Martha J Cox
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 75630 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Martha J Cox |
| NOMBRES | Martha J |
| APELLIDO | Cox |
| FIRMA | COX M J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 487 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1976 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Depth, persistence, and timing of poverty and the development of school readiness skills in rural low-income regions
Maternal depressive symptoms, mother-child interactions, and children’s executive function
This study examined the independent and mediated associations between maternal depression symptoms (MDS), mother-child interaction, and child executive function (EF) in a prospective longitudinal sample of 1,037 children (50% boys) from predominantly low-income and rural communities. When children were 6, 15 and 24 months of age, mothers reported their level of depressive symptomatology. At 24 and 36 months of age, mother-child interactions durin…
Mother–child role confusion, child adjustment problems, and the moderating roles of child temperament and sex
Role confusion is a deviation in the parent-child relationship such that a parent looks to a child to meet the parent's emotional needs and abdicates, in part, the parental role in exchange for care, intimacy, or peer support from the child. In addition, a child may initiate role-confused behavior in order to gain closeness to a parent who is otherwise preoccupied by his or her own needs. The current study examined associations between mother-chi…
The Interaction Between Child Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Early Sensitive Parenting in the Prediction of Children's Executive Functions
This study investigated the interaction between children's parasympathetic functioning and maternal sensitive parenting behaviors during infancy and toddlerhood in the prediction of children's executive functions ( EF ) at the age of 5 years. Participants included 137 children and their mothers who were followed from the age of 3 months to 5 years. Children's cardiac activity was recorded at rest at multiple times from ages 3 to 36 months, and es…
Children’s task-oriented patterns in early childhood
Intimate Partner Violence and Children's Attachment Representations During Middle Childhood
Despite long-standing hypotheses that intimate partner violence (IPV) may undermine children's ability to form secure attachment representations, few studies have empirically investigated this association. Particularly lacking is research that examines IPV and attachment during middle childhood, a time when the way that children understand, represent, and process the behavior of others becomes particularly important. Using data from a sample of A…
Maternal Childhood Sexual Trauma, Child Directed Aggression, Parenting Behavior, and the Moderating Role of Child Sex
Maternal Childhood Sexual Trauma and Child Conduct Problems
Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Low-Income Families
Parenting and children’s representations of family predict disruptive and callous-unemotional behaviors
Data from a large prospective longitudinal study (n = 1,239) was used to investigate the association between observed sensitive parenting in early childhood and children's representations of family relationships as measured by the Family Drawing Paradigm (FDP) in first grade as well as the extent to which these representations partially mediate the influences of early caregiving experiences on later conduct problems and callous-unemotional behavi…
Family Violence and Children’s Behavior Problems
The family model stress and maternal psychological symptoms
Although much of the extant research on low-income families has targeted parental depression as the predominant psychological response to economic hardship, the current study examined a range of maternal psychological symptoms that may mediate the relations between early economic pressure and later parenting behaviors. A family stress model was examined using data from 1,142 mothers living in 2 areas of high rural poverty, focusing on the infancy…
Relations Among Intimate Partner Violence, Maternal Depressive Symptoms, and Maternal Parenting Behaviors
The authors examined the relations among intimate partner violence (IPV), maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal harsh intrusive parenting. Using a cross-lagged, autoregressive path model, they sought to clarify the directionality of the relations among these 3 variables over the first 2 years of the child's life. The results indicated that, in this diverse sample of families living in predominantly low-income rural communities (N = 705), hig…
Salivary Cortisol Mediates Effects of Poverty and Parenting on Executive Functions in Early Childhood
In a predominantly low-income population-based longitudinal sample of 1,292 children followed from birth, higher level of salivary cortisol assessed at ages 7, 15, and 24 months was uniquely associated with lower executive function ability and to a lesser extent IQ at age 3 years. Measures of positive and negative aspects of parenting and household risk were also uniquely related to both executive functions and IQ. The effect of positive parentin…
Adult attachment style and stress as risk factors for early maternal sensitivity and negativity
The current study examined the individual and joint effects of self‐reported adult attachment style, psychological distress, and parenting stress on maternal caregiving behaviors at 6 and 12 months of child age. We proposed a diathesis‐stress model to examine the potential deleterious effects of stress for mothers with insecure adult attachment styles. Data from 137 mothers were gathered by the longitudinal Durham Child Health and Development Stu…
Father contributions to cortisol responses in infancy and toddlerhood
The current study is one of the first prospective examinations of longitudinal associations between observed father caregiving behaviors and child cortisol reactivity and regulation in response to emotional arousal. Observations of father and mother caregiving behaviors and child cortisol levels in response to challenges at 7 months and 24 months of child age were collected. Analyses were based on a subsample of children from the Family Life Proj…
Paternal Work Stress and Latent Profiles of Father-Infant Parenting Quality
The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine the implications of fathers' experiences of work stress for paternal behaviors with infants across multiple dimensions of parenting in a sample of fathers living in nonmetropolitan communities (N = 492). LPA revealed five classes of fathers based on levels of social-affective behaviors and linguistic stimulation measured during two father-infant interactions. Multinomial logistic reg…
Fathers' Early Emotion Talk
Contextual, mother-, child-, and father-level variables were examined in association with fathers' emotion talk to infants during a shared picture book activity, in an ethnically diverse, low-income sample (N = 549). Significant main effects included the rate of emotion talk from fathers' romantic partners (i.e., the infant's mother), infant attention and distress, and sensitive parenting. Significant interactions were also found. Higher income A…
Independent and Interactive Contributions of Parenting Behaviors and Beliefs in the Prediction of Early Childhood Behavior Problems
Parenting beliefs and behaviors should be considered jointly to identify risks for the development of early behavior problems
Patterns of couple interaction during the transition to parenthood
Using latent transition analysis, this study identified Constructive and Destructive marital problem‐solving patterns in couples prenatally and at 3, 12, and 24 months postbirth. Most couples remained in the same group across the 2 years (27.5% and 52.2% who started as Destructive and Constructive, respectively). Always Destructive spouses reported more depressive symptomatology and more negative and less positive views of marriage than Always Co…
Cumulative Social Risk, Parenting, and Infant Development in Rural Low-Income Communities
OBJECTIVE: The extent to which the severity of exposure to social risk is related to parenting and cognitive development in the first 15 months of an infant's life was studied in a representative diverse sample of families in two rural poor regions in the United States. DESIGN: One thousand two hundred ninety-two families were followed for the first 15 months of the infant's life. RESULTS: Evidence supported a pathway from risk severity through m…
Early Environmental Correlates of Maternal Emotion Talk
OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study was to examine contextual, child, and maternal factors that are associated with mothers' early emotion talk in an ethnically diverse, low-income sample. DESIGN: Emotion talk (positive and negative labels) was coded for 1111 mothers while engaged with their 7-month-olds in viewing an emotion-faces picture book. Infant attention during the interaction was also coded. Mothers' parenting style (positive engag…
Pathways from infant exposure to marital conflict to parent–toddler role reversal
We know that exposure to marital conflict places infants at risk, but we know less about processes. One process may be role reversal, when a distressed parent looks to the child to meet unmet needs for comfort, intimacy, or companionship. A parent in marital conflict may be particularly prone to role reversal, which in turn adversely affects child development. The current study examined pathways from infants' exposure to marital conflict at 12 mo…
Paternal Work Characteristics and Father-Infant Interactions in Low-Income, Rural Families
To examine the implications of paternal occupational conditions for the quality of father-infant interactions, home visits, including interviews and videotaped observations of father-infant interactions, were conducted with 446 fathers living in six low-income, nonmetropolitan counties in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. When a variety of individual and demographic characteristics were controlled for, a less supportive work environment was associ…
Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity
Teachers’ judgments of problems in the transition to kindergarten
Divorced Fathers
Family Income and Its Relation to Preschool Children's Adjustment for Families in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care
The current study examines relations of mean-level estimates, linear changes, and instability in income and family processes to child outcomes and addresses whether income, through its impact on family functioning, matters more for children living in poverty. Temporal changes and instability in family processes, but not income, predicted children's adjustment. Cross-sectional mediational analyses indicated that for families living at the poverty …
Marital Perceptions and Interactions Across the Transition to Parenthood
Martha J. Cox, Blair Paley, Margaret Burchinal, C. Chris Payne, Marital Perceptions and Interactions Across the Transition to Parenthood, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Aug., 1999), pp. 611-625
Structural and Supportive Changes in Couples' Family and Friendship Networks Across the Transition to Parenthood
This article prospectively examined the patterns of change in couples' family and friend networks and supports across the transition to parenthood as well as stability in individual differences over time. Additionally, parental adjustment and depression were examined with respect to changes in couples' social systems. Participants included a total of 137 couples recruited prior to the birth of their first child from prenatal clinics in rural Nort…
Play and Social Interaction in Children Following Divorce
This paper presents the results of a longitudinal study of the effects of divorce on play and social interaction in children. Forty‐eight middle class white preschool children from divorced families and a matched group of forty‐eight non divorced families were studied at 2 months, 1 year and 2 years after divorce. In the first year following divorce disruptions were found in both play and social relations for boys and girls from divorced families…
Prediction of infant-father and infant-mother attachment
The Ist‐year correlates of infant–father and infant–mother attachment were investigated in a longitudinal study of early family development. Mothers and fathers were observed interacting with their firstborn, 3‐month‐old infants. Parents also were interviewed individually at 3 months child age concerning their time with the infant and their attitudes and reports about the infant and their parental role. Mothers and fathers were seen in the strang…
Cumulative Social Risk, Parenting, and Infant Development in Rural Low-Income Communities
OBJECTIVE: The extent to which the severity of exposure to social risk is related to parenting and cognitive development in the first 15 months of an infant's life was studied in a representative diverse sample of families in two rural poor regions in the United States. DESIGN: One thousand two hundred ninety-two families were followed for the first 15 months of the infant's life. RESULTS: Evidence supported a pathway from risk severity through m…
Paternal Work Stress and Latent Profiles of Father-Infant Parenting Quality
The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine the implications of fathers' experiences of work stress for paternal behaviors with infants across multiple dimensions of parenting in a sample of fathers living in nonmetropolitan communities (N = 492). LPA revealed five classes of fathers based on levels of social-affective behaviors and linguistic stimulation measured during two father-infant interactions. Multinomial logistic reg…
Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample
Melinda S. Forthofer, Howard J. Markman, Martha Cox, Scott Stanley, Ronald C. Kessler, Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Aug., 1996), pp. 597-605
Relations Among Intimate Partner Violence, Maternal Depressive Symptoms, and Maternal Parenting Behaviors
The authors examined the relations among intimate partner violence (IPV), maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal harsh intrusive parenting. Using a cross-lagged, autoregressive path model, they sought to clarify the directionality of the relations among these 3 variables over the first 2 years of the child's life. The results indicated that, in this diverse sample of families living in predominantly low-income rural communities (N = 705), hig…
Father contributions to cortisol responses in infancy and toddlerhood
The current study is one of the first prospective examinations of longitudinal associations between observed father caregiving behaviors and child cortisol reactivity and regulation in response to emotional arousal. Observations of father and mother caregiving behaviors and child cortisol levels in response to challenges at 7 months and 24 months of child age were collected. Analyses were based on a subsample of children from the Family Life Proj…
Early Environmental Correlates of Maternal Emotion Talk
OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study was to examine contextual, child, and maternal factors that are associated with mothers' early emotion talk in an ethnically diverse, low-income sample. DESIGN: Emotion talk (positive and negative labels) was coded for 1111 mothers while engaged with their 7-month-olds in viewing an emotion-faces picture book. Infant attention during the interaction was also coded. Mothers' parenting style (positive engag…
Paternal Work Characteristics and Father-Infant Interactions in Low-Income, Rural Families
To examine the implications of paternal occupational conditions for the quality of father-infant interactions, home visits, including interviews and videotaped observations of father-infant interactions, were conducted with 446 fathers living in six low-income, nonmetropolitan counties in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. When a variety of individual and demographic characteristics were controlled for, a less supportive work environment was associ…
Fathers' Early Emotion Talk
Contextual, mother-, child-, and father-level variables were examined in association with fathers' emotion talk to infants during a shared picture book activity, in an ethnically diverse, low-income sample (N = 549). Significant main effects included the rate of emotion talk from fathers' romantic partners (i.e., the infant's mother), infant attention and distress, and sensitive parenting. Significant interactions were also found. Higher income A…
Adult attachment style and stress as risk factors for early maternal sensitivity and negativity
The current study examined the individual and joint effects of self‐reported adult attachment style, psychological distress, and parenting stress on maternal caregiving behaviors at 6 and 12 months of child age. We proposed a diathesis‐stress model to examine the potential deleterious effects of stress for mothers with insecure adult attachment styles. Data from 137 mothers were gathered by the longitudinal Durham Child Health and Development Stu…
Depth, persistence, and timing of poverty and the development of school readiness skills in rural low-income regions
Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Low-Income Families
Independent and Interactive Contributions of Parenting Behaviors and Beliefs in the Prediction of Early Childhood Behavior Problems
Parenting beliefs and behaviors should be considered jointly to identify risks for the development of early behavior problems
The Effect of Father–Toddler and Mother– Toddler Role Reversal on the Development of Behavior Problems in Kindergarten
Role reversal is a relationship disturbance in which a parent looks to a child to meet a parent's need for comfort, parenting, intimacy or play, and the child attempts to meet these needs. The current study examined, within a developmental psychopathology framework, the effect of father and mother role reversal with toddlers on the development of attention problems, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and social problems in kindergart…
Maternal depressive symptoms, mother-child interactions, and children’s executive function
This study examined the independent and mediated associations between maternal depression symptoms (MDS), mother-child interaction, and child executive function (EF) in a prospective longitudinal sample of 1,037 children (50% boys) from predominantly low-income and rural communities. When children were 6, 15 and 24 months of age, mothers reported their level of depressive symptomatology. At 24 and 36 months of age, mother-child interactions durin…
Mother–child role confusion, child adjustment problems, and the moderating roles of child temperament and sex
Role confusion is a deviation in the parent-child relationship such that a parent looks to a child to meet the parent's emotional needs and abdicates, in part, the parental role in exchange for care, intimacy, or peer support from the child. In addition, a child may initiate role-confused behavior in order to gain closeness to a parent who is otherwise preoccupied by his or her own needs. The current study examined associations between mother-chi…
Intimate Partner Violence and Children's Attachment Representations During Middle Childhood
Despite long-standing hypotheses that intimate partner violence (IPV) may undermine children's ability to form secure attachment representations, few studies have empirically investigated this association. Particularly lacking is research that examines IPV and attachment during middle childhood, a time when the way that children understand, represent, and process the behavior of others becomes particularly important. Using data from a sample of A…
Parenting and children’s representations of family predict disruptive and callous-unemotional behaviors
Data from a large prospective longitudinal study (n = 1,239) was used to investigate the association between observed sensitive parenting in early childhood and children's representations of family relationships as measured by the Family Drawing Paradigm (FDP) in first grade as well as the extent to which these representations partially mediate the influences of early caregiving experiences on later conduct problems and callous-unemotional behavi…
Family Violence and Children’s Behavior Problems
Divorced Fathers
Play and Social Interaction in Children Following Divorce
This paper presents the results of a longitudinal study of the effects of divorce on play and social interaction in children. Forty‐eight middle class white preschool children from divorced families and a matched group of forty‐eight non divorced families were studied at 2 months, 1 year and 2 years after divorce. In the first year following divorce disruptions were found in both play and social relations for boys and girls from divorced families…
Foster Care and Public Policy
In this article, policies are considered that affect children in substitute care and their natural families. Over the last decade there has been an unusual amount of interest among family advocacy groups and family professionals in the problems and abuses in this policy area. Reform legislation has been enacted at the federal level, but it is still unclear whether this legislation will be fully implemented. Moreover, chronic dilemmas in this poli…
Long-Term Effects of Divorce and Remarriage on the Adjustment of Children
Intergenerational Influences on the Parent-Infant Relationship in the Transition to Parenthood
In this study, questions were addressed concerning the intergenerational transmission of parent-child relationships in couples going through the transition to parenthood. During the second trimester of their first pregnancy, couples provided information concerning experiences of parenting in their family of origin, then were reinterviewed and observed interacting with their infants at 3 months postpartum. It was expected that when these young adu…
Progress and Continued Challenges in Understanding the Transition to Parenthood
Significant contributions in understanding the complexities of a couple's transition to parenthood have been made by recent longitudinal studies: the suggestion is clear that parenthood causes significant change and reorganization in the couple system. The data reported here suggest that adaptation to parenthood is a process that occurs over time, and they suggest that the process of adaptation may be different for men and women in terms of the f…
Marriage, Adult Adjustment, and Early Parenting
Prediction of infant-father and infant-mother attachment
The Ist‐year correlates of infant–father and infant–mother attachment were investigated in a longitudinal study of early family development. Mothers and fathers were observed interacting with their firstborn, 3‐month‐old infants. Parents also were interviewed individually at 3 months child age concerning their time with the infant and their attitudes and reports about the infant and their parental role. Mothers and fathers were seen in the strang…
Prediction of infant^father and infant^mother attachment
Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample
Melinda S. Forthofer, Howard J. Markman, Martha Cox, Scott Stanley, Ronald C. Kessler, Associations between Marital Distress and Work Loss in a National Sample, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Aug., 1996), pp. 597-605
Families as Systems
In this chapter, we discuss theoretical and conceptual models that use an organismic or systems metaphor for understanding families. We suggest that such theories are important for stimulating new research and organizing existing data, and that advances in these theories over the past few decades have expanded the potential for understanding child development, as well as adult adaptation and the development of close relationships. These paradigms…
Marital Perceptions and Interactions Across the Transition to Parenthood
Martha J. Cox, Blair Paley, Margaret Burchinal, C. Chris Payne, Marital Perceptions and Interactions Across the Transition to Parenthood, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Aug., 1999), pp. 611-625
Families With Young Children
Research conducted in the past decade on families with young children concentrated on 5 broad topics: (a) the transition to parenthood; (b) the importance of maternal sensitivity for children's attachment security and subsequent adjustment and social competence; (c) the effectiveness of particular parenting styles and practices; (d) interparental, familial, and broader societal factors influencing parenting behaviors and child adjustment; and (e)…
Teachers’ judgments of problems in the transition to kindergarten
Interparental Conflict and Parent–Child Relationships
A considerable body of literature documents the relation between marital conflict and emotional and behavioral problems in children (e.g., Cummings & Davies, 1994; Emery, 1982; Grych & Fincham, 1990). The field has now moved on to consider the mechanisms and processes through which marital conflict undermines the emotional and behavioral competence of children (Fincham, 1994). Much of the theorizing about such processes has centered on the parent…
Fathers' participation in family research
The Relation of Kindergarten Classroom Environment to Teacher, Family, and School Characteristics and Child Outcomes
We observed 223 largely suburban or rural public school kindergarten classrooms in 3 states to describe classroom activities and child-teacher interactions involving 1 child per classroom. We also observed global classroom quality and assessed its relation to teacher, school, classroom, and family characteristics and target child out-comes. Classrooms were observed once for 3 hours starting at the beginning of the school day. Time samplings of ac…
Maternal Sensitivity and Child Wariness in the Transition to Kindergarten
Objective. This study tested maternal sensitivity as a moderator of the stability of wary behavior between 15 months and the transition to school. Design. Observational data from 15-month-old children and their mothers, kindergarten teacher reports, and maternal reports during the transition to kindergarten from 215 children from 3 sites (North Carolina, Virginia, and Arkansas) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICH…
Structural and Supportive Changes in Couples' Family and Friendship Networks Across the Transition to Parenthood
This article prospectively examined the patterns of change in couples' family and friend networks and supports across the transition to parenthood as well as stability in individual differences over time. Additionally, parental adjustment and depression were examined with respect to changes in couples' social systems. Participants included a total of 137 couples recruited prior to the birth of their first child from prenatal clinics in rural Nort…
Understanding Families as Systems
In this article, we discuss recent research that has arisen from theoretical and conceptual models that use a systems metaphor for understanding families. We suggest that research stimulated by such models leads social scientists in new and important directions in understanding the social and emotional development of children in their families. These models view development as resulting from the dynamic transactions across multiple levels of fami…
Family Income and Its Relation to Preschool Children's Adjustment for Families in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care
The current study examines relations of mean-level estimates, linear changes, and instability in income and family processes to child outcomes and addresses whether income, through its impact on family functioning, matters more for children living in poverty. Temporal changes and instability in family processes, but not income, predicted children's adjustment. Cross-sectional mediational analyses indicated that for families living at the poverty …
The Effect of Father–Toddler and Mother– Toddler Role Reversal on the Development of Behavior Problems in Kindergarten
Role reversal is a relationship disturbance in which a parent looks to a child to meet a parent's need for comfort, parenting, intimacy or play, and the child attempts to meet these needs. The current study examined, within a developmental psychopathology framework, the effect of father and mother role reversal with toddlers on the development of attention problems, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and social problems in kindergart…
Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity
Patterns of couple interaction during the transition to parenthood
Using latent transition analysis, this study identified Constructive and Destructive marital problem‐solving patterns in couples prenatally and at 3, 12, and 24 months postbirth. Most couples remained in the same group across the 2 years (27.5% and 52.2% who started as Destructive and Constructive, respectively). Always Destructive spouses reported more depressive symptomatology and more negative and less positive views of marriage than Always Co…
Cumulative Social Risk, Parenting, and Infant Development in Rural Low-Income Communities
OBJECTIVE: The extent to which the severity of exposure to social risk is related to parenting and cognitive development in the first 15 months of an infant's life was studied in a representative diverse sample of families in two rural poor regions in the United States. DESIGN: One thousand two hundred ninety-two families were followed for the first 15 months of the infant's life. RESULTS: Evidence supported a pathway from risk severity through m…
Psychology (47 obras) · Developmental psychology (44 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (26 obras) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (19 obras) · Early Childhood Education and Development (19 obras) · Clinical Psychology (18 obras) · Medicine (17 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (16 obras) · Clinical Psychology (12 obras)