Daniel Sullivan
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 75187 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Daniel Sullivan |
| NOMBRES | Daniel |
| APELLIDO | Sullivan |
| FIRMA | SULLIVAN D |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Arizona |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4389-4190 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 74 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 339 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 74 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1974 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Collectivized Suffering Among Marginalized Group Members
The Hierarchy of Self‐Positions
Social psychology requires a theory of capitalist individualism that explains how meritocratic beliefs and a phenomenology of autonomy interact with historic and systemic factors that facilitate hierarchic constraint on most individuals. Here, we present such a theory and apply it to capitalist individualism as it has manifested in the history of the United States. Our hierarchy of self‐positions model suggests that groups and individuals in the …
I am not an animal—I am an American
Terror Management Theory suggests that cultural identities and worldviews allow people to mitigate existential concerns and distance themselves from other mortal animals. We theorized that individuals low in the perceived similarity of self to animals (PSSA) are more likely to invest in their ingroup cultural identities and have negative attitudes toward other cultures, especially after mortality salience (MS). Congruently, we found that particip…
Belgian and U.S. Older Adults’ Lay Perspectives on ‘Tiredness of Life’
Kracauer and Tarkovsky’s Cinema of Redemptive Estrangement
Despite striking parallels between their philosophies and artistic work, there have been no prior dedicated studies of the reinforcing ideas of Siegfried Kracauer and Andrei Tarkovsky. I contend with other interpreters that Kracauer’s philosophy of film is best understood as a form of revelationism, with strong sociological and ontological theses about the nature of modern psychological life and the medium specificity of film. Essentially, Kracau…
Colonial Relationality
Psychologist scope of practice and behavioural sleep medicine in Australia
Student motivations, perceptions and opinions of participating in student evaluation of teaching surveys
Several times each year the teaching performance of academics at higher education institutions are evaluated through anonymous, online student evaluation of teaching (SET) surveys. Universities use SETs to inform decisions about staff promotion and tenure, but low student participation levels make the surveys impractical for this use. This scoping review aims to explore student motivations, perceptions and opinions of SET survey completion. Five …
Taking control of violence against doctors
Violence against healthcare professionals is a serious but understudied global problem and one that lacks evidence‐based solutions. The current research offers a novel explanation and intervention for addressing this issue: We propose that low feelings of control among patients and their family members play an important role in shaping doctor‐patient relationships. To regain a sense of control, we suggest that patients attribute responsibility to…
Perceived Similarity of the Self to Animals, Creativity, and Anxiety
According to terror management theory, humans avoid death anxiety by embedding themselves within cultural worldviews that allow them to perceive themselves as more than mortal animals. However, individuals also differ in their trait-like tendency to dissociate from other animals. In six studies, we tested whether individuals who perceive themselves as more similar to animals (high-perceived similarity of the self to animals [PSSA]) invest more in…
Toward a Reevaluation of Siegfried Kracauer and the Frankfurt School
This essay reviews the anthology Siegfried Kracauer: Selected Writings on Media, Propaganda, and Political Communication (2022), edited and with translations by Jaeho Kang, Graeme Gilloch, and John Abromeit. The editors describe the volume as "a selection of Kracauer’s diverse materials on propaganda and political communication – texts hitherto unavailable in English or strewn among different [...] journals, periodicals, and magazines" (2). Beyon…
The Relationship of Prolonged Grief Disorder Symptoms With Hemodynamic Response to Grief Recall Among Bereaved Adults
OBJECTIVE: Bereavement is among the most impactful psychosocial stressors for cardiovascular health, and hypertensive episodes accompanying bereavement-related distress are one putative mechanism for this effect. The present study examined hemodynamic responses to the Grief Recall (GR), a promising method for studying the effects of acute grief on cardiovascular function, and the relationship of grief severity to blood pressure (BP) response. MET…
The Juridification of Democracy
The sociomaterial force theory of identity
Foundational theories in social psychology tend to focus on the individual’s phenomenological experience, and to conceive of the environment and the individual as discrete entities. To overcome the ontological and epistemological limitations of such perspectives, we propose a theory rooted in culturally oriented existential philosophy. This sociomaterial force theory of identity emphasizes the reciprocal, historically contingent relationship betw…
Chronic environmental contamination
An Existential Analysis of Responses to the 2020 Coronavirus Outbreak
This essay examines people’s responses to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic from the perspective of existential psychology. The existential anxieties associated with the pandemic, as well as people’s responses to them, can be understood and articulated through Sartre’s concept of bad faith. Using this existential lens, we examine the ways in which people’s responses to the virus interact with long-standing societal patterns of interconnection as well…
Sartre'scritique of Dialectical Reasonand New Materialism
Sartre’s late work – the Critique of Dialectical Reason – attempted to develop a new theory of praxis emphasizing themes that anticipate new materialist and biopolitical turns in the humanities. Specifically, Sartre stressed: (1) the “agentic” qualities of matter, insofar as matter reacts to human activity and alters its course; (2) the unintended and accruing consequences of human activity in the material world; (3) the fact that capitalism invo…
Incarnation, Alienation, and Emancipation
In Critique of Dialectical Reason Vol. 2 , Sartre analyzes a boxing match in light of a typology of violence. He suggests that individual conflicts incarnate broader forces of structural violence. He distinguishes between incidents of incarnating violence in terms of their broader social effects, as either alienated – commoditized or “mystified” and rendered illicit – or emancipatory – embedded in a collectively willed political project. This con…
A brighter future
The present study serves as an exploratory investigation of the role of social class in responses to the threat of future debt. Previous work has shown that individuals of high and low subjective social class differ in the ways that they respond to a broad range of threats and uncertainties about the future. Across three studies, we found that lower social class individuals expect more future debt and suffer greater attendant stress than higher c…
The spatialization and temporalization of environmental suffering
Many people live in circumstances of environmental suffering: exposure to contaminated natural resources and toxic chemicals due to a history of accident or misuse. Environmental suffering is disproportionately experienced by politically, ethnically, and economically disadvantaged group members. An analysis rooted in the concept of false consciousness ( Gabel, 1975 ) suggests that environmental suffering narratives tend toward perspectival distor…
Worldviews and the construal of suffering from depression
We examine how worldview differences affect the construal of depression. Two suffering construals are identified: redemptive construals, which emphasize the growth-oriented teleological purpose of depression, and biomedical construals, which emphasize a restorative teleology whereby depression should be pharmacologically treated to return individuals to normal functioning. Due to their assumptions about human nature, we anticipated that humanisti…
Abortions due to the Zika virus versus fetal alcohol syndrome
A multidimensional approach to the relationship between individualism-collectivism and guilt and shame
Guilt and shame proneness are commonly thought to be associated with culture, yet research on this relationship is fragmented and often inconsistent. In a review of the existing social scientific literature, we demonstrate that no consistent relationship between guilt and shame, on the one hand, and individualism and collectivism, on the other, has yet been established. To move this research area forward, we apply a new 2-dimensional, quaternary …
The Psychology of Neoliberalism and the Neoliberalism of Psychology
In this article, we approach the relationship between neoliberalism and psychological science from the theoretical perspective of cultural psychology. In the first section, we trace how engagement with neoliberal systems results in characteristic tendencies—including a radical abstraction of self from social and material context, an entrepreneurial understanding of self as an ongoing development project, an imperative for personal growth and fulf…
Spy plane
An existential function of enemyship
Perceiving oneself as having powerful enemies, although superficially disagreeable, may serve an important psychological function. On the basis of E. Becker's (1969) existential theorizing, the authors argue that people attribute exaggerated influence to enemies as a means of compensating for perceptions of reduced control over their environment. In Study 1, individuals dispositionally low in perceived control responded to a reminder of external …
Competitive victimhood as a response to accusations of ingroup harm doing
Accusations of unjust harm doing by the ingroup threaten the group's moral identity. One strategy for restoring ingroup moral identity after such a threat is competitive victimhood: claiming the ingroup has suffered compared with the harmed outgroup. Men accused of harming women were more likely to claim that men are discriminated against compared with women (Study 1), and women showed the same effect when accused of discriminating against men (S…
The Psychology of Neoliberalism and the Neoliberalism of Psychology
In this article, we approach the relationship between neoliberalism and psychological science from the theoretical perspective of cultural psychology. In the first section, we trace how engagement with neoliberal systems results in characteristic tendencies—including a radical abstraction of self from social and material context, an entrepreneurial understanding of self as an ongoing development project, an imperative for personal growth and fulf…
A dual-motive model of scapegoating
The authors present a model that specifies 2 psychological motives underlying scapegoating, defined as attributing inordinate blame for a negative outcome to a target individual or group, (a) maintaining perceived personal moral value by minimizing feelings of guilt over one's responsibility for a negative outcome and (b) maintaining perceived personal control by obtaining a clear explanation for a negative outcome that otherwise seems inexplicab…
Focus theory of normative conduct and terror-management theory
Research on terror-management theory has shown that after mortality salience (MS) people attempt to live up to cultural values. But cultures often value very different and sometimes even contradictory standards, leading to difficulties in predicting behavior as a consequence of terror-management needs. The authors report 4 studies to demonstrate that the effect of MS on people's social judgments depends on the salience of norms. In Study 1, makin…
Displacing blame over the ingroup's harming of a disadvantaged group can fuel moral outrage at a third-party scapegoat
Understanding cooperation through fitness interdependence
Attachment to objects as compensation for close others' perceived unreliability
The protective identity
Embodied metaphor and abstract problem solving
Nostalgia for America's past can buffer collective guilt
This research examined when, and for whom, American collective nostalgia can relieve feelings of collective guilt. In the Pilot Study, path analyses revealed that national glorification is associated with collective nostalgia, and collective nostalgia is associated with lower collective guilt. Our experimental studies test the role of these variables in determining responses to the elevated salience of past ingroup harm doing. Collective nostalgi…
Generosity, greed, norms, and death – Differential effects of mortality salience on charitable behavior
Exploring metaphor's epistemic function
Managing terror when self-worth and worldviews collide
The Impact of Community College Retraining on Older Displaced Workers
The authors estimate the returns to retraining for older displaced workers-those 35 or older-by estimating the impact of community college schooling on earnings. The analysis relies on longitudinal administrative records covering workers displaced from jobs in Washington State during the early 1990s. The authors find that older displaced workers participated in community college schooling at lower rates than younger workers. Among those who parti…
Time-space distanciation
While researchers in social psychology often explore space and time in isolation, the relations between these dimensions are rarely considered. To address this gap, we explore a model of Time-Space Distanciation, the extent to space and time are abstracted from one another in the cultural coordination of activity. We introduce this construct with an emphasis on its interdisciplinary roots and its status as a feature of both group- and individual-…
Could two negative emotions be a positive? The effects of anger and anxiety in enemyship
Subjectivity uncertainty theory of objectification
Time‐Space Distanciation
The growing body of research on temporal and spatial experience lacks a comprehensive theoretical approach. Drawing on Giddens’ framework, we present time‐space distanciation (TSD) as a construct for theorizing the relations between culture, time, and space. TSD in a culture may be understood as the extent to which (1) time and space are abstracted as separate dimensions and (2) activities are extended and organized across time and space. After p…
Embodied metaphor and the “true” self
The effects of source credibility and message information quantity on the attitude change of apathetics
The paper develops and tests a theoretical rationale for treating the attitude change of apathetic receivers as a function of their capacities to process the quantities of information contained in a message within an environmental constraint established via source credibility inductions
Self‐Harm Focus Leads to Greater Collective Guilt
Collective guilt from harm one's group has caused an out‐group is often undermined because people minimize or legitimize the harm done (i.e., they generate exonerating cognitions ). When a group action has harmed both the in‐group and an out‐group, focusing people on “self‐harm”—ways in which the in‐group has harmed itself—may elicit more collective guilt because self‐harm is less likely to be exonerated. In Study 1, American participants who foc…
Collectivism and the meaning of suffering
People need to understand why an instance of suffering occurred and what purpose it might have. One widespread account of suffering is a repressive suffering construal (RSC): interpreting suffering as occurring because people deviate from social norms and as having the purpose of reinforcing the social order. Based on the theorizing of Emile Durkheim and others, we propose that RSC is associated with social morality-the belief that society dictat…
Testing Hypotheses about Firm Behavior in the Cigarette Industry
Competition in Bio-Medical Science
The degree of competition in science, it is argued, was underemphasized in the past but more recently has been overemphasized. Data from a study of bio-medical scientists is used to show that science is not uniformly competitive or non-competitive. The degree of competition that a scientist feels in his daily work varies with his specific location in the age and stratification structures of science. Competition is shown, further, to result in an …
Research on Human Subjects
Research on Human Subjects
Theories and Theory Groups in Contemporary American Sociology
Competition in Bio-Medical Science
The degree of competition in science, it is argued, was underemphasized in the past but more recently has been overemphasized. Data from a study of bio-medical scientists is used to show that science is not uniformly competitive or non-competitive. The degree of competition that a scientist feels in his daily work varies with his specific location in the age and stratification structures of science. Competition is shown, further, to result in an …
Research on Human Subjects
The use of human subjects in biomedical research has increased rapidly with scientific discoveries. However, the failure to achieve the highest - or even adequate - standards of professional moral concern and behavior is a serious side effect. Research on Human Subjects is based on four years of intensive research in which two studies were completed - one on a nationally representative sample of biomedical research institutions, the second on a s…
Human Subjects in Medical Experimentation
The effects of source credibility and message information quantity on the attitude change of apathetics
The paper develops and tests a theoretical rationale for treating the attitude change of apathetic receivers as a function of their capacities to process the quantities of information contained in a message within an environmental constraint established via source credibility inductions
Science, Technology and Society
Testing Hypotheses about Firm Behavior in the Cigarette Industry
The Costs of Worker Dislocation
Crisis and Transition in Corporate Governance Paradigms
Contemporary crisis in the idea and practice of corporate governance prompts a consideration of future resolution based on historical imperatives. We review periods of analogous crisis in corporate governance in the mid-1800s, 1930s, and 1960s to evaluate the catalyst, process, and outcome of paradigmatic change. Framing our analysis are the rulings made by the Court of Chancery of Delaware during those times of change. The Chancery Court's histo…
The Impact of Community College Retraining on Older Displaced Workers
The authors estimate the returns to retraining for older displaced workers-those 35 or older-by estimating the impact of community college schooling on earnings. The analysis relies on longitudinal administrative records covering workers displaced from jobs in Washington State during the early 1990s. The authors find that older displaced workers participated in community college schooling at lower rates than younger workers. Among those who parti…
Managing terror when self-worth and worldviews collide
Focus theory of normative conduct and terror-management theory
Research on terror-management theory has shown that after mortality salience (MS) people attempt to live up to cultural values. But cultures often value very different and sometimes even contradictory standards, leading to difficulties in predicting behavior as a consequence of terror-management needs. The authors report 4 studies to demonstrate that the effect of MS on people's social judgments depends on the salience of norms. In Study 1, makin…
Job Displacement and Mortality
We use administrative data on the quarterly employment and earnings of Pennsylvanian workers in the 1970s and 1980s matched to Social Security Administration death records covering 1980–2006 to estimate the effects of job displacement on mortality. We find that for high-seniority male workers, mortality rates in the year after displacement are 50%–100% higher than would otherwise have been expected. The effect on mortality hazards declines sharpl…
Toward a New Understanding of Two Films from the Dark Side
Rosemary's Baby and Straw Dogs are New Hollywood films that explore themes of death and violence. Terror management theory (TMT), a theory of the role of death fear in the human striving for significance, is utilized to clarify various aspects of these films, including their use of death imagery and the motivations of the characters, and to reveal some novel parallels between the films
The protective identity
On graves and graven images
We present an existential account of the psychological function of artistic activity derived from terror management theory. From this perspective, artistic creation and response alleviate concerns with mortality by affording opportunities to bolster cultural belief systems that provide death-transcending meaning and significance. We review research showing that reminders of mortality exaggerate people's responses (positive and negative) to artwor…
Embodied metaphor and the “true” self
Finding everland
An existential function of enemyship
Perceiving oneself as having powerful enemies, although superficially disagreeable, may serve an important psychological function. On the basis of E. Becker's (1969) existential theorizing, the authors argue that people attribute exaggerated influence to enemies as a means of compensating for perceptions of reduced control over their environment. In Study 1, individuals dispositionally low in perceived control responded to a reminder of external …
Tillich and Tarkovsky
Andrei Tarkovsky’s Mirror is a “stream-of-consciousness” film that eschews traditional narrative structure. The author interprets the film as having an “emotional structure,” insofar as it sequentially explores different manifestations of the experience of anxiety. Using the typology of anxiety developed by Paul Tillich in The Courage to Be, the author demonstrates how the first three parts of Mirror separately explore the anxiety of emptiness, o…
Exploring metaphor's epistemic function
Mapping the Great Recession
Commentators agree that the crisis that boiled to a bubble in the fall of 2008 (“the Great Recession”) is the gravest downturn since the depression of the 1930s. That makes it one of the two greatest crises in the history of capitalism. And plainly, the crisis continues, yielding severe joblessness and a growing danger of government defaults, bank failures, and stock market crashes. Hundreds of commentators have sought to explain the crisis. Yet …
Competitive victimhood as a response to accusations of ingroup harm doing
Accusations of unjust harm doing by the ingroup threaten the group's moral identity. One strategy for restoring ingroup moral identity after such a threat is competitive victimhood: claiming the ingroup has suffered compared with the harmed outgroup. Men accused of harming women were more likely to claim that men are discriminated against compared with women (Study 1), and women showed the same effect when accused of discriminating against men (S…
Psychology (52 obras) · Social Psychology (41 obras) · Political science (30 obras) · Social Psychology (27 obras) · Sociology (25 obras) · Epistemology (19 obras) · Law (19 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (17 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (13 obras) · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion (13 obras)