Ethan Kutlu
Biographic Data
| ID | 752780 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ethan Kutlu |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ethan |
| FAMILY NAME | Kutlu |
| SIGNATURE | KUTLU E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Iowa |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9096-146X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 15 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 13 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
How endpoint salience and semantic distance shape L2 implicature derivation behavior in gradable adjective scales
Research on scalar implicatures has increasingly highlighted ‘scalar diversity’, showing that pragmatic inferences vary systematically across lexical scales rather than arising uniformly. Two factors pertaining to the semantic structure of adjectives are found to play a particularly influential role: ‘endpoint salience’, where scales with fixed boundaries more readily support implicatures, and ‘semantic distance’, where the further a stronger sca…
Finding our Role: How and why to reframe essentialist approaches to language
How labels shape visuocortical processing in infants
The current study examined the extent to which labels shape visuocortical processing during the first year of life during a brief (~6‐min) associative learning task. Images of computer‐generated artificial objects were paired with either individual‐level (e.g., Jimmy, Boris) or category‐level labels (e.g., Hitchel) while event‐related potentials were recorded in response to the onset of the visual stimulus in 6‐ ( n = 41), 9‐ ( n = 27), and 12‐mo…
Evaluative reactions to minority languages and their varieties: Evidence from new speakers of West Frisian
Little is known about the connection between individuals' evaluative reactions to (i) minority languages as such, and (ii) specific varieties of these minority languages. This study investigates such evaluative reactions amongst new speakers of Frisian in the Netherlands (n = 264). A questionnaire was used to elicit participants' attitudes towards the Frisian language and their evaluations of the specific variety of Frisian they were taught. The …
Promoting Minority Language Use to Foster Revitalisation: Insights From New Speakers of West Frisian
Language planners are increasingly aware of the importance of new speakers (individuals acquiring a language outside the home, typically later-on in life) for the revitalisation of minority languages. Yet, little is known about new speakers’ activation (the process by which they become active and habitual minority language users). This article presents a questionnaire-based investigation of new speakers’ (n = 264) use of West Frisian in Fryslân, …
The development of real-time spoken and written word recognition derives from changes in ability, not maturation
A systems approach to multilingual language attitudes: A case study of Montréal, Québec, Canada
Purpose: People are shaped holistically by dynamic and interrelated individual and social-ecological systems. This perspective has been discussed in the context of varied aspects of bilingual experiences, namely language acquisition and development. Here, we applied a Systems Framework of Bilingualism to language attitudes, which may be especially responsive to social-ecological influences. Methodology: One hundred twenty-three French–English bil…
Bidialectal variety switching: The effects of language use and social contexts
While previous research shows that bilinguals' ability to mix and switch between two separate languages is influenced by both cross-language similarity and language use contexts, little attention has been paid to bidialectal populations. Given the linguistic and sociolinguistic differences between bilingualism and bidialectalism, it is thus unclear to what extent mechanisms underlying bidialectal variety switching resemble those underlying biling…
Multilingual Realities, Monolingual Ideologies: Social Media Representations of Spanish as a Heritage Language in the United States
Little is known about how monolingual ideologies and their effects manifest in online contexts as compared to offline contexts. We conducted a corpus-assisted discourse study to investigate this, with a focus on Twitter representations of Spanish as a heritage language in the USA. We analysed two corpora (one English and one Spanish—over 30 million words), examining frequencies, collocations, concordance lines, and larger text segments. The resul…
Now You See Me, Now You Mishear Me: Raciolinguistic accounts of speech perception in different English varieties
Listeners can access information about a speaker such as age, gender identity, socioeconomic status, and their linguistic background upon hearing their speech. However, it is still not clear if listeners use these factors to assess speakers’ speech. Here, an audio-visual (matched-guise) test is used to measure whether listeners’ accentedness judgments can be modulated depending on the type of face that they see. American and Indian English were u…
The Impact of Race on Speech Perception and Accentedness Judgements in Racially Diverse and Non-diverse Groups
Standard varieties are often perceived as morally superior compared with nonstandard varieties (Hill 2008). Consequently, these differences lead to ideologies that racialize nonstandard varieties (Rosa 2016), and increase the negative stereotypes towards nonstandard varieties (Giles and Watson 2013). One outlet of such stereotypes can be observed with speech intelligibility and accentedness judgements. This study examines whether seeing a White o…
A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Attitudes toward Spanish as a Heritage Language in Florida
Spanish speakers constitute the largest heritage language community in the US. The state of Florida is unusual in that, on one hand, it has one of the highest foreign-born resident rates in the country, most of whom originate from Latin America-but on the other hand, Florida has a comparatively low Spanish language vitality. In this exploratory study of attitudes toward Spanish as a heritage language in Florida, we analyzed two corpora (one Engli…
Where do negative stereotypes come from? The case of Indian English in the USA
Language attitudes inform social stereotyping, which in turn affects linguistic judgments (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick 2007). Nonstandard varieties are particularly subject to negative stereotypes, being evaluated as “less friendly” and “hard to understand” (Giles & Watson 2013). In this study, we investigate attitudes towards Indian English, a variety of English spoken by one of the largest immigrant populations in the USA (approximately 2.4 million),…
Now You See Me, Now You Mishear Me: Raciolinguistic accounts of speech perception in different English varieties
Listeners can access information about a speaker such as age, gender identity, socioeconomic status, and their linguistic background upon hearing their speech. However, it is still not clear if listeners use these factors to assess speakers’ speech. Here, an audio-visual (matched-guise) test is used to measure whether listeners’ accentedness judgments can be modulated depending on the type of face that they see. American and Indian English were u…
A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Attitudes toward Spanish as a Heritage Language in Florida
Spanish speakers constitute the largest heritage language community in the US. The state of Florida is unusual in that, on one hand, it has one of the highest foreign-born resident rates in the country, most of whom originate from Latin America-but on the other hand, Florida has a comparatively low Spanish language vitality. In this exploratory study of attitudes toward Spanish as a heritage language in Florida, we analyzed two corpora (one Engli…
Evaluative reactions to minority languages and their varieties: Evidence from new speakers of West Frisian
Little is known about the connection between individuals' evaluative reactions to (i) minority languages as such, and (ii) specific varieties of these minority languages. This study investigates such evaluative reactions amongst new speakers of Frisian in the Netherlands (n = 264). A questionnaire was used to elicit participants' attitudes towards the Frisian language and their evaluations of the specific variety of Frisian they were taught. The …
Where do negative stereotypes come from? The case of Indian English in the USA
Language attitudes inform social stereotyping, which in turn affects linguistic judgments (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick 2007). Nonstandard varieties are particularly subject to negative stereotypes, being evaluated as “less friendly” and “hard to understand” (Giles & Watson 2013). In this study, we investigate attitudes towards Indian English, a variety of English spoken by one of the largest immigrant populations in the USA (approximately 2.4 million),…
A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Attitudes toward Spanish as a Heritage Language in Florida
Spanish speakers constitute the largest heritage language community in the US. The state of Florida is unusual in that, on one hand, it has one of the highest foreign-born resident rates in the country, most of whom originate from Latin America-but on the other hand, Florida has a comparatively low Spanish language vitality. In this exploratory study of attitudes toward Spanish as a heritage language in Florida, we analyzed two corpora (one Engli…
The Impact of Race on Speech Perception and Accentedness Judgements in Racially Diverse and Non-diverse Groups
Standard varieties are often perceived as morally superior compared with nonstandard varieties (Hill 2008). Consequently, these differences lead to ideologies that racialize nonstandard varieties (Rosa 2016), and increase the negative stereotypes towards nonstandard varieties (Giles and Watson 2013). One outlet of such stereotypes can be observed with speech intelligibility and accentedness judgements. This study examines whether seeing a White o…
Multilingual Realities, Monolingual Ideologies: Social Media Representations of Spanish as a Heritage Language in the United States
Little is known about how monolingual ideologies and their effects manifest in online contexts as compared to offline contexts. We conducted a corpus-assisted discourse study to investigate this, with a focus on Twitter representations of Spanish as a heritage language in the USA. We analysed two corpora (one English and one Spanish—over 30 million words), examining frequencies, collocations, concordance lines, and larger text segments. The resul…
Now You See Me, Now You Mishear Me: Raciolinguistic accounts of speech perception in different English varieties
Listeners can access information about a speaker such as age, gender identity, socioeconomic status, and their linguistic background upon hearing their speech. However, it is still not clear if listeners use these factors to assess speakers’ speech. Here, an audio-visual (matched-guise) test is used to measure whether listeners’ accentedness judgments can be modulated depending on the type of face that they see. American and Indian English were u…
Promoting Minority Language Use to Foster Revitalisation: Insights From New Speakers of West Frisian
Language planners are increasingly aware of the importance of new speakers (individuals acquiring a language outside the home, typically later-on in life) for the revitalisation of minority languages. Yet, little is known about new speakers’ activation (the process by which they become active and habitual minority language users). This article presents a questionnaire-based investigation of new speakers’ (n = 264) use of West Frisian in Fryslân, …
The development of real-time spoken and written word recognition derives from changes in ability, not maturation
A systems approach to multilingual language attitudes: A case study of Montréal, Québec, Canada
Purpose: People are shaped holistically by dynamic and interrelated individual and social-ecological systems. This perspective has been discussed in the context of varied aspects of bilingual experiences, namely language acquisition and development. Here, we applied a Systems Framework of Bilingualism to language attitudes, which may be especially responsive to social-ecological influences. Methodology: One hundred twenty-three French–English bil…
Bidialectal variety switching: The effects of language use and social contexts
While previous research shows that bilinguals' ability to mix and switch between two separate languages is influenced by both cross-language similarity and language use contexts, little attention has been paid to bidialectal populations. Given the linguistic and sociolinguistic differences between bilingualism and bidialectalism, it is thus unclear to what extent mechanisms underlying bidialectal variety switching resemble those underlying biling…
How labels shape visuocortical processing in infants
The current study examined the extent to which labels shape visuocortical processing during the first year of life during a brief (~6‐min) associative learning task. Images of computer‐generated artificial objects were paired with either individual‐level (e.g., Jimmy, Boris) or category‐level labels (e.g., Hitchel) while event‐related potentials were recorded in response to the onset of the visual stimulus in 6‐ ( n = 41), 9‐ ( n = 27), and 12‐mo…
Evaluative reactions to minority languages and their varieties: Evidence from new speakers of West Frisian
Little is known about the connection between individuals' evaluative reactions to (i) minority languages as such, and (ii) specific varieties of these minority languages. This study investigates such evaluative reactions amongst new speakers of Frisian in the Netherlands (n = 264). A questionnaire was used to elicit participants' attitudes towards the Frisian language and their evaluations of the specific variety of Frisian they were taught. The …
How endpoint salience and semantic distance shape L2 implicature derivation behavior in gradable adjective scales
Research on scalar implicatures has increasingly highlighted ‘scalar diversity’, showing that pragmatic inferences vary systematically across lexical scales rather than arising uniformly. Two factors pertaining to the semantic structure of adjectives are found to play a particularly influential role: ‘endpoint salience’, where scales with fixed boundaries more readily support implicatures, and ‘semantic distance’, where the further a stronger sca…
Finding our Role: How and why to reframe essentialist approaches to language
Linguistics (10 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Multilingual Education and Policy (9 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Philosophy (5 works) · Cognitive psychology (3 works) · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies (3 works) · Perception (3 works) · Political science (3 works)