Verna M Keith
Biographic Data
| ID | 75229 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Verna M Keith |
| GIVEN NAMES | Verna M |
| FAMILY NAME | Keith |
| SIGNATURE | KEITH V M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Alabama at Birmingham |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9720-3207 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 904 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Physical Health Among Black Immigrants by Region of Birth: A Test of the Racial Context Hypothesis
Objective We test the Racial Context Hypothesis by examining the association between racial context of origin and five physical health outcomes (self-rated health, activity limitation, functional activity limitation, lifetime hypertension, and lifetime cancer) among U.S.-born Black Americans and Black immigrants in the United States. Design This cross-sectional study used 2000 through 2018 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Our…
Racial Context and Health Behaviors Among Black Immigrants
Drinking from a Full Cup: Race, Racism, and Discrimination in Contemporary Social Psychological Research
Neighborhood cohesion and psychological distress across race and sexual orientation
Neighborhood cohesion has differing impact on psychological distress outcomes by racial/ethnic-sexual orientation groups, but in general provides a greater magnitude of protection against moderate psychological distress for non-LGB groups and a greater magnitude of protection against severe psychological distress for LGB groups
Discrimination and social isolation among African Americans: The moderating role of skin tone
These findings shed light on African Americans' nuanced experiences with discrimination and colorism. Further, the data demonstrate heterogeneity in the vulnerability to the adverse effects of discrimination within the African American population; the relationship between discrimination and subjective isolation was stratified by skin tone. This underscores the well-documented and persistent racialized social stratification system in the United St…
How Skin Tone Influences Relationships Between Discrimination, Psychological Distress, and Self-Rated Mental Health Among Older African Americans
This study contributes to the emerging body of literature on skin tone, discrimination, and mental health. Uncovering mechanisms behind the "why" is an important next step in understanding how skin tone influences the relationship between discrimination and mental health. The negative psychological effects associated with darker complexion provide several areas to be examined
Discrimination and Black Social Media Use: Sites of Oppression and Expression
The authors investigate the association between self-reported experiences of discrimination and social media use among Black American adults. Experiences of discrimination were assessed using a 10-question scale of self-reported discrimination encounters. Data analysis was based on a sample of 220 Black American adult respondents residing in Texas. The results indicate that Black Americans reporting higher levels of discrimination use social medi…
Psychological Distress among Black Immigrants by Region of Birth
Do White People See Variation in Black Skin Tones? Reexamining a Purported Outgroup Homogeneity Effect
Previous research has reported that white survey interviewers remember black respondents’ skin tones in a much narrower range than recollections by black interviewers. This finding has been used to suggest that, in line with the one-drop rule, whites do not perceive meaningful differences between light- and dark-skinned black people. The authors reanalyze evidence thought to demonstrate relative homogeneity in white interviewers’ evaluation of bl…
Subtypes of Girls Who Engage in Serious Delinquency and Their Young Adult Outcomes
Girls are increasingly becoming involved with the juvenile justice system; however, what brings girls to engage in delinquency or what obstacles these girls face later in life resulting from adolescent criminal behavior is understudied. In the present study, we used latent class analysis to identify subtypes of risks among adolescent girls ( N = 1,174) who have engaged in delinquent behaviors and mixture modeling to determine what distal psycholo…
Media Consumption and Racial Residential Preferences
Objective To what extent do mainstream media, social media, and ethnic media consumption, as dominant and counter‐dominant forms of public discourse, connect to where people prefer to live? We unpack whether media consumption influences such preferences in Texas, a racially segregated and increasingly racially diverse state. Methods Using the Texas Diversity Survey ( n = 1,322), we run a series of logit regression models, stratified by respondent…
A tale of two generations: Maternal skin color and adverse birth outcomes in Black/African American women
Is a Picture Worth A Thousand Words? An Experiment Comparing Observer-Based Skin Tone Measures
Systemic Anti-Black Racism Must Be Dismantled: Statement by the American Sociological Association Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Caste Differences in Hypertension Among Women in India: Diminishing Health Returns to Socioeconomic Status for Lower Caste Groups
Racial stratification in self-rated health among Black Mexicans and White Mexicans
How do Mexicans of distinct racial backgrounds fit into the recognized patterns of racial health disparities? We conduct regression analyses using data from the 2000-2017 National Health Interview Survey to determine if Mexicans who self-identify as White or Black have a relative advantage or disadvantage in self-rated health in relation to Non-Hispanic (NH) Whites and Blacks in the U.S. Our results indicate that both Black Mexicans and White Mex…
Measuring perceived mistreatment across diverse social groups: An evaluation of the Everyday Discrimination Scale
The color of death: Race, observed skin tone, and all-cause mortality in the United States
Objective: This paper examines how mortality covaries with observed skin tone among blacks and in relation to whites. Additionally, the study analyzes the extent to which social factors such as socioeconomic status affect this relationship. Design: This study uses data from the 1982 General Social Survey ( N = 1,689) data linked to the National Death Index until 2008. We use this data to examine the links between race, observed skin tone among bl…
Everyday Discrimination Among African American Men: The Impact of Criminal Justice Contact
The present study examined the impact of criminal justice contact on experiences of everyday discrimination among a national sample of African American men. African American men have a high likelihood of being the targets of major discrimination as well as experiencing disproportionate contact with the criminal justice system. Few studies, however, examine everyday discrimination (e.g., commonplace social encounters of unfair treatment) among thi…
Discrimination Fully Mediates the Effects of Incarceration History on Depressive Symptoms and Psychological Distress Among African American Men
Prevalence and correlates of everyday discrimination among black Caribbeans in the United States: The Impact of Nativity and Country of Origin
To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide an in-depth investigation of everyday discrimination among the black Caribbean population. It provides the frequency, types and correlates of everyday discrimination reported by black Caribbeans in the United States. Understanding the frequency and types of discrimination is important because of the documented negative impacts of everyday discrimination on physical and mental health
Microaggressions, Discrimination, and Phenotype among African Americans: A Latent Class Analysis of the Impact of Skin Tone and BMI
Data from the 2001-2003 National Survey of American Life are used to investigate the effects of phenotype on everyday experiences with discrimination among African Americans (N = 3343). Latent class analysis is used to identify four classes of discriminatory treatment: (1) low levels of discrimination, (2) disrespect and condescension, (3) character-based discrimination, and (4) high levels of discrimination. We then employ latent class multinomi…
Histories of Colorism and Implications for Education
In this article, we consider how colorist ideologies and practices unsettle arguments that celebrate racial gains in education, particularly as related to divides that have narrowed since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Although outcomes based on race may document some general paths of improvement, progress and success can be appreciably uneven across people who are the same race. Even though skin tone is a linchpin of intraraci…
Racial Identity and Well-Being among African Americans
How racial identity influences self-esteem and psychological well-being among African Americans remains unresolved due to unexplained inconsistencies in theoretical predictions and empirical findings. Using data from the National Survey of American Life (N = 3,570), we tested hypotheses derived from social identity theory and the internalized racism perspective. Findings support social identity theory in showing that African Americans strongly id…
Coping with Racial Discrimination: Assessing the Vulnerability of African Americans and the Mediated Moderation of Psychosocial Resources
Research demonstrates that the mental health of African Americans is negatively affected by discrimination, but few studies have investigated the effects of racial discrimination specifically and whether these effects vary by poverty and education levels. Using a sample of 3,372 African Americans from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), we find a positive relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms, with both lifet…
Skin Tone and Stratification in the Black Community
Data from the National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA)(1979-80) are used to examine the effects of skin-tone variations of blacks on educational attainment, occupation, and income, net of such antecedent factors as parental socioeconomic status and such contemporaneous factors as sex, region of residence, urbanicity, age, and marital status. The findings are that not only does complexion have significant net effects on stratification outcomes, b…
Racial Identity and Well-Being among African Americans
How racial identity influences self-esteem and psychological well-being among African Americans remains unresolved due to unexplained inconsistencies in theoretical predictions and empirical findings. Using data from the National Survey of American Life (N = 3,570), we tested hypotheses derived from social identity theory and the internalized racism perspective. Findings support social identity theory in showing that African Americans strongly id…
The Blacker the Berry: Gender, Skin Tone, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy
Using data from the National Survey of Black Americans, this study examines the way in which gender socially constructs the importance of skin tone for evaluations of self-worth and self-competence. Skin tone has negative effects on both self-esteem and self-efficacy but operates in different domains of the self for men and for women. Skin color is an important predictor of self-esteem for Black women but not Black men. And color predicts self-ef…
Discriminatory Experiences and Depressive Symptoms among African American Women: Do Skin Tone and Mastery Matter
Measuring perceived mistreatment across diverse social groups: An evaluation of the Everyday Discrimination Scale
Acculturation and low-birthweight infants among Latino women: A reanalysis of HHANES data with structural equation models
Previous studies have demonstrated that acculturation is associated with negative birth outcomes among mothers in numerous immigrant populations, including Latinas. This study used structural equation models to reanalyze data employed in the 1989 Scribner and Dwyer study on the effect of acculturation (measured through the Cuellar scale) on mothers' low-birthweight status. Data revealed that language components dominate the effects of acculturati…
The Impact of Parental Divorce on Children's Educational Attainment, Marital Timing, and Likelihood of Divorce
Verna M. Keith, Barbara Finlay, The Impact of Parental Divorce on Children's Educational Attainment, Marital Timing, and Likelihood of Divorce, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Aug., 1988), pp. 797-809
Microaggressions, Discrimination, and Phenotype among African Americans: A Latent Class Analysis of the Impact of Skin Tone and BMI
Data from the 2001-2003 National Survey of American Life are used to investigate the effects of phenotype on everyday experiences with discrimination among African Americans (N = 3343). Latent class analysis is used to identify four classes of discriminatory treatment: (1) low levels of discrimination, (2) disrespect and condescension, (3) character-based discrimination, and (4) high levels of discrimination. We then employ latent class multinomi…
Church-based social capital, networks and geographical scale: Katrina evacuation, relocation, and recovery in a New Orleans Vietnamese American community
Histories of Colorism and Implications for Education
In this article, we consider how colorist ideologies and practices unsettle arguments that celebrate racial gains in education, particularly as related to divides that have narrowed since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Although outcomes based on race may document some general paths of improvement, progress and success can be appreciably uneven across people who are the same race. Even though skin tone is a linchpin of intraraci…
Coping with Racial Discrimination: Assessing the Vulnerability of African Americans and the Mediated Moderation of Psychosocial Resources
Research demonstrates that the mental health of African Americans is negatively affected by discrimination, but few studies have investigated the effects of racial discrimination specifically and whether these effects vary by poverty and education levels. Using a sample of 3,372 African Americans from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), we find a positive relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms, with both lifet…
The Social Support of Employed African American and Anglo Mothers
Using the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), we investigate the support received by employed African American and Anglo mothers of young children. Supports investigated include care of sick and out-of-school children, general baby-sitting assistance, and help with transportation. Supports received from family and friends were analyzed separately. Care for sick and out-of-school children is deemed to be a particularly important sou…
Discrimination Fully Mediates the Effects of Incarceration History on Depressive Symptoms and Psychological Distress Among African American Men
Everyday Discrimination Among African American Men: The Impact of Criminal Justice Contact
The present study examined the impact of criminal justice contact on experiences of everyday discrimination among a national sample of African American men. African American men have a high likelihood of being the targets of major discrimination as well as experiencing disproportionate contact with the criminal justice system. Few studies, however, examine everyday discrimination (e.g., commonplace social encounters of unfair treatment) among thi…
Can A High Sense of Control and John Henryism be Bad for Mental Health
Social stratification profoundly affects mental health. Specifically, substantial empirical evidence finds that higher status promotes mental health via a higher sense of control and a propensity to cope actively with problems. An unresolved issue, though, is whether the effects of sense of control and active coping on mental health are uniformly beneficial across levels of socioeconomic status. Perceived control and John Henryism, an active copi…
Is a Picture Worth A Thousand Words? An Experiment Comparing Observer-Based Skin Tone Measures
How Racial Identity Moderates the Impact of Financial Stress on Mental Health among African Americans
Financial stress, which is common among African Americans, has been linked to higher psychological distress. This study examines whether racial identity moderates the association of financial stress with depressive symptoms. If so, through what mechanisms does it operate? We investigated these questions in a moderated mediation analysis, using data from the National Survey of American Life ( N = 3,570). Of the two racial identity dimensions exami…
The current differential in black and white life expectancy
The 1980 National Center for Health Statistics life tables for the U. S. black and white populations reveal a difference in life expectancy of 7 years between black and white males and 6 years between black and white females. Using cause-substituted life tables, we show that a number of causes of death contribute to the difference. The largest contributors are cardiovascular disease for both sexes and homicide and cancer for males
Prevalence and correlates of everyday discrimination among black Caribbeans in the United States: The Impact of Nativity and Country of Origin
To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide an in-depth investigation of everyday discrimination among the black Caribbean population. It provides the frequency, types and correlates of everyday discrimination reported by black Caribbeans in the United States. Understanding the frequency and types of discrimination is important because of the documented negative impacts of everyday discrimination on physical and mental health
Resilient History and the Rebuilding of a Community: The Vietnamese American Community in New Orleans East
Journal Article Resilient History and the Rebuilding of a Community: The Vietnamese American Community in New Orleans East Get access Karen J. Leong, Karen J. Leong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Christopher A. Airriess, Christopher A. Airriess Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Wei Li, Wei Li Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar An…
Gender differences in social support among older adults
Assessing the effects of race and ethnicity on use of complementary and alternative therapies in the USA
The use of alternative and complementary therapies varied across racial/ ethnic groups. Evidence showed that individuals who were dissatisfied with the availability of conventional healthcare, who were in poor health, but very satisfied with their conventional provider were more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. The addition of these variables to a logistic regression model did not change the findings for diffe…
A tale of two generations: Maternal skin color and adverse birth outcomes in Black/African American women
The color of death: Race, observed skin tone, and all-cause mortality in the United States
Objective: This paper examines how mortality covaries with observed skin tone among blacks and in relation to whites. Additionally, the study analyzes the extent to which social factors such as socioeconomic status affect this relationship. Design: This study uses data from the 1982 General Social Survey ( N = 1,689) data linked to the National Death Index until 2008. We use this data to examine the links between race, observed skin tone among bl…
Ethnicity versus Ethnic Identity: What Predicts Substance Use Norms and Behaviors
Although researchers often incorporate various measures of ethnicity and ethnic identity (EI) into research about substance use, the relationships among ethnicity, EI, and substance use remain unclear (Marsiglia, Kulis, & Hecht, 2001; Phinney, 1996). This paper explores whether ethnicity and three EI instruments are useful in predicting substance use outcomes among three samples of ethnically diverse middle school youth. Findings include that age…
The current differential in black and white life expectancy
The 1980 National Center for Health Statistics life tables for the U. S. black and white populations reveal a difference in life expectancy of 7 years between black and white males and 6 years between black and white females. Using cause-substituted life tables, we show that a number of causes of death contribute to the difference. The largest contributors are cardiovascular disease for both sexes and homicide and cancer for males
The Impact of Parental Divorce on Children's Educational Attainment, Marital Timing, and Likelihood of Divorce
Verna M. Keith, Barbara Finlay, The Impact of Parental Divorce on Children's Educational Attainment, Marital Timing, and Likelihood of Divorce, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Aug., 1988), pp. 797-809
Who are the Japan Bashers? Evidence from national surveys, 1974-1985
Analysis of surveys of the American population during 1974—1985 displays a relatively stable, positive evaluation of Japan. Almost half (40%) of the 1985 respondents gave Japan one of the three most favorable ratings on a scale of ten. Regression analysis indicates that age, education, and family income form the best predictors of attitudes toward Japan. Those who are older, less educated and poorer hold less favorable attitudes toward Japan
Gender differences in social support among older adults
Occupational Prestige in the Health Care Delivery System
Benigno E. Aguirre, Fredric D. Wolinsky, John Niederauer, Verna Keith, Lih-Jiuan Fann, Occupational Prestige in the Health Care Delivery System, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Sep., 1989), pp. 315-329
Skin Tone and Stratification in the Black Community
Data from the National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA)(1979-80) are used to examine the effects of skin-tone variations of blacks on educational attainment, occupation, and income, net of such antecedent factors as parental socioeconomic status and such contemporaneous factors as sex, region of residence, urbanicity, age, and marital status. The findings are that not only does complexion have significant net effects on stratification outcomes, b…
The Social Support of Employed African American and Anglo Mothers
Using the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), we investigate the support received by employed African American and Anglo mothers of young children. Supports investigated include care of sick and out-of-school children, general baby-sitting assistance, and help with transportation. Supports received from family and friends were analyzed separately. Care for sick and out-of-school children is deemed to be a particularly important sou…
Acculturation and low-birthweight infants among Latino women: A reanalysis of HHANES data with structural equation models
Previous studies have demonstrated that acculturation is associated with negative birth outcomes among mothers in numerous immigrant populations, including Latinas. This study used structural equation models to reanalyze data employed in the 1989 Scribner and Dwyer study on the effect of acculturation (measured through the Cuellar scale) on mothers' low-birthweight status. Data revealed that language components dominate the effects of acculturati…
Effects of Positive and Negative Social Exchanges with Various Sources on Depressive Symptoms in Younger and Older Adults
Addressing a previous gap in the gerontological literature, the present study examined the effects of both positive and negative social exchanges within key relationships (spouse, children, and other relatives/friends) on the depressive symptoms of younger (28 to 59 years old) and older (60 to 92 years old) men and women. Separate analyses were carried out on younger adults (N = 452) and older adults (N = 849) who were respondents in the American…
The Blacker the Berry: Gender, Skin Tone, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy
Using data from the National Survey of Black Americans, this study examines the way in which gender socially constructs the importance of skin tone for evaluations of self-worth and self-competence. Skin tone has negative effects on both self-esteem and self-efficacy but operates in different domains of the self for men and for women. Skin color is an important predictor of self-esteem for Black women but not Black men. And color predicts self-ef…
Assessing the effects of race and ethnicity on use of complementary and alternative therapies in the USA
The use of alternative and complementary therapies varied across racial/ ethnic groups. Evidence showed that individuals who were dissatisfied with the availability of conventional healthcare, who were in poor health, but very satisfied with their conventional provider were more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. The addition of these variables to a logistic regression model did not change the findings for diffe…
Ethnicity versus Ethnic Identity: What Predicts Substance Use Norms and Behaviors
Although researchers often incorporate various measures of ethnicity and ethnic identity (EI) into research about substance use, the relationships among ethnicity, EI, and substance use remain unclear (Marsiglia, Kulis, & Hecht, 2001; Phinney, 1996). This paper explores whether ethnicity and three EI instruments are useful in predicting substance use outcomes among three samples of ethnically diverse middle school youth. Findings include that age…
Resilient History and the Rebuilding of a Community: The Vietnamese American Community in New Orleans East
Journal Article Resilient History and the Rebuilding of a Community: The Vietnamese American Community in New Orleans East Get access Karen J. Leong, Karen J. Leong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Christopher A. Airriess, Christopher A. Airriess Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Wei Li, Wei Li Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar An…
Race, social relationships, and mental health
Researchers often assume that the extent, quality, and effectiveness of personal relationships explain why African Americans have relatively good mental health despite experiencing high levels of stress. This study tests this assumption using data from the 1990–1992 National Comorbidity Survey. Few racial differences emerge in patterns of social relationships, and the nature and quality of social relationships do not explain African Americans’ re…
Surviving Katrina and its aftermath: Evacuation and community mobilization by Vietnamese Americans and African Americans
The flooding of New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina on 29 August 2005 uncovered critical issues in local, state, and national strategies for emergency preparedness and disaster relief. The Katrina disaster reveals the persistent racial inequality and economic disparities in American society. This paper examines the pre-Katrina socio-spatial configuration of the African-American and Vietnamese-American communities in an eastern New Orlean…
Church-based social capital, networks and geographical scale: Katrina evacuation, relocation, and recovery in a New Orleans Vietnamese American community
Discriminatory Experiences and Depressive Symptoms among African American Women: Do Skin Tone and Mastery Matter
Can A High Sense of Control and John Henryism be Bad for Mental Health
Social stratification profoundly affects mental health. Specifically, substantial empirical evidence finds that higher status promotes mental health via a higher sense of control and a propensity to cope actively with problems. An unresolved issue, though, is whether the effects of sense of control and active coping on mental health are uniformly beneficial across levels of socioeconomic status. Perceived control and John Henryism, an active copi…
African Americans and Physical Health: The Consequences of Self-Esteem and Happiness
This research adds to the literature seeking to clarify the social psychological mechanism through which self-esteem is related to physical health for African Americans. Specifically, this study investigates the relationships among self-esteem, happiness, and physical health limitations for a representative sample of African Americans. Utilizing the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions, these results indicate that the impact of self-este…
Coping with Racial Discrimination: Assessing the Vulnerability of African Americans and the Mediated Moderation of Psychosocial Resources
Research demonstrates that the mental health of African Americans is negatively affected by discrimination, but few studies have investigated the effects of racial discrimination specifically and whether these effects vary by poverty and education levels. Using a sample of 3,372 African Americans from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), we find a positive relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms, with both lifet…
How Racial Identity Moderates the Impact of Financial Stress on Mental Health among African Americans
Financial stress, which is common among African Americans, has been linked to higher psychological distress. This study examines whether racial identity moderates the association of financial stress with depressive symptoms. If so, through what mechanisms does it operate? We investigated these questions in a moderated mediation analysis, using data from the National Survey of American Life ( N = 3,570). Of the two racial identity dimensions exami…
Racial Identity and Well-Being among African Americans
How racial identity influences self-esteem and psychological well-being among African Americans remains unresolved due to unexplained inconsistencies in theoretical predictions and empirical findings. Using data from the National Survey of American Life (N = 3,570), we tested hypotheses derived from social identity theory and the internalized racism perspective. Findings support social identity theory in showing that African Americans strongly id…
Histories of Colorism and Implications for Education
In this article, we consider how colorist ideologies and practices unsettle arguments that celebrate racial gains in education, particularly as related to divides that have narrowed since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Although outcomes based on race may document some general paths of improvement, progress and success can be appreciably uneven across people who are the same race. Even though skin tone is a linchpin of intraraci…
Prevalence and correlates of everyday discrimination among black Caribbeans in the United States: The Impact of Nativity and Country of Origin
To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide an in-depth investigation of everyday discrimination among the black Caribbean population. It provides the frequency, types and correlates of everyday discrimination reported by black Caribbeans in the United States. Understanding the frequency and types of discrimination is important because of the documented negative impacts of everyday discrimination on physical and mental health
Microaggressions, Discrimination, and Phenotype among African Americans: A Latent Class Analysis of the Impact of Skin Tone and BMI
Data from the 2001-2003 National Survey of American Life are used to investigate the effects of phenotype on everyday experiences with discrimination among African Americans (N = 3343). Latent class analysis is used to identify four classes of discriminatory treatment: (1) low levels of discrimination, (2) disrespect and condescension, (3) character-based discrimination, and (4) high levels of discrimination. We then employ latent class multinomi…
Psychology (36 works) · Sociology (31 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (25 works) · Medicine (21 works) · Demography (20 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Gender Studies (15 works) · Demography (14 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (14 works)