Mark R Cullen
Biographic Data
| ID | 75516 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mark R Cullen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mark R |
| FAMILY NAME | Cullen |
| SIGNATURE | CULLEN M R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7996-1864 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 24 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
The Interaction of Racial-Ethnic and Economic Concentration and its Association with Premature Mortality in U.S. Neighborhoods
Global Health Needs Modernized Containment Strategies to Prepare for the Next Pandemic
COVID-19 continues to be a public health crisis, while severely impacting global financial markets causing significant economic and social hardship. As with any emerging disease, pharmaceutical interventions required time, emphasizing the initial and continuing need for non-pharmaceutical interventions. We highlight the role of anthropological and historical perspectives to inform approaches to non-pharmaceutical interventions for future prepared…
Population health science as a unifying foundation for translational clinical and public health research
Separated both in academics and practice since the Rockefeller Foundation effort to “liberate” public health from perceived subservience to clinical medicine a century ago, research in public health and clinical medicine have evolved separately. Today, translational research in population health science offers a means of fostering their convergence, with potentially great benefit to both domains. Although evidence that the two fields need not and…
Association of collective attitudes and contraceptive practice in nine sub-Saharan African countries
BACKGROUND: There is ample evidence that gender norms affect contraceptive practice; however, data are mostly qualitative with limited geographical scope. We investigated that association quantitatively using collective community-level attitudes towards premarital sex and wife-beating as proxies for gender norms. METHODS: Data came from nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (2005-2009) for women of reproductive age (15-49 years…
Gender norms and health
Layoffs and the mental health and safety of remaining workers
BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have examined the effects of layoffs on remaining workers, although the effects of layoffs and downsizing events may extend beyond those employees who lose their jobs. METHODS: We examined the effects of layoffs on mental healthcare utilisation and injury risk among workers at 30 US plants between 2003 and 2013. We defined layoffs as reductions in the hourly workforce of 20% or more at each plant. Using a differ…
Patient and provider perspectives on the development of personalized medicine
The weaker sex? Vulnerable men and women’s resilience to socio-economic disadvantage
Sex differences in mortality vary over time and place as a function of social, health, and medical circumstances. The magnitude of these variations, and their response to large socioeconomic changes, suggest that biological differences cannot fully account for sex differences in survival. Drawing on a wide swath of mortality data across countries and over time, we develop a set of empiric observations with which any theory about excess male morta…
Predicting later life health status and mortality using state-level socioeconomic characteristics in early life
Studies extending across multiple life stages promote an understanding of factors influencing health across the life span. Existing work has largely focused on individual-level rather than area-level early life determinants of health. In this study, we linked multiple data sets to examine whether early life state-level characteristics were predictive of health and mortality decades later. The sample included 143,755 U.S. employees, for whom work …
The Geographic Distribution of Genetic Risk as Compared to Social Risk for Chronic Diseases in the United States
There is an association between chronic disease and geography, and there is evidence that the environment plays a critical role in this relationship. Yet at the same time, there is known to be substantial geographic variation by ancestry across the United States. Resulting geographic genetic variation-that is, the extent to which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to chronic disease vary spatially-could thus drive some part of the ass…
Moral Hazard in Health Insurance
Using data from employer-provided health insurance and Medicare Part D, we investigate whether healthcare utilization responds to the dynamic incentives created by the nonlinear nature of health insurance contracts. We exploit the fact that, because annual coverage usually resets every January, individuals who join a plan later in the year face the same initial ("spot") price of healthcare but a higher expected end-of-year ("future") price. We fi…
Linking individual medicare health claims data with work-life claims and other administrative data
Combining these data allows for evaluation of continuous health trajectories, as well as modeling later-life health as a function of work-life behaviors and exposures. It also provides a potential endpoint for occupational health research. This is the first harmonization of its kind, providing a proof-of-concept. The dataset created by this integration could be useful for research in areas such as social epidemiology and occupational health
Early-Life State-of-Residence Characteristics and Later Life Hypertension, Diabetes, and Ischemic Heart Disease
Objectives. We examined how state characteristics in early life are associated with individual chronic disease later in life. Methods. We assessed early-life state of residence using the first 3 digits of social security numbers from blue- and white-collar workers from a US manufacturing company. Longitudinal data were available from 1997 to 2012, with 305 936 person-years of observation. Disease was assessed using medical claims. We modeled asso…
Psychological Well-Being During the Great Recession
Objectives. We examined the mental health effects of the Great Recession of 2008 to 2009 on workers who remained continuously employed and insured. Methods. We examined utilization trends for mental health services and medications during 2007 to 2012 among a panel of workers in the 25 largest plants, located in 15 states, of a US manufacturing firm. We used piecewise regression to compare trends from 2007 to 2010 in service and medication use bef…
High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a community survey of urban Bangladeshis
BACKGROUND: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) will rise in parallel with the growing prevalence of type two diabetes mellitus in South Asia but is understudied. Using a cross-sectional survey of adults living in a middle-income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, we tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of CKD in this group would approach that of the U.S. and would be strongly associated with insulin resistance. METHODS: We enrolled 4…
Associations between employee and manager gender
Prior findings suggest that female manufacturing employees are at higher risk for acute injury compared to males; this analysis suggests that this relationship is not affected by the gender of the employee's manager(s)
High prevalence of type 2 diabetes among the urban middle class in Bangladesh
The prevalence of type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome among the middle class in Dhaka is alarmingly high. Screening services should be implemented while researchers focus on strategies to lessen the incidence and morbidity associated with these conditions
Job insecurity during recessions
Salaried workers at plants with high layoffs experienced more work stress after 2009 than their counterparts at non-high layoff plants. Increased work stress is important to monitor and may be a mediating pathway through which the external economic environment leads to adverse health outcomes
Further validation that claims data are a useful tool for epidemiologic research on hypertension
The medical service claims data were found to be highly specific, while sensitivity values varied by claims algorithm suggesting the possibility of under-ascertainment. Our analysis further demonstrates that such under-ascertainment is strongly skewed toward those cases that would be considered clinically borderline or mild
Health consequences of the 'Great Recession' on the employed
Hearing effects from intermittent and continuous noise exposure in a study of Korean factory workers and firefighters
Korean work environments with continuous noise exposure in the measured range should consider implementation of a hearing conservation program. Further evaluation of hearing loss in workers exposed to irregular or intermittent high noise levels, such as firefighters, is also warranted
Work and its role in shaping the social gradient in health
Adults with better jobs enjoy better health: job title was, in fact, the social gradient metric first used to study the relationship between social class and chronic disease etiology, a core finding now replicated in most developed countries. What has been less well proved is whether this correlation is causal , and if so, through what mechanisms. During the past decade, much research has been directed at these issues. Best evidence in 2009 sugge…
Long-term follow-up of beryllium sensitized workers from a single employer
The clinical outlook remains favorable for beryllium-sensitized individuals over the first 5-12 years. However, declines in DLCO may presage further and more serious clinical manifestations in the future. These conclusions are tempered by the possibility of selection bias and other study limitations
Workplace status and risk of hypertension among hourly and salaried aluminum manufacturing employees
Asbestos-Related Cancer and the Amphibole Hypothesis
Asbestos-Related Cancer and the Amphibole Hypothesis: 5. Cullen Responds 5. Cullen Responds Mark R. Cullen B T Mossman, and J B GeeCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.4.690 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Health consequences of the 'Great Recession' on the employed
Psychological Well-Being During the Great Recession
Objectives. We examined the mental health effects of the Great Recession of 2008 to 2009 on workers who remained continuously employed and insured. Methods. We examined utilization trends for mental health services and medications during 2007 to 2012 among a panel of workers in the 25 largest plants, located in 15 states, of a US manufacturing firm. We used piecewise regression to compare trends from 2007 to 2010 in service and medication use bef…
The amphibole hypothesis of asbestos-related cancer--gone but not forgotten
The amphibole hypothesis of asbestos-related cancer--gone but not forgotten. M R CullenCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.2.158 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Layoffs and the mental health and safety of remaining workers
BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have examined the effects of layoffs on remaining workers, although the effects of layoffs and downsizing events may extend beyond those employees who lose their jobs. METHODS: We examined the effects of layoffs on mental healthcare utilisation and injury risk among workers at 30 US plants between 2003 and 2013. We defined layoffs as reductions in the hourly workforce of 20% or more at each plant. Using a differ…
Workplace status and risk of hypertension among hourly and salaried aluminum manufacturing employees
The amphibole hypothesis of asbestos-related cancer--gone but not forgotten
The amphibole hypothesis of asbestos-related cancer--gone but not forgotten. M R CullenCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.2.158 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Asbestos-Related Cancer and the Amphibole Hypothesis
Asbestos-Related Cancer and the Amphibole Hypothesis: 5. Cullen Responds 5. Cullen Responds Mark R. Cullen B T Mossman, and J B GeeCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.4.690 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Workplace status and risk of hypertension among hourly and salaried aluminum manufacturing employees
Work and its role in shaping the social gradient in health
Adults with better jobs enjoy better health: job title was, in fact, the social gradient metric first used to study the relationship between social class and chronic disease etiology, a core finding now replicated in most developed countries. What has been less well proved is whether this correlation is causal , and if so, through what mechanisms. During the past decade, much research has been directed at these issues. Best evidence in 2009 sugge…
Long-term follow-up of beryllium sensitized workers from a single employer
The clinical outlook remains favorable for beryllium-sensitized individuals over the first 5-12 years. However, declines in DLCO may presage further and more serious clinical manifestations in the future. These conclusions are tempered by the possibility of selection bias and other study limitations
Hearing effects from intermittent and continuous noise exposure in a study of Korean factory workers and firefighters
Korean work environments with continuous noise exposure in the measured range should consider implementation of a hearing conservation program. Further evaluation of hearing loss in workers exposed to irregular or intermittent high noise levels, such as firefighters, is also warranted
Associations between employee and manager gender
Prior findings suggest that female manufacturing employees are at higher risk for acute injury compared to males; this analysis suggests that this relationship is not affected by the gender of the employee's manager(s)
High prevalence of type 2 diabetes among the urban middle class in Bangladesh
The prevalence of type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome among the middle class in Dhaka is alarmingly high. Screening services should be implemented while researchers focus on strategies to lessen the incidence and morbidity associated with these conditions
Job insecurity during recessions
Salaried workers at plants with high layoffs experienced more work stress after 2009 than their counterparts at non-high layoff plants. Increased work stress is important to monitor and may be a mediating pathway through which the external economic environment leads to adverse health outcomes
Further validation that claims data are a useful tool for epidemiologic research on hypertension
The medical service claims data were found to be highly specific, while sensitivity values varied by claims algorithm suggesting the possibility of under-ascertainment. Our analysis further demonstrates that such under-ascertainment is strongly skewed toward those cases that would be considered clinically borderline or mild
Health consequences of the 'Great Recession' on the employed
High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a community survey of urban Bangladeshis
BACKGROUND: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) will rise in parallel with the growing prevalence of type two diabetes mellitus in South Asia but is understudied. Using a cross-sectional survey of adults living in a middle-income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, we tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of CKD in this group would approach that of the U.S. and would be strongly associated with insulin resistance. METHODS: We enrolled 4…
Moral Hazard in Health Insurance
Using data from employer-provided health insurance and Medicare Part D, we investigate whether healthcare utilization responds to the dynamic incentives created by the nonlinear nature of health insurance contracts. We exploit the fact that, because annual coverage usually resets every January, individuals who join a plan later in the year face the same initial ("spot") price of healthcare but a higher expected end-of-year ("future") price. We fi…
Linking individual medicare health claims data with work-life claims and other administrative data
Combining these data allows for evaluation of continuous health trajectories, as well as modeling later-life health as a function of work-life behaviors and exposures. It also provides a potential endpoint for occupational health research. This is the first harmonization of its kind, providing a proof-of-concept. The dataset created by this integration could be useful for research in areas such as social epidemiology and occupational health
Early-Life State-of-Residence Characteristics and Later Life Hypertension, Diabetes, and Ischemic Heart Disease
Objectives. We examined how state characteristics in early life are associated with individual chronic disease later in life. Methods. We assessed early-life state of residence using the first 3 digits of social security numbers from blue- and white-collar workers from a US manufacturing company. Longitudinal data were available from 1997 to 2012, with 305 936 person-years of observation. Disease was assessed using medical claims. We modeled asso…
Psychological Well-Being During the Great Recession
Objectives. We examined the mental health effects of the Great Recession of 2008 to 2009 on workers who remained continuously employed and insured. Methods. We examined utilization trends for mental health services and medications during 2007 to 2012 among a panel of workers in the 25 largest plants, located in 15 states, of a US manufacturing firm. We used piecewise regression to compare trends from 2007 to 2010 in service and medication use bef…
The weaker sex? Vulnerable men and women’s resilience to socio-economic disadvantage
Sex differences in mortality vary over time and place as a function of social, health, and medical circumstances. The magnitude of these variations, and their response to large socioeconomic changes, suggest that biological differences cannot fully account for sex differences in survival. Drawing on a wide swath of mortality data across countries and over time, we develop a set of empiric observations with which any theory about excess male morta…
Predicting later life health status and mortality using state-level socioeconomic characteristics in early life
Studies extending across multiple life stages promote an understanding of factors influencing health across the life span. Existing work has largely focused on individual-level rather than area-level early life determinants of health. In this study, we linked multiple data sets to examine whether early life state-level characteristics were predictive of health and mortality decades later. The sample included 143,755 U.S. employees, for whom work …
The Geographic Distribution of Genetic Risk as Compared to Social Risk for Chronic Diseases in the United States
There is an association between chronic disease and geography, and there is evidence that the environment plays a critical role in this relationship. Yet at the same time, there is known to be substantial geographic variation by ancestry across the United States. Resulting geographic genetic variation-that is, the extent to which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to chronic disease vary spatially-could thus drive some part of the ass…
Patient and provider perspectives on the development of personalized medicine
Gender norms and health
Layoffs and the mental health and safety of remaining workers
BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have examined the effects of layoffs on remaining workers, although the effects of layoffs and downsizing events may extend beyond those employees who lose their jobs. METHODS: We examined the effects of layoffs on mental healthcare utilisation and injury risk among workers at 30 US plants between 2003 and 2013. We defined layoffs as reductions in the hourly workforce of 20% or more at each plant. Using a differ…
Association of collective attitudes and contraceptive practice in nine sub-Saharan African countries
BACKGROUND: There is ample evidence that gender norms affect contraceptive practice; however, data are mostly qualitative with limited geographical scope. We investigated that association quantitatively using collective community-level attitudes towards premarital sex and wife-beating as proxies for gender norms. METHODS: Data came from nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (2005-2009) for women of reproductive age (15-49 years…
Global Health Needs Modernized Containment Strategies to Prepare for the Next Pandemic
COVID-19 continues to be a public health crisis, while severely impacting global financial markets causing significant economic and social hardship. As with any emerging disease, pharmaceutical interventions required time, emphasizing the initial and continuing need for non-pharmaceutical interventions. We highlight the role of anthropological and historical perspectives to inform approaches to non-pharmaceutical interventions for future prepared…
Population health science as a unifying foundation for translational clinical and public health research
Separated both in academics and practice since the Rockefeller Foundation effort to “liberate” public health from perceived subservience to clinical medicine a century ago, research in public health and clinical medicine have evolved separately. Today, translational research in population health science offers a means of fostering their convergence, with potentially great benefit to both domains. Although evidence that the two fields need not and…
Medicine (24 works) · Environmental health (15 works) · Internal Medicine (13 works) · Demography (12 works) · Gerontology (11 works) · Population (11 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Public health (7 works)