Germana H Leyna
Biographic Data
| ID | 7554388 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Germana H Leyna |
| GIVEN NAMES | Germana H |
| FAMILY NAME | Leyna |
| SIGNATURE | LEYNA G H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7016-544X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Exploring barriers to accessing healthy diets among pregnant women living with HIV in the Njombe region, Tanzania
Proper nutrition is essential for women with HIV during pregnancy; however, information on how to access nutritious diets is scarce. This study, informed by the socio-ecological perspectives, examines the barriers to obtaining a healthy diet among pregnant women living with HIV in the Njombe region of Tanzania. A qualitative study employing the ethnography method using semi-structured and narrative interviews to gather information from key inform…
Folate and Vitamin B12 Status among Non-Pregnant, Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age and Predicted Risk for Neural Tube Defects, Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Dietary intake and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Mbeya, Tanzania
Poor dietary intake among pregnant women has serious detrimental consequences for pregnancy and offspring both in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to assess dietary intake and associated risk factors among pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya, Tanzania with a sample size of 420 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics to assess the factors associated with dietary intake. Dietary intake was assessed …
Food and nutrient intake among non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age of Mbeya in Tanzania
Micronutrient deficiencies can hurt the health of women of reproductive age (WRA), their pregnancy outcomes, and the growth and development of their offspring in sub-Saharan African countries. The present study aimed to estimate the dietary intake of non-pregnant and non-lactating (NPNL) WRA, residing in seven districts of the Mbeya region in Tanzania using a 24-hour dietary recall. A cross sectional study was conducted among 500 NPNL WRA. A two-…
Healthcare-seeking behaviours among mother’s having under-five children with severe wasting in Dodoma and Mbeya regions of Tanzania-A qualitative study
Maternal healthcare-seeking behaviour affects the health and well-being of under-five children. Drawing from the concepts of the health belief model, this study seeks to understand the determinants of health-seeking behaviours among mothers or caregivers of under-five-year-old children having severe wasting in Tanzania. A qualitative study employing the ethnography method conducted 32 semi-structured and narrative interviews with healthcare worke…
Food taboos and preferences among adolescent girls, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children aged 6–23 months in Mainland Tanzania
Malnutrition is a serious public health problem and has long-lasting economic consequences for individuals and families and, in turn, affects the economic growth of the country. Understanding food taboos and individual preferences for food items is critical to the development of effective nutritional programs and educational messages. The present study aimed to explore food taboos and preferences in food items among breastfeeding mothers, pregnan…
Estimating food consumption, micronutrient intake and the contribution of large-scale food fortification to micronutrient adequacy in Tanzania
Objective: To assess the potential contribution of large-scale food fortification (LSFF) towards meeting dietary micronutrient requirements in Tanzania. Design: We used household food consumption data from the National Panel Survey 2014–15 to estimate fortifiable food vehicle coverage and consumption (standardised using the adult female equivalent approach) and the prevalence at risk of inadequate apparent intake of five micronutrients included i…
The prevalence and risk factors associated with Iron, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in pregnant women
Maternal nutrition is an important forecaster of infant’s and mother’s health status in most developing countries. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated risk factors of iron, vitamin B12, and folate deficiencies among pregnant women in Mbeya Tanzania. A cross-sectional study using a cluster randomized sampling was conducted among 420 pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and dietary…
HIV testing and associated factors among female sex workers in Tanzania
Use of HIV testing services among FSW in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is below the desired UNAIDS target of 90%. We estimated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV testing among FSW in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A respondent-driven sampling method was used to recruit FSW aged 18. Modified Poisson regression models were used to determine factors associated with recent HIV testing. Of 958 surveyed FSW (median age 26 years), 85.4% (95% CI: 82.3, …
Depressive symptoms and their association with age, chronic conditions and health status among middle-aged and elderly people in peri-urban Tanzania
Depressive symptoms affected almost one in three people aged over 40 years. Their prevalence differed across age groups and was moderated by chronic conditions, health status and socioeconomic factors
Disclosure of intimate partner violence by men and women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has severe health consequences, though may be underreported due to stigma. In Tanzania, estimates of IPV prevalence range from 12 to >60%. List experiments, a technique of indirectly asking survey questions, may allow for more accurate prevalence estimates of sensitive topics. We examined list experiment and direct questions about experiences of physical and sexual IPV from a 2017 cross-sectional survey among 2,299…
Prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending reproductive and child health clinics in Mbeya region, Tanzania
Anaemia is a global public health issue, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia and to identify factors associated with the condition among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. A cross sectional study was conducted with 420 pregnant women ( Overall prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women was 25.5%. Out of 107 p…
Targeted and Population-Wide Interventions Are Needed to Address the Persistent Burden of Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania
Recent evidence suggests that 44.8% of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Tanzania suffer from anemia. Addressing this public health challenge calls for local evidence of its burden and determinants thereof for policy and tailored interventions. This secondary data analysis used Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) 2004−2005 and 2015−2016 with a total of 23,203 WRA. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize the bur…
Exploring drivers of food choice among PLHIV and their families in a peri-urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
The use of this expanded framework that included a family perspective on PLHIV food choice illuminated the various households decision-making dynamics that took place in this low resource community. Family members of PLHIV tried to buffer the limitations imposed by the external food environment, especially as the disease progressed. In the context of HIV status disclosure, integrating a family perspective into HIV nutrition interventions and prog…
Validity of an FFQ to measure nutrient and food intakes in Tanzania
Objective FFQ are often used to estimate food and nutrient intakes to rank individuals by their level of intake. We evaluated the relative validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ created for use in Tanzania by comparing it with two 24 h diet recalls. Design We measured relative validity of the FFQ with deattenuated energy-adjusted rank correlations for nutrients, deattenuated rank correlations for food groups, and performed a cross-classification ana…
Why are primary school children overweight and obese? A cross sectional study undertaken in Kinondoni district, Dar-es-salaam
The findings of this study identified a number of behavioural and dietary factors that are related to overweight and obesity. Parents and teachers should encourage children to be physically active by limiting screen time and promoting active transport to and from school to promote health and reduce obesity. Ministry of education needs to formulate/enforce policies that encourage physical activities for school children and regulate quality of food…
Fertility desire and intention of people living with HIV/Aids in Tanzania
Fertility desire and intention of PLWHA was substantially high though lower than that of the general population in Tanzania. Practice of unprotected sexual intercourse with higher pregnancy rate was observed. Fertility desire was determined by individual perceived health and socio-family related factors. With increasing ART coverage and subsequent improved quality of life of PLWHA, these findings underscore the importance of integrating reproduct…
Attitudes towards and perceptions of reproductive health needs of persons living with HIV/Aids in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
The introduction of antiretroviral treatment has resulted in the resumption of socially productive and sexually active lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, together with the desire for children. However, factors affecting the reproductive health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS are not well understood. With this in mind, the aim of this paper was to investigate factors associated with these health needs using a qualitative approach. Findings…
Food insecurity is associated with food consumption patterns and anthropometric measures but not serum micronutrient levels in adults in rural Tanzania
Objective The purpose of the present paper is to assess the relationship between food insecurity and food consumption patterns, anthropometric measures and serum micronutrient levels in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Design A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out between March and May of 2005. Setting Rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Subjects Analysis was restricted to 1014 adults aged 15–44 years with children and complete data. Resul…
Prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV-1 post-test counseling in the era of antiretroviral therapy in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
In this era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) a limited number of population-based studies have investigated the extent of voluntary counseling and testing acceptance and completion in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV post-test counseling (PTC) among adults in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Following a cross-sectional survey, people aged 15-44 years living in Oria village were inte…
Validation of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Objective The objective of the present study was to assess the construct validity, criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure for use in rural Tanzania. Design A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from March to May 2005. Key adaptations to the nine-item Radimer/Cornell items included translation to Swahili, replacing the term ‘balanced diet’ with ‘full meal’ and constructin…
Prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection in rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania
HIV-1 infection was highly prevalent in this population. As compared to our previous findings, a shift of the epidemic from a younger to an older age group and from educated to uneducated individuals was observed. Women and married or separated individuals remained at higher risk of infection. To prevent further escalation of the HIV epidemic, efforts to scale up HIV prevention programmes addressing females, people with low education, lower age a…
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Prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection in rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania
HIV-1 infection was highly prevalent in this population. As compared to our previous findings, a shift of the epidemic from a younger to an older age group and from educated to uneducated individuals was observed. Women and married or separated individuals remained at higher risk of infection. To prevent further escalation of the HIV epidemic, efforts to scale up HIV prevention programmes addressing females, people with low education, lower age a…
Validation of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Objective The objective of the present study was to assess the construct validity, criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure for use in rural Tanzania. Design A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from March to May 2005. Key adaptations to the nine-item Radimer/Cornell items included translation to Swahili, replacing the term ‘balanced diet’ with ‘full meal’ and constructin…
Prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV-1 post-test counseling in the era of antiretroviral therapy in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
In this era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) a limited number of population-based studies have investigated the extent of voluntary counseling and testing acceptance and completion in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV post-test counseling (PTC) among adults in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Following a cross-sectional survey, people aged 15-44 years living in Oria village were inte…
Food insecurity is associated with food consumption patterns and anthropometric measures but not serum micronutrient levels in adults in rural Tanzania
Objective The purpose of the present paper is to assess the relationship between food insecurity and food consumption patterns, anthropometric measures and serum micronutrient levels in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Design A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out between March and May of 2005. Setting Rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Subjects Analysis was restricted to 1014 adults aged 15–44 years with children and complete data. Resul…
Attitudes towards and perceptions of reproductive health needs of persons living with HIV/Aids in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
The introduction of antiretroviral treatment has resulted in the resumption of socially productive and sexually active lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, together with the desire for children. However, factors affecting the reproductive health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS are not well understood. With this in mind, the aim of this paper was to investigate factors associated with these health needs using a qualitative approach. Findings…
Fertility desire and intention of people living with HIV/Aids in Tanzania
Fertility desire and intention of PLWHA was substantially high though lower than that of the general population in Tanzania. Practice of unprotected sexual intercourse with higher pregnancy rate was observed. Fertility desire was determined by individual perceived health and socio-family related factors. With increasing ART coverage and subsequent improved quality of life of PLWHA, these findings underscore the importance of integrating reproduct…
Why are primary school children overweight and obese? A cross sectional study undertaken in Kinondoni district, Dar-es-salaam
The findings of this study identified a number of behavioural and dietary factors that are related to overweight and obesity. Parents and teachers should encourage children to be physically active by limiting screen time and promoting active transport to and from school to promote health and reduce obesity. Ministry of education needs to formulate/enforce policies that encourage physical activities for school children and regulate quality of food…
Validity of an FFQ to measure nutrient and food intakes in Tanzania
Objective FFQ are often used to estimate food and nutrient intakes to rank individuals by their level of intake. We evaluated the relative validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ created for use in Tanzania by comparing it with two 24 h diet recalls. Design We measured relative validity of the FFQ with deattenuated energy-adjusted rank correlations for nutrients, deattenuated rank correlations for food groups, and performed a cross-classification ana…
Disclosure of intimate partner violence by men and women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has severe health consequences, though may be underreported due to stigma. In Tanzania, estimates of IPV prevalence range from 12 to >60%. List experiments, a technique of indirectly asking survey questions, may allow for more accurate prevalence estimates of sensitive topics. We examined list experiment and direct questions about experiences of physical and sexual IPV from a 2017 cross-sectional survey among 2,299…
Prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending reproductive and child health clinics in Mbeya region, Tanzania
Anaemia is a global public health issue, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia and to identify factors associated with the condition among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. A cross sectional study was conducted with 420 pregnant women ( Overall prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women was 25.5%. Out of 107 p…
Targeted and Population-Wide Interventions Are Needed to Address the Persistent Burden of Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania
Recent evidence suggests that 44.8% of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Tanzania suffer from anemia. Addressing this public health challenge calls for local evidence of its burden and determinants thereof for policy and tailored interventions. This secondary data analysis used Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) 2004−2005 and 2015−2016 with a total of 23,203 WRA. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize the bur…
Exploring drivers of food choice among PLHIV and their families in a peri-urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
The use of this expanded framework that included a family perspective on PLHIV food choice illuminated the various households decision-making dynamics that took place in this low resource community. Family members of PLHIV tried to buffer the limitations imposed by the external food environment, especially as the disease progressed. In the context of HIV status disclosure, integrating a family perspective into HIV nutrition interventions and prog…
The prevalence and risk factors associated with Iron, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in pregnant women
Maternal nutrition is an important forecaster of infant’s and mother’s health status in most developing countries. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated risk factors of iron, vitamin B12, and folate deficiencies among pregnant women in Mbeya Tanzania. A cross-sectional study using a cluster randomized sampling was conducted among 420 pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and dietary…
HIV testing and associated factors among female sex workers in Tanzania
Use of HIV testing services among FSW in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is below the desired UNAIDS target of 90%. We estimated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV testing among FSW in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A respondent-driven sampling method was used to recruit FSW aged 18. Modified Poisson regression models were used to determine factors associated with recent HIV testing. Of 958 surveyed FSW (median age 26 years), 85.4% (95% CI: 82.3, …
Depressive symptoms and their association with age, chronic conditions and health status among middle-aged and elderly people in peri-urban Tanzania
Depressive symptoms affected almost one in three people aged over 40 years. Their prevalence differed across age groups and was moderated by chronic conditions, health status and socioeconomic factors
Dietary intake and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Mbeya, Tanzania
Poor dietary intake among pregnant women has serious detrimental consequences for pregnancy and offspring both in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to assess dietary intake and associated risk factors among pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya, Tanzania with a sample size of 420 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics to assess the factors associated with dietary intake. Dietary intake was assessed …
Food and nutrient intake among non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age of Mbeya in Tanzania
Micronutrient deficiencies can hurt the health of women of reproductive age (WRA), their pregnancy outcomes, and the growth and development of their offspring in sub-Saharan African countries. The present study aimed to estimate the dietary intake of non-pregnant and non-lactating (NPNL) WRA, residing in seven districts of the Mbeya region in Tanzania using a 24-hour dietary recall. A cross sectional study was conducted among 500 NPNL WRA. A two-…
Healthcare-seeking behaviours among mother’s having under-five children with severe wasting in Dodoma and Mbeya regions of Tanzania-A qualitative study
Maternal healthcare-seeking behaviour affects the health and well-being of under-five children. Drawing from the concepts of the health belief model, this study seeks to understand the determinants of health-seeking behaviours among mothers or caregivers of under-five-year-old children having severe wasting in Tanzania. A qualitative study employing the ethnography method conducted 32 semi-structured and narrative interviews with healthcare worke…
Food taboos and preferences among adolescent girls, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children aged 6–23 months in Mainland Tanzania
Malnutrition is a serious public health problem and has long-lasting economic consequences for individuals and families and, in turn, affects the economic growth of the country. Understanding food taboos and individual preferences for food items is critical to the development of effective nutritional programs and educational messages. The present study aimed to explore food taboos and preferences in food items among breastfeeding mothers, pregnan…
Estimating food consumption, micronutrient intake and the contribution of large-scale food fortification to micronutrient adequacy in Tanzania
Objective: To assess the potential contribution of large-scale food fortification (LSFF) towards meeting dietary micronutrient requirements in Tanzania. Design: We used household food consumption data from the National Panel Survey 2014–15 to estimate fortifiable food vehicle coverage and consumption (standardised using the adult female equivalent approach) and the prevalence at risk of inadequate apparent intake of five micronutrients included i…
Exploring barriers to accessing healthy diets among pregnant women living with HIV in the Njombe region, Tanzania
Proper nutrition is essential for women with HIV during pregnancy; however, information on how to access nutritious diets is scarce. This study, informed by the socio-ecological perspectives, examines the barriers to obtaining a healthy diet among pregnant women living with HIV in the Njombe region of Tanzania. A qualitative study employing the ethnography method using semi-structured and narrative interviews to gather information from key inform…
Folate and Vitamin B12 Status among Non-Pregnant, Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age and Predicted Risk for Neural Tube Defects, Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Tanzania (22 works) · Medicine (21 works) · Environmental health (19 works) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (12 works) · Demography (12 works) · Internal Medicine (10 works) · Gerontology (8 works) · Public health (8 works) · Demography (7 works) · Geography (7 works)