Michael Hardt
Biographic Data
| ID | 75642 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael Hardt |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Hardt |
| SIGNATURE | HARDT M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Duke University |
| ORCID | 0009-0000-8909-3562 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 65 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 577 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 63 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Iran Beyond the Exception
This introduction describes how the Against the Day dossier "War Regimes and Neoliberal Economy in Contemporary Iran" challenges the widely accepted idea that Iran should be understood as an exception in the current global political scene
A Reply to Xifaras
The Subversive Seventies
Progressive and revolutionary movements of the 1970s, which took place across the globe, provide an inspiring and useful guide for contemporary radical political thought and action, even more than those of the 1960s. The sixties were a crucial historical turning point and we can certainly learn from those movements, both the victorious and the vanquished, but, fundamentally, they marked the end of an era. The seventies, in contrast, herald the be…
Standpoint theory and double abolition
I read Denise Ferreira da Silva's Unpayable Debt as an experiment that adopts "the wounded captive body in the scene of subjugation" as an epistemological standpoint. This situates her project in line with a tradition of standpoint theories that adopt, for instance, the proletarian or the feminist standpoint in similar ways. These standpoints grant us not only a superior knowledge of the current social order, highlighting its hierarchies, but als…
A dialogue with Michael Hardt on revolution, joy, and learning to let go
In this wide-ranging conversation, Michael Hardt reflects on recent transformations within Empire. Several unique themes emerge concerning power and pedagogy as they intersect with subjectivity and global crisis. Drawing on the common in conjunction with the tradition of love in education uncovers a different path that attends to today’s real political, ecological, and social needs. Finally, a focus on collectivity points to a possible strategy—c…
From Social Worker to Social Ship Owner
In this article, Michael Hardt and Sandro Mezzadra interview Alessandro Metz, social worker and "social" owner of the ship Mare Jonio, which seeks to aid and protect migrants during increasingly perilous Mediterranean Sea crossings. Metz explores the relation between social work and political activism, with particular emphasis on the writings of Franco Basaglia
Nuclear Sovereignty
It is a paradox today that, although the dangers posed by nuclear arsenals continue undiminished, the social movements and intellectual arguments opposing them have virtually disappeared. This essay argues that in order to mount an effective movement to abolish nuclear weapons we must first understand clearly the principle roles they play, which are primarily political and economic: to support ever more tenuous claims to sovereign power and to bo…
Empire, Twenty Years On
If Empire was, for many, the signature text for the age of globalization, how do its theses fare now, in an era of rising nationalism and protracted crisis? In a landmark update, the authors examine how the twin spheres of power and (re)production have spun out of sync—symptoms of a system that, in Deleuze and Guattari’s words, works by breaking down
The Powers of the Exploited and the Social Ontology of Praxis
This contribution is the first part of a debate between Michael Hardt/Toni Negri and David Harvey on the occasion of Marx’s bicentenary. The discussion focuses on the question of what capitalism looks like today and how it can best be challenged. This contribution asks: In what type of capitalist society are we living today? And what is the Marxian praxis that we need to challenge it? First, this paper analyses capitalism in respect to the extrac…
The Multiplicities Within Capitalist Rule and the Articulation of Struggles
This contribution is part of a debate between Michael Hardt/Toni Negri and David Harvey on the occasion of Marx’s bicentenary (May 5, 2018). The discussion focuses on the question of what capitalism looks like today and how it can best be challenged. In this article, Hardt and Negri respond to David Harvey’s article “Universal Alienation”
Soziologien des Lebens
Die verschiedenen Soziologien des Lebens fassen das Leben nicht nur als Objekt, das gesellschaftlich erkannt, normiert und gesteigert wird. Sie verstehen es immer auch als Subjekt seines Wissens, seiner Normen und seines Wandels. Das Leben wird nicht vereinseitigt, sondern seine Verschränkungen werden analysiert: die Immanenz von Natur und Kultur, die Gleichzeitigkeit von Aktivität und Passivität, die Ko-Konstitution von Affekt und Kognition, die…
The Unforeseen Subject of the Feminist Strike
The essay tries to give the outline of an image of the current feminist movement that is globally fighting not only against male violence and gender violence, but also more in general against the authoritarian and fascist wave arouse in the world. The current feminist movement shows its exceptionality in terms of its duration, strength and radicalism, as its key words and claims but also its organizational forms and practices prove. The process o…
Multiple Temporalities of the Movements
The past and the future as a way to comprehend movements of today
Red Love
Alexandra Kollontai, Bolshevik revolutionary and minister in the first Soviet government, argues that in capitalist society the bonds of romantic love and family love are based on the logic of property relations, or what can be called property love. She critiques property love and advocates for the abolition of the couple and the family in their present forms. Instead, she envisions a new love outside of property relations, which would be compose…
October! To Commemorate the Future
The best way to commemorate October 1917 is by looking forward, not back-to remember the future. We have no desire to continue drawing up balance sheets of the Soviet experience, assessing its successes and failures, identifying when the revolution went wrong, defending it from detractors, denouncing those who betrayed it, or debating theories of "totalitarianism." The time for all that has passed. The ideological clashes of the Cold War-which fo…
Do fabryki! Lenin Negriego i cięcie podmiotowe (1968-1973)
Tekst stanowi fragment doktoratu Michaela Hardta Sztuka organizacji: źródła ontologii politycznej u Gilles'a Deleuze'a i Antonio Negriego. Autor analizuje w nim dialog, jaki Antonio Negri podejmuje z pismami Włodzimierza Lenina w okresie intensywnych walk społecznych i przekształceń składu klasowego we Włoszech w latach 1968-1973. Doszukując się w tym spotkaniu kluczowego zwrotu teoretycznego w myśli włoskiego marksisty, Hardt przekonuje, że to w…
The Post-operaist Approach to the Formal and Real Subsumption of Labor Under Capital. Seminar with Michael Hardt
The Post-operaist Approach to the Formal and Real Subsumption of Labor Under Capital. Seminar with Michael Hardt
The Power to be Affected
Romantisme et multitudes: Politique du langage
Dans cet entretien, Michael Hardt et Saree Makdisi traitent d'un Romantisme qui va au-delà de sa traditionnelle identification avec le nationalisme et l'individualisme bourgeois. Utilisant le concept de multitude comme point d'accès, la conversation qui s'en suit touche à la question des Romantismes non occidentaux, l'échec des idéologies nationalistes, les formes collectives radicales, l'imagination spinoziste, et l'esthétique anticapitaliste en…
Reading Black Reconstruction on the Eve of 1968
This reminiscence intends to sketch out the political and intellectual atmosphere in which a minor episode took place within a wide redefinition of political activity: how a tiny but diverse group of young radicals came to read W. E. B. Du Bois's Black Reconstruction in the second half of 1967 in Milan, Italy. Black Reconstruction struck a responsive chord in those readers because of both its vision of an egalitarian social structure in its forma…
Response
I am grateful to the authors of these articles for their critical engagements with my and Toni Negri’s books. A friend once told me that you can judge the worth of a book by the quality of the critical responses it elicits: that is how productive debate proceeds. These articles are excellent examples of such productive intellectual exchanges, and I am proud to have these authors as critics and interlocutors. I am also grateful for their generosit…
New Ways of Doing: The Construction of Another World in Latin America: An Interview with Raúl Zibechi
In a wide-ranging interview with Michael Hardt and Alvaro Reyes, Uruguayan militant and journalist Raúl Zibechi evaluates the key moments in the last two decades of Latin American social and political movements. Based on his intricate knowledge of situations from Mexico to Argentina, Zibechi analyzes the role of organizational innovations in the antisystemic movements, the constant renovation of indigenous "ways of doing," the continued validity …
Falsify the Currency
This essay argues that the economic crisis that began in 2008 is not the result, as some say, of the "real" economy being subordinated to the fictional values of finance. To understand the crisis, in fact, one has to recognize how increasingly the values produced in the contemporary biopolitical economy cannot be gauged by standard measures. The role of finance, in part, is to create quantitative measures for goods whose values are fundamentally …
Commonwealth Y Agrietar El Capitalismo. Una Lectura Mutua
Querido John: Una de las cosas que me gusta de Agrietar el capitalismo, y que creo que comparte con Cambiar el mundo sin tomar el poder , es que traza la genealogía de la revuelta. En otras palabras, comienzas con la indignación, con la rabia, con la furia que las personas sienten, pero no te detienes allí. Tu argumento lleva la revuelta tanto hacia la práctica creativa como hacia la investigación teórica
Odpowiedź Davidowi Harveyowi
The text is a response of authors of Commonwealth to criticism presented by David Harvey. Hard and Negri turn down the primacy of class division over other various identity formations (e.g. race, gender) and they perceive it as field of revolutionary struggle. Then, starting with Spinoza they highlight variety of definitions of singularity and do not agree withthe significant role ascribed to the notion of fictitious capital; they point out immat…
Empire
For Love or Money
The Common in Communism
This essay reflects on the concept of the common as both natural good and human product. The common, in other words, refers to the land, water, and air as well as to language, knowledges, ideas, images, and affects. The primary argument is that capitalist production is increasingly reliant on and oriented toward the production of the common and yet the common is destroyed (and its productivity reduced) when transformed into either private or publ…
The Withering of Civil Society
The concept of civil society has enjoyed a new life in recent years, not Michael Hardt only in Western Europe and North America, where indeed it has had a long and varied career in support of various political positions, but in countries throughout the world, particularly in those countries today making the transition from socialism to capitalism in Asia and Eastern Europe as well as in the postdictatorial and postauthoritarian regimes in Latin A…
The Power to be Affected
Is Everything Empire? Is Empire Everything
Empire is a growth business these days. Amazon lists 10,513 books with empire in the title on its website; Barnes and Noble lists 10,210.1 Whatever the exact number of books that deal with empires as specifically political entities, empire clearly qual ifies as a hot ticket item for scholars, journalists, pundits, policymakers, advertis ers, and many others. When a word comes to dominate discourse, it has become a cultural phenomenon. But is empi…
Jefferson and Democracy
Jefferson and Democracy Michael Hardt (bio) Abstract The concept of democracy has become once again a problem. Many of the ideas and institutions that were thought to constitute democracy in the past have either withered or been revealed as corrupt. The crisis of the concept, though, makes it open to new possibilities. Jefferson's thought provides a powerful standpoint for reinventing democracy today. His thought helps clear the ground, first of …
Immaterial Labor and Artistic Production
Warren Montag's Louis Althusser is a wonderfully clear introduction to Althusser's thought that demonstrates in particular how his work continues to be useful for literary studies. Montag's most original contribution is that he demonstrates that artistic production is at the center of Althusser's thought. The emerging hegemony of immaterial labor and the significance of immaterial forms of property combine to make Althusser's thought newly releva…
Adventures of the Multitude: Response of the Authors
Prison Time
Multiple Temporalities of the Movements
The past and the future as a way to comprehend movements of today
New Ways of Doing: The Construction of Another World in Latin America: An Interview with Raúl Zibechi
In a wide-ranging interview with Michael Hardt and Alvaro Reyes, Uruguayan militant and journalist Raúl Zibechi evaluates the key moments in the last two decades of Latin American social and political movements. Based on his intricate knowledge of situations from Mexico to Argentina, Zibechi analyzes the role of organizational innovations in the antisystemic movements, the constant renovation of indigenous "ways of doing," the continued validity …
Falsify the Currency
This essay argues that the economic crisis that began in 2008 is not the result, as some say, of the "real" economy being subordinated to the fictional values of finance. To understand the crisis, in fact, one has to recognize how increasingly the values produced in the contemporary biopolitical economy cannot be gauged by standard measures. The role of finance, in part, is to create quantitative measures for goods whose values are fundamentally …
The Global Coliseum: On Empire
In this interview with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Brown and Szeman press the authors of Empire on a number of questions which have arisen both out of their own use of Empire 's theoretical and political framework and, given Empire 's immense popularity both within the academy and outside it, out of more widespread controversies surrounding the book. What is the relationship between the theory of Empire and the new American Empire which some…
The Militancy of Theory
Critique has become the primary mode of practicing theory today, at least theory conceived as a political intervention. Michel Foucault, in his final two years of lecture courses at the Collège de France, develops a critique of critique and proposes in its stead a militant form of theoretical practice. Foucault's line of argumentation begins with a reading of Immanuel Kant's essay, "What Is Enlightenment?" and then steps back in time to work thro…
A dialogue with Michael Hardt on revolution, joy, and learning to let go
In this wide-ranging conversation, Michael Hardt reflects on recent transformations within Empire. Several unique themes emerge concerning power and pedagogy as they intersect with subjectivity and global crisis. Drawing on the common in conjunction with the tradition of love in education uncovers a different path that attends to today’s real political, ecological, and social needs. Finally, a focus on collectivity points to a possible strategy—c…
In the Afterlife of the Duke Case
Research Article| December 01 2007 In the Afterlife of the Duke Case Robyn Wiegman; Robyn Wiegman Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Wahneema Lubiano; Wahneema Lubiano Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Michael Hardt Michael Hardt Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Social Text (2007) 25 (4 (93)): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-2007-009 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share …
Empire, Twenty Years On
If Empire was, for many, the signature text for the age of globalization, how do its theses fare now, in an era of rising nationalism and protracted crisis? In a landmark update, the authors examine how the twin spheres of power and (re)production have spun out of sync—symptoms of a system that, in Deleuze and Guattari’s words, works by breaking down
The Unforeseen Subject of the Feminist Strike
The essay tries to give the outline of an image of the current feminist movement that is globally fighting not only against male violence and gender violence, but also more in general against the authoritarian and fascist wave arouse in the world. The current feminist movement shows its exceptionality in terms of its duration, strength and radicalism, as its key words and claims but also its organizational forms and practices prove. The process o…
October! To Commemorate the Future
The best way to commemorate October 1917 is by looking forward, not back-to remember the future. We have no desire to continue drawing up balance sheets of the Soviet experience, assessing its successes and failures, identifying when the revolution went wrong, defending it from detractors, denouncing those who betrayed it, or debating theories of "totalitarianism." The time for all that has passed. The ideological clashes of the Cold War-which fo…
Globalisering og demokrati
Den dominerende moderne opfattelse af demokrati er intimt forbundet med nationalstaten. Med et nyt fokus på udøvelsen af nationalstatens suverænitet hævder forfatterne, at Empire refererer til en ny form for suverænitet, der ikke anerkender nogen grænser, eller rettere: som kun anerkender mobile grænser. Begrebet om folket som en repræsentativ enhed erstattes af begrebet om en multitude, der udelukkende refererer til en singulær mangfoldighed, en…
Critical Response I The Rod of the Forest Warden: A Response to Timothy Brennan
Subterranean Passages of Thought: Empire's Inserts
Scattered throughout Hardt and Negri's Empire are a number of short sections whose manifesto-like energy contrasts with the relatively expository style of the main text. These passages, modeled after the scholie of Spinoza's Ethics, are meant to suggest new ways of thinking about material already presented, to highlight the affective aspect of the material, and to point to hidden connections among different discursive elements. Several of these w…
The eurocentrism of history
La production biopolitique
Gilles Deleuze: An Apprenticeship in Philosophy
The coming community
Whatever From limbo Example Taking place Principlum indivuationis Ease Maneries Demonic Bartleby Irreparable Ethics Dim stockings Halos Pseudonym Without classes Outside Homonyms Shekinah Tiananmen.
Gilles Deleuze: An Apprenticeship in Philosophy
The Withering of Civil Society
The concept of civil society has enjoyed a new life in recent years, not Michael Hardt only in Western Europe and North America, where indeed it has had a long and varied career in support of various political positions, but in countries throughout the world, particularly in those countries today making the transition from socialism to capitalism in Asia and Eastern Europe as well as in the postdictatorial and postauthoritarian regimes in Latin A…
Postmodern Law and the withering of civil society
Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Labor of Dionysus: A Critique of the State‐Form (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994). Theory Out of Bounds series, volume 4. Pages: 350. ISBN: 0–8166–2086–5. Price: US$24.95/c £17.99
Die Arbeit des Dionysos: Materialistische Staatskritik in der Postmoderne
Prison Time
Empire
La production biopolitique
Sovereignty
Adventures of the Multitude: Response of the Authors
The eurocentrism of history
L'histoire eurocentrée
Return of the Meta-Narratives
William Vaughan, Return of the Meta-Narratives, South Central Review, Vol. 19/20, Vol. 19, no. 4 - Vol. 20, no. 1, Murdering Marianne?: Violence, Gender and Representation in French Literature and Film (Winter, 2002 - Spring, 2003), pp. 135-141
Porto Alegre: Today’s Bandung
The World Social Forum at Porto Alegre has become symbolic of the forces beginning to shape a front of common resistance to the pattern of imperial globalization. Yet its character and composition remain little understood. Michael Hardt analyses the debates within it, and their political potential
Subterranean Passages of Thought: Empire's Inserts
Scattered throughout Hardt and Negri's Empire are a number of short sections whose manifesto-like energy contrasts with the relatively expository style of the main text. These passages, modeled after the scholie of Spinoza's Ethics, are meant to suggest new ways of thinking about material already presented, to highlight the affective aspect of the material, and to point to hidden connections among different discursive elements. Several of these w…
The Global Coliseum: On Empire
In this interview with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Brown and Szeman press the authors of Empire on a number of questions which have arisen both out of their own use of Empire 's theoretical and political framework and, given Empire 's immense popularity both within the academy and outside it, out of more widespread controversies surrounding the book. What is the relationship between the theory of Empire and the new American Empire which some…
Mængden mod Imperiet
Globalisering og demokrati
Den dominerende moderne opfattelse af demokrati er intimt forbundet med nationalstaten. Med et nyt fokus på udøvelsen af nationalstatens suverænitet hævder forfatterne, at Empire refererer til en ny form for suverænitet, der ikke anerkender nogen grænser, eller rettere: som kun anerkender mobile grænser. Begrebet om folket som en repræsentativ enhed erstattes af begrebet om en multitude, der udelukkende refererer til en singulær mangfoldighed, en…
Critical Response I The Rod of the Forest Warden: A Response to Timothy Brennan
Vers une science des étrangers: Entretien avec Brian Holmes & Jon Salomon
Dans cet entretien Michael Hardt analyse les évolutions apportées à l'équilibre du pouvoir impérial par la guerre en Irak. L'unilatéralisme américain débouche sur une situation militaire intenable ; mais le multilatérisme européen ne signifierait qu'un partage des profits par quelques autres grandes puissances. Les manifestations du 15 février 2003, prolongeant par leur mode d'organisation le cycle de luttes altermondialistes, sont plus prometteu…
Multitude: War and democracy in the age of Empire
In their international bestseller Empire, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri presented a grand unified vision of a world in which the old forms of imperialism are no longer effective, and the various nation-states, even the most powerful, have to surrender much of their sovereignty to a supranational, multidimensional network of power they call Empire." "But what of Empire in an age of "American empire"? Many say that the unilateral war on terror co…
L'exposition de la chair chez Pasolini
Poursuivant la réflexion de Pasolini dans le poème La crucifixion, Michael Hardt fait de la passion du Christ le modèle de l’offrande de la chair, de l’affirmation païenne de la continuité entre immanence et transcendance. Par l’érotisme de son exposition sur la croix, le Christ nous invite à nous unir comme lui dans la chair. Il fait partager l’expérience de la chair, de sa souffrance et de sa joie à ceux qui le regardent, et arrache ce faisant …
Immaterial Labor and Artistic Production
Warren Montag's Louis Althusser is a wonderfully clear introduction to Althusser's thought that demonstrates in particular how his work continues to be useful for literary studies. Montag's most original contribution is that he demonstrates that artistic production is at the center of Althusser's thought. The emerging hegemony of immaterial labor and the significance of immaterial forms of property combine to make Althusser's thought newly releva…
Second Empire; or, The Eighteenth Brumaire of George W. Bush
Political science (38 works) · Sociology (31 works) · Philosophy (30 works) · Law (29 works) · Politics (24 works) · Art (18 works) · History (17 works) · Law (17 works) · Philosophy (16 works) · Epistemology (15 works)