ca. 21 years) and again at ca. 55 years of age. The four hand‐bone rows exhibit distinctive length changes: Distal and middle phalanges continue to increase significantly in length, proximal phalanges constitute a transition zone of little change, and metacarpals uniformly decrease in length. Clear‐cut sex differen…
A Strategy for Comparing Odontometrics among Groups
Absence of Association between Body Size and Deciduous Tooth Size in American Black Children
Weak positive associations between tooth size and body size have been documented for the permanent dentition. Presumably, if the deciduous dentition were under the same genetic controls as the permanent, there would also be a discernable association for the deciduous teeth in young children. The deciduous dentition of 133 modern American Black children was examined to determine the correlations between body size and tooth size. The results, based…
Small tooth sizes in a nineteenth century South Carolina plantation slave series
Sub‐Saharan African (and derived) populations typically exhibit larger mean tooth crown diameters than whites in spite of considerable population variability. We report on a 19th century series of American black slaves from a single cemetery near Charleston, South Carolina, that possessed notably smaller crown sizes. Analysis identifies a characteristic set of differences compared to caucasians, including retention of large maxillary lateral inci…
Where’s the Variation? Variance Components in Tooth Sizes of the Permanent Dentition
Studies have shown that there are only a few canonical axes of tooth size variation in the permanent dentition. Despite the numerous measurements that might be taken (e.g., crown length and breadth of 32 teeth = 64 variables), most of the canonical structure is explained by 3 or 4 overarching axes of variation. This study used maximum likelihood components of variance analysis to determine where the major sources of statistical variation are amon…
On Tooth Size and Oceanic Prehistory
Commentary
Tooth-Coding Systems in the Clinical Dental Setting
Clinical dentists have developed a variety of tooth-coding systems for efficiently recording a patient’s dental status. The coding systems may not be self-evident to dental anthropologists lacking dental training. The purpose of this note is to review the tooth designation systems currently in common use. The nature of the charting systems and brief historical origins of three systems are reviewed, namely (1) the Zsigmondy-Palmer system that is b…
Discriminatory Effectiveness of Crown Indexes—Tests Between American Blacks and Whites
Tooth crown shapes differ among human groups because the sizes and shapes of the constituent crown components differ. It was of interest to us whether there is patterned variation in crown indexes between sexes or among ethnic groups. The crown index—buccolingual width as a function of mesiodistal length—was analyzed here in terms of sex and race differences in a cohort of American black and white adolescents (n = 324) from the U.S. Mid-South. Th…
Four pieces of Roman glazed ware
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Predicting adult stature
Three methods of predicting a child's adult height are in common use: Bayley and Pinneau (1952), Tanner et al. (1975) and Roche et al. (1975). The relative accuracies of these methods have been assessed using growth records (22 male, 24 female) from the Child Research Council, Denver, Colorado. A series of six ages from five years to mid-adolescence was examined. Testing all methods and ages within each sex with a multivariate design yielded sign…
Anthropologic Relationships among Prehistoric Northeastern Amerindians
Archaeologically defined inter-group differences in the Northeast subarea ate assessed with a phenetic analysis of published craniometric information. Spatial distinctions in the material culture are in good agreement with those defined by the cranial metrics. The fundamental dichotomy, between the Ontario Iroquois and the eastern grouping of New York and New England, suggests a long-term dissociation between these two groups relative to their ec…
Sex differences in lingual marginal ridging on the human maxillary central incisor
Although incisor dimensions are on average larger in males, at least one incisor trait, lingual marginal ridging, is significantly more common in females. This is documented for the upper central incisor in a collation of 38 samples of living populations representing six racial groups. Caucasian, Asian, Polynesian, Melanesian, and American Indian females each possess significantly higher frequencies than their male counterparts. American Blacks d…
The metaconule
Incidence and size variability of the metaconule, an accessory maxillary molar cusp, is analyzed in a series of 1,217 living Melanesians. The range of morphologic variation is quantified on a six‐grade ordinal scale developed to standardize observations. Total incidence of the metaconule decreases along a mesial‐to‐distal gradient, while mean size and size variability increase from M1 to M3. So, while the trait is less common on distal molars, it…
Complex segregation analysis of Carabelli's trait in a melanesian population
A complex segregation analysis was performed on Carabelli's trait on the upper first molar utilizing 358 nuclear families from the Solomon Islands of Bougainville and Malaita. Simultaneous estiamtion of three sources of variation by the method of maximum likelihood demonstrates a significant effect of shared sibling environment which accounts for over 19% of the variance in liability for the trait. In addition, a statistically significant major g…
Tooth size of Ticuna Indians, Colombia, with phenetic comparisons to other Amerindian
This study reports on odontometric analyses of unadmixed, adult Ticuna Indians, Colombia, South America. This group is characterized by crown diameters intermediate in size relative to the known Amerindian range and, in turn, to the range in modern man. Sex dimorphism is absent in Ticuna tooth size; there is a strong retention of the M1 > M2 size sequence. The Ticuna are compared multivariately to other Indian groups reported in the literature, u…
Australian Tooth-Size Clines and the Death of a Stereotype [and Comments and Reply]
Tooth size in Australia ran from a minimum in the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland to a maximum in the Murray Basin. The available data suggest that the earliest Australians possessed large jaws and teeth and that subsequently genes for smaller tooth size entered Australia from the northeast corner a model which is consistent with the evidence for the spread of a variety of cultural and technological items. While the evidence is tentati…
Dental asymmetry as a measure of environmental stress in the Ticuna Indians of Colombia
The magnitude of fluctuating dental asymmetry is reported for a marginally Westernized, horticultural Indian group, the Ticuna of the Region Amazonas, Colombia. Asymmetry is lower than in other Amerindian and Eskimo groups reported to date, which accords with the adequacy and reliability of traditional food sources and complements the claim that protein intake is at or above minimum requirements. Partitioning the variation by sex, arcade, dimensi…
Oceanic Tooth-Size Variation as a Reflection of Biological and Cultural Mixing [and Comments and Reply]
Tooth size in Oceania varies from a minimum equivalent to the figure for the pre-Chinese inhabitants of Taiwan to a maximum equivalent to the figure for large-toothed Australian Aborigines. The minimum figure is found among the easternmost and weternmost inhabitants, and the maximum figure occurs in the highlands of New Guinea. Elsewhere, intermediate figures are evident, and it is apparent that the populations in which they can be observed displ…
On Tooth Size and Oceanic Prehistory
Normal length changes in hand bones during adulthood
A longitudinal analysis was made of total length changes of the four epiphyseal bones of ray two, the index finger, during adulthood. Matched pairs of standardized hand-wrist radiographs on 37 individuals between earlier (means = 22 years) and later (means = 54 years) adult age-grades show that the distal and middle phalanges continue to increase in overall length; the proximal phalange exhibits no change; and the metacarpal significantly decreas…
A principal components analysis of human odontometrics
It has long been recognized that tooth crown diameters in hominoids are all positively intercorrelated one with another. This study reports on sex‐specific correlation matrices derived from 2,650 individuals from the Solomon Islands, Melanesia. Mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of all permanent teeth from one side are used, excluding third molars. Analysis discloses significant sex dimorphism in the strengths of the intercorrelations, with f…
Small tooth sizes in a nineteenth century South Carolina plantation slave series
Sub‐Saharan African (and derived) populations typically exhibit larger mean tooth crown diameters than whites in spite of considerable population variability. We report on a 19th century series of American black slaves from a single cemetery near Charleston, South Carolina, that possessed notably smaller crown sizes. Analysis identifies a characteristic set of differences compared to caucasians, including retention of large maxillary lateral inci…
Age‐Progressive Changes in Pulp Widths and Root Lengths During Adulthood
The intertwined effects of normal aging processes and time‐progressive diseases produce systematic changes in many oral and dental tissues. This cross‐sectional study of pulp dimensions and root lengths in sound teeth tested for changes with age in adulthood while controlling for differences in gender and race (black, white). Age was the paramount determinant of pulp size which decreases via the accumulation of secondary dentin. In some instances…
Metacarpophalangeal length changes in humans during adulthood
Total lengths of the 19 diaphyseal hand bones were measured from standardized radiographs of healthy American whites as young adults (ca. 21 years) and again at ca. 55 years of age. The four hand‐bone rows exhibit distinctive length changes: Distal and middle phalanges continue to increase significantly in length, proximal phalanges constitute a transition zone of little change, and metacarpals uniformly decrease in length. Clear‐cut sex differen…
Tissue contributions to sex and race
This study describes size of constituent deciduous tooth crown components (enamel, dentine, and pulp) to address the manner in which males characteristically have larger teeth than females, and the observation that teeth of American blacks are larger than those of American whites. Measurements were collected (n = 333 individuals) from bitewing radiographs using computer‐aided image analysis. Tissue thicknesses (enamel, dentine, pulp) were measure…
Secular trend in tooth size in urban Chinese assessed from two‐generation family data
Environmental improvements can lead to greater size of skeletodental structures as the population comes closer to expressing its genetic growth potential. Such secular trends have been documented in many human settings, especially for increased stature and faster tempos of growth. The present study is based on 185 same‐sex parent‐offspring pairs of data for maximum buccolingual crown diameters of the permanent teeth from a cohort in Beijing, Chin…
The Physical Anthropologist as Craniofacial Biologist
Growth—the progressive change in size and complexity of a person as he moves toward maturity—is often viewed as anatomy's "fourth dimension." It is the "dimension" that provides change: change in size, in proportionality, in morphology, in spatial relationships of structures, in complexity, as well as profound changes in the child's psychological and behavioral framework. As we all appreciate, an adult is not just a very large infant; instead, di…
Mesiodistal tooth crown dimensions of the primary dentition
This analysis reports on a spatial‐temporal survey of published studies of primary tooth crown dimensions in humans (80 samples). Mesiodistal data are analyzed for the 10 tooth crown dimensions. The purpose was to evaluate the numerous case reports (descriptive analyses of single samples) in the literature in order to assess patterning of variation 1) in tooth size, 2) among tooth types, 3) across sexes, 4) with space (historical affinity), and 5…
Intercusp relationships of the permanent maxillary first and second molars in American whites
Much of a human molar's morphology is concentrated on its occlusal surface. In view of embryologists' recent attention on the determination of crown morphology by enamel knots that initiate cusp formation, we were interested in the arrangement of cusp apices in the definitive tooth. Computer-assisted image analysis was used to measure intercusp distances and angles on permanent maxillary M1 and M2 in a sample of 160 contemporary North American wh…
Mineralization of the mandibular third molar
The tempo of tooth mineralization is under significant genetic control, and the orderly progression of morphological changes—in concert with the long span during growth in which teeth form—makes “dental age” a useful measure of a person's degree of biological maturity. The third molar is of particular interest because (1) it is the last and most variable tooth to form and (2) it is the only tooth to complete formation after puberty, which has mad…
Carabelli's trait and tooth size of human maxillary first molars
Carabelli's trait is a morphological feature that can occur on the protocone of human maxillary molars. This study tests the hypothesis that Carabelli's trait is correlated statistically with the dimensions of the crown's four principal cusps or whether, as a cingular feature, the trait truly accretes onto an otherwise unaffected crown. Computer‐assisted image analysis was used to measure the 6 intercusp distances and 12 angular relationships amo…
Melvin L. Moss (1923-2006)
Quantification of Dental Occlusal Variation
Occlusion—how the teeth fit togetherwithin and between the arches—has important consequencesfunctionally and especially esthetically. Occlusalvariation is considerable in modern westernized societies,but the occurrence and extent of the variationappear to be lower in the past and lower in non-westernizedgroups. This methodological paper describesseveral commonly-used variables that, collectively,characterize occlusal variation. Methods are descri…
Medicine (30 obras) · Biology (24 obras) · dental development and anomalies (24 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (24 obras) · Dentistry (23 obras) · Orthodontics (20 obras) · Demography (16 obras) · Molar (13 obras) · Mathematics (11 obras) · Geography (9 obras)