Eino Jutikkala
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 750411 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Eino Jutikkala |
| NOMBRES | Eino |
| APELLIDO | Jutikkala |
| FIRMA | JUTIKKALA E |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Helsinki |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 29 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 3 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1953 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1993 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Frost or microbes
One of the key questions in historical demography is whether the population catastrophes of the pre-industrial era Europe were primarily caused by hunger or by epidemics, that is, on the final count, by frost, drought or floods, or by microbes spreading diseases. The solution to this problem is rendered more difficult by the fact that the causes of death were not recorded and that even the most skilful doctor would have been unable to make such r…
Tenancy, freehold and enclosure in Finland from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century
Finland, Daughter of the Sea
When a scholar from a large country sets out to study the problems of a small one there is often some kind of emotional attachment to explain the interest, whether it be ties of family or friendship or something more obscure. But commonly too there are quite reasonable grounds for undertaking the study, albeit less flattering to the small country: the country might provide a convenient case study for an enquiry into some more general phenomenon, …
Finnish mortality in the eighteenth century
My objective is not to defend my own interpretations offered in 1939 and 1945, but rather to continue the discussion begun by Kari Pitkänen in SEHR (1977:2)
Vanha maataloutemme
Large scale farming in Scandinavia in the seventeenth century
In the past, text books have made a false distinction between the former agrarian structure of Denmark on the one hand and of the remaining Scandinavian countries on the other. The proper dividing line should intersect the kingdom of Sweden, since farmers in Norrland and Finland were peasant-proprietors at the opening of the modern age while elsewhere in Scandinavia they were generally tenants. Much of the land not owned by peasants belonged to t…
Current research in economic history in Scandinavia historical demography
The growing interest in population studies manifested in a number of European countries over the past twenty years has not left the Scandinavian, countries untouched, as will be apparent from the following brief survey of the current state of research in this field
The structure of mortality during catastrophic years in a pre-industrial society
The aim of the study is to examine the way in which the pattern of mortality in a pre-industrial society differed in catastrophic years from that in 'normal' years. Five Finnish parishes with a total population of 21,000 in 1850 were examined. The deaths were classified by season, age and cause. The results support the theory that epidemics not directly connected with starvation were the main causes of mortality peaks
The problem of railway ownership in 19th century Finland
Dr. Oredsson's extremely able and original doctoral dissertation! is concerned primarily with the issue of state versus private railway policy in certain countries. So far as Finland is concerned, he confines himself to strategic considerations, dismissing the subject of ownership with the statement: ‘All railways of major importance were built by the State’ (p. 23). The impression gained by the reader is that from the outset State ownership was …
Town planning in Sweden and Finland until the middle of the nineteenth century
No one travelling through the towns of western Europe with his eyes open can fail to notice that the grid-plan, or even more complicated but regular geometric town plan, dominates the centres of Swedish and even more of Finnish towns, whereas these patterns are rare elsewhere. This town planning idea which prevailed from the Renaissance to the middle of the nineteenth century, and which was also not unknown in the Middle Ages, was implemented chi…
Geographical mobility of population in pre-industrial times
Since 1821, the starting-point for Rosenberg's study, more or less complete series of information about migrants have been preserved in the parishes of the county of Uusimaa (Nyland), in the form of lists of persons moving out of or into the parish or change-of-domicile certificates filed by the migrants in the registry office of the parish to which they moved. It ends at roughly the time when publication of official migration statistics began in…
A study of commercial relations in eighteenth century Finland
There has been a noticeable trend in recent research towards the use of private archives in the study of the commercial behaviour of and relations between individual businesses. Previously only public records have tended to be used, and attention has been focused on one aspect of an economy as a whole, or of a region, or a single important town. Even if, for example, the names of importers or exporters have been entered in customs records, offici…
Etela-Pohjanmaan valtamerentakainen siirtolaisuus 1867-1930. [Overseas Emigration from South Ostrobothnia, 1867-1930]
Suomen kreivi- ja vapaaherrakunnat, I-II [Earldoms and Baronies in Finland]
Myyntia varten harjoitettu kotiteollisuus Suomessa autonomian ajan alkupuolella [Finnish Domestic Textile Industry Producing for the Market in the Early Part of the Period of Autonomy (1809-c. 1865)]
Concentration of Finnish emigration in South-Ostrobothnia
When the discussion of emigration from Finland began in the literature at the tum of the century the attitude adopted was unscientific, and often moralising. Emigration was attributed to individual frictions such as domestic feuds, or to traits of character like a love of adventure or love of freedom. A decisive step forward was the article published in 1907 by the economist O. K. Kilpi, ‘Siirtolaisuuden keskittyminen Vaasan ja Oulun lääneihin’ […
Origin and rise of the crofter problem in Finland
Crofters (Swedish torpare, Finnish torppari) are in Finland and Sweden the peasants whose principal means of subsistence derived from the cultivation of some small part, held in tenancy, of an estate. The crofter paid the bulk of his rent by putting in so many days work on the parent farm
Finnish agricultural labour in the eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries
In the eighteenth century, when agricultural techniques were primitive and agricultural produce was processed at home in a wide variety of ways, additional labour was required to help the farmer and his wife even on farms which produced little for sale. The extent to which hired labour was needed naturally depended on whether there were sons, daughters or other members of the family of working age living on the farm. The 1723 Servants Statute—whi…
The Great Finnish Famine in 1696-97
The borderland
Two different theories of urban ecology have given rise to two contending sociological schools. One of them, the Chicago school, has a background of classical economics and Darwinistic biology. According to it, the value of land determines the social structure of the different parts of the town and this structure changes with land values. The areas can be described as zones contained within a circle drawn with the ‘city’ as the centre point. In o…
History of Finland's rural trade and tradesmen
During the ascendancy of mercantilism, from the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 19th century, trade in the Finnish countryside was pursued only by city burghers who travelled round on business or attended the fairs held in certain places at definite dates, and by pedlars. Among the latter were the famous Russo-Karelians, immortalised by J. L. Runeberg in his poetical work Elgskyttarne. Resident merchants were not permitted in the rural…
Can the population of Finland in the 17th century be calculated
The most thorough attempt so far made to estimate the population of Finland in the 17th century is that by the Swedish military historian, Major S. Sundquist. The purpose of his investigation was to discover the basis of enlistment in the army of the kingdom of Sweden under Gustavus II Adolphus. Sundquist obtained the number of farmsteads from the Crown terriers of the first decade of the 17th century and from lists drawn up in connexion with a l…
The decline and fall of an industry
Economic history abounds in research concerned with the growth of flourishing trades and with the factors causing their rise or prosperity. Declining trades and dying occupations have not received the same attention. Trades which are declining are, however, just as important as those which are prospering for the understanding of the processes of economic development
Serfdom in esthonia during the period of Swedish rule
The great finnish famine in 1696–97
If the catastrophes of history were to be measured by the proportionate losses in population that they cause the suffering nation, then the disaster of the 1696–97 famine in Finland must be accounted one of the most dreadful in the history of Europe. The Black Death, according to recent calculations, carried off one-fifth of the population of England. Its ravages on the continent are estimated to have been proportionately greater1 but even so, it…
The structure of mortality during catastrophic years in a pre-industrial society
The aim of the study is to examine the way in which the pattern of mortality in a pre-industrial society differed in catastrophic years from that in 'normal' years. Five Finnish parishes with a total population of 21,000 in 1850 were examined. The deaths were classified by season, age and cause. The results support the theory that epidemics not directly connected with starvation were the main causes of mortality peaks
Tenancy, freehold and enclosure in Finland from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century
Internal migration and industrialization in Finland, 1878–1939
For the economic historian the statistics of population are quite as important as those of trade. To understand the economic development of a country it is necessary to have some knowledge I: 0 of the distribution of population at different periods, 2:0 of what changes have been effected by migration, and also 3 : 0 of the forces influencing migration. The analysis of these forces helps, moreover, to illuminate the nature of man's economic behavi…
The distribution of wealth in Finland in 1800
In the year 1800 a capital levy was imposed by the Swedish Riksdag (Parliament), and in connection with this levy a property valuation was made which affords a unique cross-section of the distribution of property among the different districts, occupational sections, and families in Finland and Sweden
Iron ores and iron works in Finland, 1809–1884
After more than forty years work, Prof. Laine has finally completed his study of the Finnish Iron and Copper Industries 1809–1884. His 2000-page account is extremely detailed. Vol. I aims at providing a synthesis of all the separate aspects of development. Vol. II contains monographs on all the iron and copper works, Vol. III on all the mines, bloomeries and metal factories. Thus, these. two volumes, apart from their independent value for local h…
Crisis in finnish agriculture at the end of the nineteenth century
The arrival of cheap American wheat in the European market the 1870's brought down the prices of agricultural produce, in particular those of grain. The resulting agricultural depression led in turn to the adoption in most countries of protectionist policies. In Scandinavia, however, only Sweden resorted to protection; Denmark, Norway and Finland adhering to free trade. Denmark was successful in her efforts to switch over to a many-sided dairy-fa…
Serfdom in esthonia during the period of Swedish rule
The great finnish famine in 1696–97
If the catastrophes of history were to be measured by the proportionate losses in population that they cause the suffering nation, then the disaster of the 1696–97 famine in Finland must be accounted one of the most dreadful in the history of Europe. The Black Death, according to recent calculations, carried off one-fifth of the population of England. Its ravages on the continent are estimated to have been proportionately greater1 but even so, it…
The decline and fall of an industry
Economic history abounds in research concerned with the growth of flourishing trades and with the factors causing their rise or prosperity. Declining trades and dying occupations have not received the same attention. Trades which are declining are, however, just as important as those which are prospering for the understanding of the processes of economic development
Can the population of Finland in the 17th century be calculated
The most thorough attempt so far made to estimate the population of Finland in the 17th century is that by the Swedish military historian, Major S. Sundquist. The purpose of his investigation was to discover the basis of enlistment in the army of the kingdom of Sweden under Gustavus II Adolphus. Sundquist obtained the number of farmsteads from the Crown terriers of the first decade of the 17th century and from lists drawn up in connexion with a l…
The borderland
Two different theories of urban ecology have given rise to two contending sociological schools. One of them, the Chicago school, has a background of classical economics and Darwinistic biology. According to it, the value of land determines the social structure of the different parts of the town and this structure changes with land values. The areas can be described as zones contained within a circle drawn with the ‘city’ as the centre point. In o…
History of Finland's rural trade and tradesmen
During the ascendancy of mercantilism, from the beginning of the 17th to the middle of the 19th century, trade in the Finnish countryside was pursued only by city burghers who travelled round on business or attended the fairs held in certain places at definite dates, and by pedlars. Among the latter were the famous Russo-Karelians, immortalised by J. L. Runeberg in his poetical work Elgskyttarne. Resident merchants were not permitted in the rural…
The Great Finnish Famine in 1696-97
Origin and rise of the crofter problem in Finland
Crofters (Swedish torpare, Finnish torppari) are in Finland and Sweden the peasants whose principal means of subsistence derived from the cultivation of some small part, held in tenancy, of an estate. The crofter paid the bulk of his rent by putting in so many days work on the parent farm
Finnish agricultural labour in the eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries
In the eighteenth century, when agricultural techniques were primitive and agricultural produce was processed at home in a wide variety of ways, additional labour was required to help the farmer and his wife even on farms which produced little for sale. The extent to which hired labour was needed naturally depended on whether there were sons, daughters or other members of the family of working age living on the farm. The 1723 Servants Statute—whi…
Concentration of Finnish emigration in South-Ostrobothnia
When the discussion of emigration from Finland began in the literature at the tum of the century the attitude adopted was unscientific, and often moralising. Emigration was attributed to individual frictions such as domestic feuds, or to traits of character like a love of adventure or love of freedom. A decisive step forward was the article published in 1907 by the economist O. K. Kilpi, ‘Siirtolaisuuden keskittyminen Vaasan ja Oulun lääneihin’ […
Etela-Pohjanmaan valtamerentakainen siirtolaisuus 1867-1930. [Overseas Emigration from South Ostrobothnia, 1867-1930]
Suomen kreivi- ja vapaaherrakunnat, I-II [Earldoms and Baronies in Finland]
Myyntia varten harjoitettu kotiteollisuus Suomessa autonomian ajan alkupuolella [Finnish Domestic Textile Industry Producing for the Market in the Early Part of the Period of Autonomy (1809-c. 1865)]
Town planning in Sweden and Finland until the middle of the nineteenth century
No one travelling through the towns of western Europe with his eyes open can fail to notice that the grid-plan, or even more complicated but regular geometric town plan, dominates the centres of Swedish and even more of Finnish towns, whereas these patterns are rare elsewhere. This town planning idea which prevailed from the Renaissance to the middle of the nineteenth century, and which was also not unknown in the Middle Ages, was implemented chi…
Geographical mobility of population in pre-industrial times
Since 1821, the starting-point for Rosenberg's study, more or less complete series of information about migrants have been preserved in the parishes of the county of Uusimaa (Nyland), in the form of lists of persons moving out of or into the parish or change-of-domicile certificates filed by the migrants in the registry office of the parish to which they moved. It ends at roughly the time when publication of official migration statistics began in…
A study of commercial relations in eighteenth century Finland
There has been a noticeable trend in recent research towards the use of private archives in the study of the commercial behaviour of and relations between individual businesses. Previously only public records have tended to be used, and attention has been focused on one aspect of an economy as a whole, or of a region, or a single important town. Even if, for example, the names of importers or exporters have been entered in customs records, offici…
The problem of railway ownership in 19th century Finland
Dr. Oredsson's extremely able and original doctoral dissertation! is concerned primarily with the issue of state versus private railway policy in certain countries. So far as Finland is concerned, he confines himself to strategic considerations, dismissing the subject of ownership with the statement: ‘All railways of major importance were built by the State’ (p. 23). The impression gained by the reader is that from the outset State ownership was …
The structure of mortality during catastrophic years in a pre-industrial society
The aim of the study is to examine the way in which the pattern of mortality in a pre-industrial society differed in catastrophic years from that in 'normal' years. Five Finnish parishes with a total population of 21,000 in 1850 were examined. The deaths were classified by season, age and cause. The results support the theory that epidemics not directly connected with starvation were the main causes of mortality peaks
Current research in economic history in Scandinavia historical demography
The growing interest in population studies manifested in a number of European countries over the past twenty years has not left the Scandinavian, countries untouched, as will be apparent from the following brief survey of the current state of research in this field
Large scale farming in Scandinavia in the seventeenth century
In the past, text books have made a false distinction between the former agrarian structure of Denmark on the one hand and of the remaining Scandinavian countries on the other. The proper dividing line should intersect the kingdom of Sweden, since farmers in Norrland and Finland were peasant-proprietors at the opening of the modern age while elsewhere in Scandinavia they were generally tenants. Much of the land not owned by peasants belonged to t…
Vanha maataloutemme
Political science (22 obras) · Economics (17 obras) · Law (16 obras) · Geography (15 obras) · History (14 obras) · Economic history (11 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Archaeology (10 obras) · Economy (10 obras) · Demography (8 obras)