Martin Patchen
Biographic Data
| ID | 75478 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Martin Patchen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Martin |
| FAMILY NAME | Patchen |
| SIGNATURE | PATCHEN M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Purdue University West Lafayette |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 112 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1958 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The Wars Within: Peoples and States in Conflict
Comparative reciprocity during the Cold War
Several previous studies suggest that a model of comparative reciprocity, which postulates that actors change their behaviors based on a comparison of the recent behaviors of the two sides, is more useful than a model of simple reciprocity for understanding interactions between rivals. This study examines U.S.-Soviet interactions during the Cold War. By indicating that comparative reciprocity often operates both with respect to comparatively coop…
Testing Alternative Models of Reciprocity Against Interaction During the Cold War
Three models of reciprocity–simple, trend, and comparative–are applied to events data which describe interaction between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The comparative reciprocity model–which predicts that change in each actor's behavior will be based on prior differences in the rivals' actions–received the greatest, although limited, support. There was little agreement in the results of the three reciprocity models f…
Conflict and cooperation in American‐Soviet relations: What have we learned from quantitative research
This paper reviews quantitative (primarily events data) research on the interaction between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cooperative actions appear to be primarily a reaction to the rival's behavior while conflic‐tual actions appear to be primarily a continuation of each nation's own past behavior. The principle of reciprocity appears to generally govern interactions but there are significant deviations from reciprocity. Each superpowe…
Resolving Disputes Between Nations: Coercion or Conciliation
When Does Threat Work in Relations Between Nations
This article attempts to summarise and integrate what we know about the effects of threat. The factors on which the success of threat depends are examined together with situations involving threat which might provoke an adversary to a coercive response. Ways of minimising the provocative effects of threat are discussed and the author suggests that to avoid unwanted consequences threats need to be made in a way that signals that they do not reflec…
The Escalation of Inter-Nation Conflicts
Nations engaged in a dispute may escalate their use of coercion in order to raise the costs of the fight to the other side and gain concessions. As a fight continues, escalation is made more probable by changes in the motivation and the expectations of the participants. The goals of each participant may expand and winning the dispute may become more important than it was initially. Each may come to expect the other to increase its coercion beyond…
Strategies for Eliciting Cooperation from an Adversary: Laboratory and Internation Findings
Experimental, computer-simulation, and inter-nation studies concerning effective strategies for eliciting cooperation from an adversary are reviewed. The laboratory and inter-nation studies are consistent in indicating that a policy of general reciprocity, combined with the use of unilateral cooperative initiatives to break out of lock-ins on mutual competition, generally is effective in gaining an adversary's cooperation. The conditions under wh…
When Do Arms Buildups Lead to Deterrence and When to War
Black-White Contact in Schools: Its Social and Economic Effects
Making Desegregation Work: How Schools Create Social Climates . Robert L. Crain , Rita E. Mahard , Ruth E. Narot
A Major Step Forward in Desegregation Research
Black-White contact in schools: Its Social and Academic Effects
Academic Performance of Black High School Students under Different Conditions of Contact with White Peers
Martin Patchen, Gerhard Hofmann, William R. Brown, Academic Performance of Black High School Students under Different Conditions of Contact with White Peers, Sociology of Education, Vol. 53, No. 1 (Jan., 1980), pp. 33-51
Determinants of Students' Interracial Behavior and Opinion Change
cal well-being and body image. Research Quarterly 46 (May): 191-199. Snyder, E. E., J. E. Kivlin, and E. Spreitzer. 1975 female athlete: Analysis of objective and subjective role conflict. Pp. 165-180 in D. Landers (ed.), Psychology of Sport and Motor Behavior. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University. Snyder, E. E., E. Spreitzer, and J. E. Kivlin. 1975 Attitudes toward Female Participation in Sport. Paper presented at the British Socie…
Interracial Perceptions Among High School Students
This report is, concerned with the effects which varying types of interracial experiences' have on the academic perforiance, aspirations, and racial opinions of studedts. At the same time, it considers the relationships between these outcomes and a variety of factors other than interracial experiences. The study wad conducted ia all of the public high schools of Indianapolis, Indiana. Data were obtained by questconnaire and from school records on…
Participation, Achievement, and Involvement on the Job
Participation, achievement, and involvement on the job.
Discussions and Reviews: Models of cooperation and conflict: a critical review
The Task-Tuned Organization of Groups
The Study of Policy Formation
Decision theory in the study of national action: Problems and a Proposal
A theoretical analysis of national decision- making and intemation influence in terms of decision theory has been made recently by several political scientists, including Singer (1963), Glenn Snyder (1960), and Russett (1963).In fact, theoretical analysis in the language of decision theory seems increasingly widespread among political scientists and other social scientists concerned with international affairs.This paper discusses a number of diff…
The Choice of Wage Comparisons
Alternative Questionnaire Approaches to the Measurement of Influence in Organizations
Employees in a manufacturing company and in a set of auto dealerships were asked to make global judgments about the distribution of influence in their organizations; they were also asked about influence in specific decision areas. An index based on reports of influence in specific areas shows better reliability among non-supervisory respondents than does the global influence measure. There is, however, poor agreement across organizational levels …
A Conceptual Framework and Some Empirical Data Regarding Comparisons of Social Rewards
Participation, achievement, and involvement on the job.
Strategies for Eliciting Cooperation from an Adversary: Laboratory and Internation Findings
Experimental, computer-simulation, and inter-nation studies concerning effective strategies for eliciting cooperation from an adversary are reviewed. The laboratory and inter-nation studies are consistent in indicating that a policy of general reciprocity, combined with the use of unilateral cooperative initiatives to break out of lock-ins on mutual competition, generally is effective in gaining an adversary's cooperation. The conditions under wh…
A Conceptual Framework and Some Empirical Data Regarding Comparisons of Social Rewards
Interracial Perceptions Among High School Students
This report is, concerned with the effects which varying types of interracial experiences' have on the academic perforiance, aspirations, and racial opinions of studedts. At the same time, it considers the relationships between these outcomes and a variety of factors other than interracial experiences. The study wad conducted ia all of the public high schools of Indianapolis, Indiana. Data were obtained by questconnaire and from school records on…
Determinants of Students' Interracial Behavior and Opinion Change
cal well-being and body image. Research Quarterly 46 (May): 191-199. Snyder, E. E., J. E. Kivlin, and E. Spreitzer. 1975 female athlete: Analysis of objective and subjective role conflict. Pp. 165-180 in D. Landers (ed.), Psychology of Sport and Motor Behavior. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University. Snyder, E. E., E. Spreitzer, and J. E. Kivlin. 1975 Attitudes toward Female Participation in Sport. Paper presented at the British Socie…
Conflict and cooperation in American‐Soviet relations: What have we learned from quantitative research
This paper reviews quantitative (primarily events data) research on the interaction between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cooperative actions appear to be primarily a reaction to the rival's behavior while conflic‐tual actions appear to be primarily a continuation of each nation's own past behavior. The principle of reciprocity appears to generally govern interactions but there are significant deviations from reciprocity. Each superpowe…
Alternative Questionnaire Approaches to the Measurement of Influence in Organizations
Employees in a manufacturing company and in a set of auto dealerships were asked to make global judgments about the distribution of influence in their organizations; they were also asked about influence in specific decision areas. An index based on reports of influence in specific areas shows better reliability among non-supervisory respondents than does the global influence measure. There is, however, poor agreement across organizational levels …
Identification and changes in prejudice and in authoritarianism
The Effect of Reference Group Standards on Job Satisfactions
Testing Alternative Models of Reciprocity Against Interaction During the Cold War
Three models of reciprocity–simple, trend, and comparative–are applied to events data which describe interaction between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The comparative reciprocity model–which predicts that change in each actor's behavior will be based on prior differences in the rivals' actions–received the greatest, although limited, support. There was little agreement in the results of the three reciprocity models f…
Decision theory in the study of national action: Problems and a Proposal
A theoretical analysis of national decision- making and intemation influence in terms of decision theory has been made recently by several political scientists, including Singer (1963), Glenn Snyder (1960), and Russett (1963).In fact, theoretical analysis in the language of decision theory seems increasingly widespread among political scientists and other social scientists concerned with international affairs.This paper discusses a number of diff…
The Wars Within: Peoples and States in Conflict
Comparative reciprocity during the Cold War
Several previous studies suggest that a model of comparative reciprocity, which postulates that actors change their behaviors based on a comparison of the recent behaviors of the two sides, is more useful than a model of simple reciprocity for understanding interactions between rivals. This study examines U.S.-Soviet interactions during the Cold War. By indicating that comparative reciprocity often operates both with respect to comparatively coop…
The Escalation of Inter-Nation Conflicts
Nations engaged in a dispute may escalate their use of coercion in order to raise the costs of the fight to the other side and gain concessions. As a fight continues, escalation is made more probable by changes in the motivation and the expectations of the participants. The goals of each participant may expand and winning the dispute may become more important than it was initially. Each may come to expect the other to increase its coercion beyond…
Academic Performance of Black High School Students under Different Conditions of Contact with White Peers
Martin Patchen, Gerhard Hofmann, William R. Brown, Academic Performance of Black High School Students under Different Conditions of Contact with White Peers, Sociology of Education, Vol. 53, No. 1 (Jan., 1980), pp. 33-51
The Effect of Reference Group Standards on Job Satisfactions
A Conceptual Framework and Some Empirical Data Regarding Comparisons of Social Rewards
Identification and changes in prejudice and in authoritarianism
The Choice of Wage Comparisons
Alternative Questionnaire Approaches to the Measurement of Influence in Organizations
Employees in a manufacturing company and in a set of auto dealerships were asked to make global judgments about the distribution of influence in their organizations; they were also asked about influence in specific decision areas. An index based on reports of influence in specific areas shows better reliability among non-supervisory respondents than does the global influence measure. There is, however, poor agreement across organizational levels …
Decision theory in the study of national action: Problems and a Proposal
A theoretical analysis of national decision- making and intemation influence in terms of decision theory has been made recently by several political scientists, including Singer (1963), Glenn Snyder (1960), and Russett (1963).In fact, theoretical analysis in the language of decision theory seems increasingly widespread among political scientists and other social scientists concerned with international affairs.This paper discusses a number of diff…
The Study of Policy Formation
Participation, achievement, and involvement on the job.
Discussions and Reviews: Models of cooperation and conflict: a critical review
The Task-Tuned Organization of Groups
Participation, Achievement, and Involvement on the Job
Interracial Perceptions Among High School Students
This report is, concerned with the effects which varying types of interracial experiences' have on the academic perforiance, aspirations, and racial opinions of studedts. At the same time, it considers the relationships between these outcomes and a variety of factors other than interracial experiences. The study wad conducted ia all of the public high schools of Indianapolis, Indiana. Data were obtained by questconnaire and from school records on…
Determinants of Students' Interracial Behavior and Opinion Change
cal well-being and body image. Research Quarterly 46 (May): 191-199. Snyder, E. E., J. E. Kivlin, and E. Spreitzer. 1975 female athlete: Analysis of objective and subjective role conflict. Pp. 165-180 in D. Landers (ed.), Psychology of Sport and Motor Behavior. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University. Snyder, E. E., E. Spreitzer, and J. E. Kivlin. 1975 Attitudes toward Female Participation in Sport. Paper presented at the British Socie…
Academic Performance of Black High School Students under Different Conditions of Contact with White Peers
Martin Patchen, Gerhard Hofmann, William R. Brown, Academic Performance of Black High School Students under Different Conditions of Contact with White Peers, Sociology of Education, Vol. 53, No. 1 (Jan., 1980), pp. 33-51
Black-White contact in schools: Its Social and Academic Effects
Making Desegregation Work: How Schools Create Social Climates . Robert L. Crain , Rita E. Mahard , Ruth E. Narot
A Major Step Forward in Desegregation Research
Black-White Contact in Schools: Its Social and Economic Effects
When Do Arms Buildups Lead to Deterrence and When to War
When Does Threat Work in Relations Between Nations
This article attempts to summarise and integrate what we know about the effects of threat. The factors on which the success of threat depends are examined together with situations involving threat which might provoke an adversary to a coercive response. Ways of minimising the provocative effects of threat are discussed and the author suggests that to avoid unwanted consequences threats need to be made in a way that signals that they do not reflec…
The Escalation of Inter-Nation Conflicts
Nations engaged in a dispute may escalate their use of coercion in order to raise the costs of the fight to the other side and gain concessions. As a fight continues, escalation is made more probable by changes in the motivation and the expectations of the participants. The goals of each participant may expand and winning the dispute may become more important than it was initially. Each may come to expect the other to increase its coercion beyond…
Strategies for Eliciting Cooperation from an Adversary: Laboratory and Internation Findings
Experimental, computer-simulation, and inter-nation studies concerning effective strategies for eliciting cooperation from an adversary are reviewed. The laboratory and inter-nation studies are consistent in indicating that a policy of general reciprocity, combined with the use of unilateral cooperative initiatives to break out of lock-ins on mutual competition, generally is effective in gaining an adversary's cooperation. The conditions under wh…
Resolving Disputes Between Nations: Coercion or Conciliation
Conflict and cooperation in American‐Soviet relations: What have we learned from quantitative research
This paper reviews quantitative (primarily events data) research on the interaction between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cooperative actions appear to be primarily a reaction to the rival's behavior while conflic‐tual actions appear to be primarily a continuation of each nation's own past behavior. The principle of reciprocity appears to generally govern interactions but there are significant deviations from reciprocity. Each superpowe…
Testing Alternative Models of Reciprocity Against Interaction During the Cold War
Three models of reciprocity–simple, trend, and comparative–are applied to events data which describe interaction between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The comparative reciprocity model–which predicts that change in each actor's behavior will be based on prior differences in the rivals' actions–received the greatest, although limited, support. There was little agreement in the results of the three reciprocity models f…
Psychology (17 works) · Political science (16 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Economics (11 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Law (7 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Law (6 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Engineering (5 works)