Fred R Eckman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 753105 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Fred R Eckman |
| PRENOMES | Fred R |
| SOBRENOME | Eckman |
| ASSINATURA | ECKMAN F R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 19 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 197 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 19 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
The relationship between L2 learners’ production and perception of English vowels
Despite the abundance of research on the relationship between second language (L2) learners’ production and perception of target-language contrasts, the nature and details of this connection remain unclear. The aim of this study was to extend our understanding of the relationship by investigating whether learners who can produce L2 vowels with the same acoustic properties as those used by native speakers of the target language also perceive the v…
Using ultrasound tongue imaging to study covert contrasts in second-language learners’ acquisition of English vowels
Research attempting to understand the intermediate stages of first-language acquisition and disordered speech has led to the discovery of covert contrast. A covert contrast is a statistically reliable difference between phonemes that is produced by a language learner, but in a way that cannot be heard readily by a listener of the target language. In the present study, we aimed to extend the investigation of covert contrasts to the domain of secon…
The role of hypercorrection in the acquisition of L2 phonemic contrasts
This article reports empirical findings from an ongoing investigation into the acquisition of second-language (L2) phonemic contrasts. Specifically, we consider the status and role of the phenomenon of hypercorrection in the various stages through which L2 learners develop and internalize a target language (TL) contrast. We adopt the prevailing view in both sociolinguistics and second language acquisition studies that hypercorrection results from…
Generative Second Language Phonology
Generative second language (L2) phonology attempts to characterize the underlying mental system used by adult language learners to produce and perceive L2 pronunciation patterns. This entry covers the historical context and the objectives of research programs in generative L2 phonology, describing some of the field's major findings over the past several decades.
Author’s response
Universals, innateness and explanation in second language acquisition
This paper considers the question of explanation in second language acquisition within the context of two approaches to universals, Universal Grammar and language typology. After briefly discussing the logic of explaining facts by including them under general laws (Hempel & Oppenheim 1948), the paper makes a case for the typological approach to explanation being the more fruitful, in that it allows more readily for the possibility of ‘explanatory…
Some principles of second language phonology
The research we report here is intended to build an understanding of several well-known yet poorly comprehended problems relating to phonemic contrasts in the learning of L2 pronunciation. The competing influences of similarity and difference between native and target language sound systems, in particular, are central to this understanding, which we believe show that L2 phonology is a highly abstract enterprise parallel to the phonologies of prim…
Second Language Acquisition Theory and Pedagogy
Second Language Acquisition Theory and Pedagogy
On evaluating arguments for special nativism in second language acquisition theory
This article attempts to evaluate several arguments that have been put forth in favour of special nativism in SLA. Specifically, the cases for each of the following claims are considered: 1) that Universal Grammar (UG) being implicated in L2 acquisition is the null hypothesis; 2) that any theory of SLA necessarily needs a theory of grammar; and 3) that showing that interlanguage grammars are underdetermined by the available input implies that UG …
Sonority and markedness among onset clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners
This paper is intended as a contribution to an evergrowing body of literature on the role played by principles and parameters of Universal Grammar in second-language acquisition theory. A recent paper by Broselow and Finer (1991) proposes that markedness as defined in terms of the multivalued Minimal Sonority Distance (MSD) parameter is definitive in their subjects' knowledge of certain consonant clusters in syllable onsets. This parameter provid…
Implicational Universals and Interrogative Structures in the Interlanguage of ESL Learners
The validity of two implicational universals regarding constituent order in questions is tested in the English speech of 14 native speakers of Japanese, Korean, and Turkish. The interlanguage evidence is found to be generally supportive of the two universals. Some fundamental methodological problems are discussed which are attendant upon testing universals not only in interlanguages but in linguistic systems of any kind
Exchange the Importance of the Nl and Tl in Interlanguage Phonology
On the Naturalness of Interlanguage Phonological Rules1
Two interesting questions which are raised by the interlanguage (IL) hypothesis are (1) to what extent are ILs independent of the native language (NL) and the target language (TL), and (2) d o the grammars of 1Ls contain the same type of rules a s the grammars of other languages.To address these questions, data were gathered from two native speakers of Spanish and two native speakers of Mandarin, all of whom were learning English as a second lang…
On the Ordering of Verbal Prefixes and Particles
Preview this article: On the Ordering of Verbal Prefixes and Particles, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/sl.4.1.04eck-1.gif
The Pidginization Process
Some substantive universals in atomic phonology
Markedness and the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
The purpose of this paper is to propose that the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH) should be revised to incorporate a notion of degree of difficulty. This notion corresponds to typological markedness which can be determined independently of any particular language and independently of the facts concerning second language acquisition. Moreover, it is argued that if typological markedness is incorporated into the CAH, it is possible to predict …
Optional Rules and Inclusion Relations
Markedness and the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
The purpose of this paper is to propose that the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH) should be revised to incorporate a notion of degree of difficulty. This notion corresponds to typological markedness which can be determined independently of any particular language and independently of the facts concerning second language acquisition. Moreover, it is argued that if typological markedness is incorporated into the CAH, it is possible to predict …
Second Language Acquisition Theory and Pedagogy
On the Naturalness of Interlanguage Phonological Rules1
Two interesting questions which are raised by the interlanguage (IL) hypothesis are (1) to what extent are ILs independent of the native language (NL) and the target language (TL), and (2) d o the grammars of 1Ls contain the same type of rules a s the grammars of other languages.To address these questions, data were gathered from two native speakers of Spanish and two native speakers of Mandarin, all of whom were learning English as a second lang…
Sonority and markedness among onset clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners
This paper is intended as a contribution to an evergrowing body of literature on the role played by principles and parameters of Universal Grammar in second-language acquisition theory. A recent paper by Broselow and Finer (1991) proposes that markedness as defined in terms of the multivalued Minimal Sonority Distance (MSD) parameter is definitive in their subjects' knowledge of certain consonant clusters in syllable onsets. This parameter provid…
Some substantive universals in atomic phonology
Some principles of second language phonology
The research we report here is intended to build an understanding of several well-known yet poorly comprehended problems relating to phonemic contrasts in the learning of L2 pronunciation. The competing influences of similarity and difference between native and target language sound systems, in particular, are central to this understanding, which we believe show that L2 phonology is a highly abstract enterprise parallel to the phonologies of prim…
Implicational Universals and Interrogative Structures in the Interlanguage of ESL Learners
The validity of two implicational universals regarding constituent order in questions is tested in the English speech of 14 native speakers of Japanese, Korean, and Turkish. The interlanguage evidence is found to be generally supportive of the two universals. Some fundamental methodological problems are discussed which are attendant upon testing universals not only in interlanguages but in linguistic systems of any kind
The role of hypercorrection in the acquisition of L2 phonemic contrasts
This article reports empirical findings from an ongoing investigation into the acquisition of second-language (L2) phonemic contrasts. Specifically, we consider the status and role of the phenomenon of hypercorrection in the various stages through which L2 learners develop and internalize a target language (TL) contrast. We adopt the prevailing view in both sociolinguistics and second language acquisition studies that hypercorrection results from…
The Pidginization Process
Optional Rules and Inclusion Relations
Markedness and the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
The purpose of this paper is to propose that the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH) should be revised to incorporate a notion of degree of difficulty. This notion corresponds to typological markedness which can be determined independently of any particular language and independently of the facts concerning second language acquisition. Moreover, it is argued that if typological markedness is incorporated into the CAH, it is possible to predict …
Some substantive universals in atomic phonology
On the Ordering of Verbal Prefixes and Particles
Preview this article: On the Ordering of Verbal Prefixes and Particles, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/sl.4.1.04eck-1.gif
The Pidginization Process
On the Naturalness of Interlanguage Phonological Rules1
Two interesting questions which are raised by the interlanguage (IL) hypothesis are (1) to what extent are ILs independent of the native language (NL) and the target language (TL), and (2) d o the grammars of 1Ls contain the same type of rules a s the grammars of other languages.To address these questions, data were gathered from two native speakers of Spanish and two native speakers of Mandarin, all of whom were learning English as a second lang…
Exchange the Importance of the Nl and Tl in Interlanguage Phonology
Implicational Universals and Interrogative Structures in the Interlanguage of ESL Learners
The validity of two implicational universals regarding constituent order in questions is tested in the English speech of 14 native speakers of Japanese, Korean, and Turkish. The interlanguage evidence is found to be generally supportive of the two universals. Some fundamental methodological problems are discussed which are attendant upon testing universals not only in interlanguages but in linguistic systems of any kind
Sonority and markedness among onset clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners
This paper is intended as a contribution to an evergrowing body of literature on the role played by principles and parameters of Universal Grammar in second-language acquisition theory. A recent paper by Broselow and Finer (1991) proposes that markedness as defined in terms of the multivalued Minimal Sonority Distance (MSD) parameter is definitive in their subjects' knowledge of certain consonant clusters in syllable onsets. This parameter provid…
On evaluating arguments for special nativism in second language acquisition theory
This article attempts to evaluate several arguments that have been put forth in favour of special nativism in SLA. Specifically, the cases for each of the following claims are considered: 1) that Universal Grammar (UG) being implicated in L2 acquisition is the null hypothesis; 2) that any theory of SLA necessarily needs a theory of grammar; and 3) that showing that interlanguage grammars are underdetermined by the available input implies that UG …
Second Language Acquisition Theory and Pedagogy
Second Language Acquisition Theory and Pedagogy
Some principles of second language phonology
The research we report here is intended to build an understanding of several well-known yet poorly comprehended problems relating to phonemic contrasts in the learning of L2 pronunciation. The competing influences of similarity and difference between native and target language sound systems, in particular, are central to this understanding, which we believe show that L2 phonology is a highly abstract enterprise parallel to the phonologies of prim…
Author’s response
Universals, innateness and explanation in second language acquisition
This paper considers the question of explanation in second language acquisition within the context of two approaches to universals, Universal Grammar and language typology. After briefly discussing the logic of explaining facts by including them under general laws (Hempel & Oppenheim 1948), the paper makes a case for the typological approach to explanation being the more fruitful, in that it allows more readily for the possibility of ‘explanatory…
Generative Second Language Phonology
Generative second language (L2) phonology attempts to characterize the underlying mental system used by adult language learners to produce and perceive L2 pronunciation patterns. This entry covers the historical context and the objectives of research programs in generative L2 phonology, describing some of the field's major findings over the past several decades.
The role of hypercorrection in the acquisition of L2 phonemic contrasts
This article reports empirical findings from an ongoing investigation into the acquisition of second-language (L2) phonemic contrasts. Specifically, we consider the status and role of the phenomenon of hypercorrection in the various stages through which L2 learners develop and internalize a target language (TL) contrast. We adopt the prevailing view in both sociolinguistics and second language acquisition studies that hypercorrection results from…
Using ultrasound tongue imaging to study covert contrasts in second-language learners’ acquisition of English vowels
Research attempting to understand the intermediate stages of first-language acquisition and disordered speech has led to the discovery of covert contrast. A covert contrast is a statistically reliable difference between phonemes that is produced by a language learner, but in a way that cannot be heard readily by a listener of the target language. In the present study, we aimed to extend the investigation of covert contrasts to the domain of secon…
The relationship between L2 learners’ production and perception of English vowels
Despite the abundance of research on the relationship between second language (L2) learners’ production and perception of target-language contrasts, the nature and details of this connection remain unclear. The aim of this study was to extend our understanding of the relationship by investigating whether learners who can produce L2 vowels with the same acoustic properties as those used by native speakers of the target language also perceive the v…
Linguistics (15 obras) · Psychology (14 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Philosophy (10 obras) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (8 obras) · Multilingual Education and Policy (6 obras) · Phonology (6 obras) · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning (5 obras) · Interlanguage (5 obras) · Second-language acquisition (5 obras)