Gerardo Marin
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 75681 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Gerardo Marin |
| PRENOMES | Gerardo |
| SOBRENOME | Marin |
| ASSINATURA | MARIN G |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of San Francisco |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2021-3436 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 42 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1438 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 41 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Nociones de persona, lo político y las relacionalidades
El artículo ofrece un recorrido conceptual por la antropología en el tratamiento de la relación entre las sociedades y el ambiente, que tuvo un punto de inflexión a partir de la denominada “antropología de la naturaleza”. Este trabajo repiensa conceptos fundacionales como adaptación, naturaleza, cultura, alteridad y persona. El objetivo del artículo es abordar el quiebre paradigmático que ha permitido a la antropología enlaces y diálogos con otra…
Acculturation
Conceptual Approaches to Acculturation, John W. Berry Major Approaches to the Measurement of Acculturation Among Ethnic Minority Populations - A Content Analysis and an Alternative Empirical Strategy, Nolan Zane, Winnie Mak Ethnic Identity and Acculturation, Jean S. Phinney Acculturation and Changes in Cutlural Values, Gerardo Marin, Raymond J. Gamba Acculturation Among Ethnic Minority Families, Kevin M. Chun, Phillip K. Akutsu The Influence of A…
Factor Variability of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Among Urban Latinos
Establishing comparable measurement properties across different populations or in different population subgroups is a crucial yet often neglected step in instrument development. Failure to have comparable factor structures across groups makes any comparison between groups suspect. Previous analyses of the measurement structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in diverse racial/ethnic populations have resulted in co…
Cultura subjetiva en intervenciones de salud
Un numero representativo de publicaciones recientes en el area de la promocion de la salud mental y fisica en los Estados Unidos ha discutido la necesidad de desarrollar planes de prevencion que reflejen de una manera apropiada las caracteristicas culturales del grupo etnico o cultural en cuestion. Este enfasis en la identificacion y aplicacion de las caracteristicas basicas de una cultura en las actividades de la promocion de la salud se debe pr…
Teaching an Undergraduate Course on Ethnic Diversity
In this article, we describe a course, the Psychology of Ethnic Groups in the United States, to illustrate possible issues to address within an ethnic diversity psychology course. The purpose of this course is to educate, sensitize, and stimulate critical thinking about the role of culture and ethnicity in human social behavior with an emphasis on 4 major ethnic groups in the United States: African Americans, American Indians, Asian Americans, an…
Perceptions by Hispanics of channels and sources of health messages regarding cigarette smoking
Hispanics differ from non-Hispanic whites in their evaluation of various possible sources and channels of information about tobacco control. Culturally appropriate interventions for Hispanics need to be designed so as to use those channels and sources of information that are more positively perceived by Hispanics
A New Measurement of Acculturation for Hispanics
This article reports the development ofa bidimensional acculturation scaleforHispanics (BAS). The scale provides an acculturation score for two major cultural dimensions (Hispanic and non-Hispanic domains) by including 12 items (per cultural domain) that measure three language-related areas. A random sample of 254 adult Hispanics was surveyed to develop and validate the scale. The scores obtained with the BAS show high internal consistency and hi…
Behavioral risk factors
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences between Latino and non-Latino White adults in health-related behavioral risk factors. METHODS. Telephone interviews were conducted with 652 Latinos and 584 non-Latino Whites in San Francisco selected by random-digit dialing. RESULTS. Latino men and women, compared with their non-Latino White counterparts, were less likely to have consumed any alcoholic beverage in the previous month…
Research with Hispanic Populations
Defining culturally appropriate community interventions
This article proposes three components that are needed in order to develop communitywide change interventions that are culturally appropriate or group-specific. The basis for the development of targeted group-specific interventions is the quickly accumulating evidence that shows that ethnic and/or racial groups differ in terms of their cultural values, norms, expectancies, and attitudes. These differences predicate the notion that in order to be …
The Role of Expectations in Religious Conversions
Issues in the measurement of acculturation among Hispanics
Intervention from family members as a strategy for preventing HIV transmission among intravenous drug users
This exploratory study, undertaken to inform new prevention strategies, assessed the willingness of community members and drug users to advise drug-using relatives about various HIV prevention strategies. Participants were 421 adult community members and 67 adults in treatment for drug abuse in San Francisco, with approximately equal numbers of Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites in each group. Participants answered questions about whether they wou…
Pérez-Stable and Colleagues Respond
Pérez-Stable and Colleagues Respond Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, Barbara Marín, Gerardo Marín, and Neal Benowitz W J McCarthy, N H Caskey, and M E JarvikCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1172 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Predictors of condom accessibility among Hispanics in San Francisco
Ready access to condoms can be an important means of slowing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus. We identified the factors associated with keeping or carrying condoms in a random-digit dialing survey of 522 Hispanic adults aged 18 to 65 years in San Francisco. Overall, more Hispanic men reported having condoms than Hispanic women (55.2% vs 23.8%). Hispanic men also reported much higher levels of risky sex…
Extreme Response Style and Acquiescence among Hispanics
Secondary analyses were carried out with four large data sets that included responses by Hispanics (N = 1,908) and by non-Hispanic Whites (N = 14,425). Results are fairly consistent in showing that Hispanics prefer extreme responses to a greater extent than non-Hispanic Whites. In general, Hispanics prefer to agree with a given item more than non-Hispanic Whites. Two significant variables seem to affect the rate at which these response styles are…
Research with Hispanic Populations
Changes in information as a function of a culturally appropriate smoking cessation community intervention for Hispanics
Tested a 7-month, media-based, community intervention among Hispanics in San Francisco designed to change levels of information on the damaging effects of cigarette smoking and on the availability of culturally appropriate cessation services. Three community-wide surveys of Hispanics were conducted with independent random samples, two as baselines (n = 1,660 and 2,053) and one postintervention (n = 1,965). Results showed that changes in the level…
Feasibility of a telephone survey to study a minority community
In two random digit dialing surveys conducted among Hispanics using a modified Mitofsky-Waksberg procedure, we found low refusal rates (4.7% and 3.1%), low assumed noncontact rate (14.0% and 18.3%), and high response rates (88.6% and 88.4%) with limited investment in time (1.58 hours and 1.66 hours per completed interview). These results suggest that Hispanics are willing to participate in telephone surveys and that this method may be feasible an…
Apparent underreporting of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers
To determine the accuracy of self-report of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers, we compared self-reported cigarette use and serum cotinine concentrations in a sample of 547 participants in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). We defined underreporting of cigarette use as a cotinine to cigarette-per-day ratio of greater than 0.142 microM/l which represented a substantial discrepancy between self-reported…
Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among Latinos in San Francisco
We administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale to 547 San Francisco Latinos as part of a random digit dialing telephone survey to evaluate smoking behavior. Both men and women current smokers had the highest mean CES-D levels (9.7 and 14.3, respectively). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for gender, acculturation, education, age, and employment showed that current smokers had an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI = 1…
Cultural Differences in Attitudes and Expectancies Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Smokers
Cultural differences between 263 Hispanic and 150 non-Hispanic White smokers were studied. Differences were found in the antecedents of smoking (e.g., lower significance of smoking as relaxation for Hispanics), consequences of smoking (eg., Hispanics' concern for harming the health of their children), consequences of quitting (e.g., the Hispanic expectancy of providing a better example to their children by quitting), and in the generalized attitu…
Differences Between Hispanics and Non-Hispanics in Willingness to Provide Aids Prevention Advice
Differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in reactions to talking to a relative at risk for HIV infection were explored. Interviews were conducted with 218 Hispanic and 201 non-Hispanic white adults in San Francisco. Hispanic respondents were more willing than non-Hispanic whites to talk to a hypothetical intravenous drugusing relative about various methods of preventing HIV transmission, more strongly believed the drug-using relative…
Effects of Acculturation on Knowledge of Aids and HIV among Hispanics
Knowledge about AIDS and HIV transmission was assessed in a representative sample of 460 San Francisco Hispanics to identify the relationship of acculturation to AIDS knowledge. A random-digit-dialing survey using a modified Mitofsky-Waksberg sampling technique was conducted ofHispanics residing in areas of San Francisco with 10% or more Hispanic population. Results indicated generally good knowledge of the true modes of transmission of HIV, but …
Cigarette smoking among San Francisco Hispanics
We conducted a phone survey of 1,669 San Francisco Hispanics ages 15 to 64 years. The age-adjusted overall smoking prevalence was 25.4 per cent (95% CI = 23.3, 27.5) with more men (32.4 per cent) smoking than women (16.8 per cent). Age-adjusted smoking rates were higher among the less acculturated males (37.5 vs 26.7 per cent) and among the more acculturated females (22.6 vs 13.6 per cent). The more acculturated, however, smoked a greater number …
Hispanic Familism and Acculturation
This investigation studied the effects of acculturation on attitudinal familism in 452 Hispanics compared to 227 white nonHispanics. Despite differences in the national origin of Hispanics, Mexican-, Central -and Cuban-Americans reported similar attitudes toward the family indicating that familism is a core characteristic in the Hispanic culture. Three basic dimensions of familism were found: Familial obligations, perceived support from the famil…
Development of a Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics
This article reports the development of a short (12-item) acculturation scale for Hispanics. Separate factor analyses of the responses of 363 Hispanics and 228 non-Hispanic whites produced three factors: "Language Use," "Media," and "Ethnic Social Relations." The 12-item scale (explaining 67.6% of the variance for Hispanics) correlated highly with the following validation criteria: respondents' generation, length of residence in the U.S., age at …
A New Measurement of Acculturation for Hispanics
This article reports the development ofa bidimensional acculturation scaleforHispanics (BAS). The scale provides an acculturation score for two major cultural dimensions (Hispanic and non-Hispanic domains) by including 12 items (per cultural domain) that measure three language-related areas. A random sample of 254 adult Hispanics was surveyed to develop and validate the scale. The scores obtained with the BAS show high internal consistency and hi…
Simpatía as a cultural script of Hispanics
A cultural script is a pattern of social interaction which is characteristic of a particular cultural group. Simpatia, and its component harmony, or the emphasis on positive behaviors in positive situations (e.g., complimenting somebody who has done a good job) and the de-emphasis of negative behaviors in negative situations (e.g., criticising) may be a Hispanic cultural script. Lower status individuals are not supposed to show aggression even wh…
Extreme Response Style and Acquiescence among Hispanics
Secondary analyses were carried out with four large data sets that included responses by Hispanics (N = 1,908) and by non-Hispanic Whites (N = 14,425). Results are fairly consistent in showing that Hispanics prefer extreme responses to a greater extent than non-Hispanic Whites. In general, Hispanics prefer to agree with a given item more than non-Hispanic Whites. Two significant variables seem to affect the rate at which these response styles are…
Issues in the prevention of Aids among Black and Hispanic men
Cigarette smoking among San Francisco Hispanics
We conducted a phone survey of 1,669 San Francisco Hispanics ages 15 to 64 years. The age-adjusted overall smoking prevalence was 25.4 per cent (95% CI = 23.3, 27.5) with more men (32.4 per cent) smoking than women (16.8 per cent). Age-adjusted smoking rates were higher among the less acculturated males (37.5 vs 26.7 per cent) and among the more acculturated females (22.6 vs 13.6 per cent). The more acculturated, however, smoked a greater number …
Behavioral risk factors
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences between Latino and non-Latino White adults in health-related behavioral risk factors. METHODS. Telephone interviews were conducted with 652 Latinos and 584 non-Latino Whites in San Francisco selected by random-digit dialing. RESULTS. Latino men and women, compared with their non-Latino White counterparts, were less likely to have consumed any alcoholic beverage in the previous month…
Etic Plus Emic Versus Pseudoetic
A basic assumption of cross-cultural psychology, that instruments made in one culture and applied to another culture would not be as useful as instruments made in each of the cultures in which they are to be used, was tested with samples of "Mainstream" and Hispanic naval recruits. Some subjects (62 Mainstream and 60 Hispanic recruits) responded to a role differential that consisted of 30 roles judged on 20 behavior scales taken from a previous s…
Ethnic Affirmation Versus Social Desirability
An analysis was made as to the possible explanations for the fact that bilinguals provide different responses when answering in each of their two languages. Spanish/ English bilinguals answered a paper-and-pencil instrument that contained emic and etic questions. Cultural "anchors"were obtained from a sample of monolingual students, and groups of Hispanic and Anglo psychologists rated the social desirability of all items. The results show that al…
Effects of Acculturation on Knowledge of Aids and HIV among Hispanics
Knowledge about AIDS and HIV transmission was assessed in a representative sample of 460 San Francisco Hispanics to identify the relationship of acculturation to AIDS knowledge. A random-digit-dialing survey using a modified Mitofsky-Waksberg sampling technique was conducted ofHispanics residing in areas of San Francisco with 10% or more Hispanic population. Results indicated generally good knowledge of the true modes of transmission of HIV, but …
Apparent underreporting of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers
To determine the accuracy of self-report of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers, we compared self-reported cigarette use and serum cotinine concentrations in a sample of 547 participants in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). We defined underreporting of cigarette use as a cotinine to cigarette-per-day ratio of greater than 0.142 microM/l which represented a substantial discrepancy between self-reported…
A Comparison of Three Interviewing Approaches for Studying Sensitive Topics with Hispanics
This study compared three interviewing approaches that varied in terms of anonymity when dealing with sensitive topics. Random samples of Hispanics were asked to report illegal substance use and types and frequencies of sexual behavior over the telephone or in a verbal or private face-to-face interview. Results show that Hispanics can easily be surveyed utilizing any of the three approaches and that these interviewing methods produce similar outc…
The Role of Acculturation in the Attitudes, Norms, and Expectancies of Hispanic Smokers
Data from 263 Hispanic smokers in the San Francisco area showed that, in general, among the highly acculturated, attitudes, norms, and expectancies toward smoking resembled those held by an equivalent group of white non-Hispanic smokers. Level of acculturation had no significant effect on generalized attitudes toward smoking, but it was associated with the level of certainty with which five stereotypes were assigned to smokers. Acculturation leve…
Utilization of Traditional and Non-Traditional Sources of Health Care among Hispanics
A random sample of 100 low-income Hispanics was interviewed regarding patterns of health care utilization and perceptions of underutilization of health services by members of their community. Responses showed substantially low rates of utilization of preventive services although most respondents knew when care should be sought. Utilization rates of folk providers (Curanderos, yerberos, etc.) were minimal among this sample. Financial difficulties …
Stereotyping among Hispanics and Anglos
U.S. Navy recruits (Hispanics and Anglos) provided autostereotypes and heterostereotypes of blacks, whites, and several Hispanic ethnic groups, by judging on a ten-point scale how likely it was for each of fifteen traits to be a characteristic of a given stimulus group. All autostereotypes were favorable. The Anglos had a more uniform, though not especially intensive, autostereotype than the Hispanics. The Anglo heterostereotype of Hispanics was …
Predictors of condom accessibility among Hispanics in San Francisco
Ready access to condoms can be an important means of slowing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus. We identified the factors associated with keeping or carrying condoms in a random-digit dialing survey of 522 Hispanic adults aged 18 to 65 years in San Francisco. Overall, more Hispanic men reported having condoms than Hispanic women (55.2% vs 23.8%). Hispanic men also reported much higher levels of risky sex…
Feasibility of a telephone survey to study a minority community
In two random digit dialing surveys conducted among Hispanics using a modified Mitofsky-Waksberg procedure, we found low refusal rates (4.7% and 3.1%), low assumed noncontact rate (14.0% and 18.3%), and high response rates (88.6% and 88.4%) with limited investment in time (1.58 hours and 1.66 hours per completed interview). These results suggest that Hispanics are willing to participate in telephone surveys and that this method may be feasible an…
Stereotyping Hispanics
Role Perceptions of Hispanic Young Adults
Three studies explored the role perceptions of samples of Hispanic Navy recruits. Three different methods were used: (1) role differentials, in which a role, such as son-mother; and behaviors, such as "tells secrets to," were presented to subjects who estimated the frequency of the behavior on a ten-point scale ranging from never to always; (2) behavior differentials, in which stimuli, such as father, and behaviors that the subjects themselves en…
Perceived Self-Efficacy to Avoid Cigarette Smoking and Addiction
We interviewed 263 Hispanic and 150 non-Hispanic white smokers in order to evaluate cultural differences in perceived self-efficacy to avoid cigarette smoking, and addiction to cigarettes. Non-Hispanic whites have higher levels of addiction to nicotine and smoke more cigarettes than Hispanics, but increasing acculturation minimized cultural differences. Perceived self-efficacy to avoid smoking was negatively related to the perceived level of addi…
Determinants of Hetero-and Autostereotypes
This study analyzed the responses of 1,184 college students from seven countries in the Americas regarding their auto- and heterostereotypes. The instrument included emic scales (culture-specific) and a set of etic scales (composed of semantic differential scales). The autostereotype as measured by the etic scales was found to be fairly positive in most groups of respondents. Both auto- and heterostereotypes were highly uniform (with uniformity o…
Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among Latinos in San Francisco
We administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale to 547 San Francisco Latinos as part of a random digit dialing telephone survey to evaluate smoking behavior. Both men and women current smokers had the highest mean CES-D levels (9.7 and 14.3, respectively). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for gender, acculturation, education, age, and employment showed that current smokers had an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI = 1…
Factor Variability of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Among Urban Latinos
Establishing comparable measurement properties across different populations or in different population subgroups is a crucial yet often neglected step in instrument development. Failure to have comparable factor structures across groups makes any comparison between groups suspect. Previous analyses of the measurement structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in diverse racial/ethnic populations have resulted in co…
Differences Between Hispanics and Non-Hispanics in Willingness to Provide Aids Prevention Advice
Differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in reactions to talking to a relative at risk for HIV infection were explored. Interviews were conducted with 218 Hispanic and 201 non-Hispanic white adults in San Francisco. Hispanic respondents were more willing than non-Hispanic whites to talk to a hypothetical intravenous drugusing relative about various methods of preventing HIV transmission, more strongly believed the drug-using relative…
Health Care Utilization by Low-Income Clients of a Community Clinic
An archival study was done of 500 medical records from a community clinic serving a low-income predominantly Hispanic area of Los Angeles. Data collected included demographic characteristics and presenting symptoms or reasons for visit, as well as diagnoses and treatment. Patients tended to be young, poor, female Hispanics. The majority of patient visits were for family planning services, with smaller proportions for pediatric, general medical, o…
Stereotyping among Hispanics and Anglos
U.S. Navy recruits (Hispanics and Anglos) provided autostereotypes and heterostereotypes of blacks, whites, and several Hispanic ethnic groups, by judging on a ten-point scale how likely it was for each of fifteen traits to be a characteristic of a given stimulus group. All autostereotypes were favorable. The Anglos had a more uniform, though not especially intensive, autostereotype than the Hispanics. The Anglo heterostereotype of Hispanics was …
Utilization of Traditional and Non-Traditional Sources of Health Care among Hispanics
A random sample of 100 low-income Hispanics was interviewed regarding patterns of health care utilization and perceptions of underutilization of health services by members of their community. Responses showed substantially low rates of utilization of preventive services although most respondents knew when care should be sought. Utilization rates of folk providers (Curanderos, yerberos, etc.) were minimal among this sample. Financial difficulties …
Etic Plus Emic Versus Pseudoetic
A basic assumption of cross-cultural psychology, that instruments made in one culture and applied to another culture would not be as useful as instruments made in each of the cultures in which they are to be used, was tested with samples of "Mainstream" and Hispanic naval recruits. Some subjects (62 Mainstream and 60 Hispanic recruits) responded to a role differential that consisted of 30 roles judged on 20 behavior scales taken from a previous s…
Ethnic Affirmation Versus Social Desirability
An analysis was made as to the possible explanations for the fact that bilinguals provide different responses when answering in each of their two languages. Spanish/ English bilinguals answered a paper-and-pencil instrument that contained emic and etic questions. Cultural "anchors"were obtained from a sample of monolingual students, and groups of Hispanic and Anglo psychologists rated the social desirability of all items. The results show that al…
Stereotyping Hispanics
Individual models of social behavior
Simpatía as a cultural script of Hispanics
A cultural script is a pattern of social interaction which is characteristic of a particular cultural group. Simpatia, and its component harmony, or the emphasis on positive behaviors in positive situations (e.g., complimenting somebody who has done a good job) and the de-emphasis of negative behaviors in negative situations (e.g., criticising) may be a Hispanic cultural script. Lower status individuals are not supposed to show aggression even wh…
Role Perceptions of Hispanic Young Adults
Three studies explored the role perceptions of samples of Hispanic Navy recruits. Three different methods were used: (1) role differentials, in which a role, such as son-mother; and behaviors, such as "tells secrets to," were presented to subjects who estimated the frequency of the behavior on a ten-point scale ranging from never to always; (2) behavior differentials, in which stimuli, such as father, and behaviors that the subjects themselves en…
Determinants of Hetero-and Autostereotypes
This study analyzed the responses of 1,184 college students from seven countries in the Americas regarding their auto- and heterostereotypes. The instrument included emic scales (culture-specific) and a set of etic scales (composed of semantic differential scales). The autostereotype as measured by the etic scales was found to be fairly positive in most groups of respondents. Both auto- and heterostereotypes were highly uniform (with uniformity o…
The measurement of the etic aspects of individualism and collectivism across cultures
The dimension of individualism-collectivism, as identified by Hofstede (1980), was studied using items developed both theoretically and emically in nine diverse cultures. The dimension was found to be analysable into four stable etic factors: Individualism had two aspects (Separation from Ingroups and Self-Reliance with Hedonism) and collectivism had two aspects (Family Integrity and Interdependence with Sociability). These four factors are ortho…
Hispanic Familism and Acculturation
This investigation studied the effects of acculturation on attitudinal familism in 452 Hispanics compared to 227 white nonHispanics. Despite differences in the national origin of Hispanics, Mexican-, Central -and Cuban-Americans reported similar attitudes toward the family indicating that familism is a core characteristic in the Hispanic culture. Three basic dimensions of familism were found: Familial obligations, perceived support from the famil…
Development of a Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics
This article reports the development of a short (12-item) acculturation scale for Hispanics. Separate factor analyses of the responses of 363 Hispanics and 228 non-Hispanic whites produced three factors: "Language Use," "Media," and "Ethnic Social Relations." The 12-item scale (explaining 67.6% of the variance for Hispanics) correlated highly with the following validation criteria: respondents' generation, length of residence in the U.S., age at …
Issues in the prevention of Aids among Black and Hispanic men
Cigarette smoking among San Francisco Hispanics
We conducted a phone survey of 1,669 San Francisco Hispanics ages 15 to 64 years. The age-adjusted overall smoking prevalence was 25.4 per cent (95% CI = 23.3, 27.5) with more men (32.4 per cent) smoking than women (16.8 per cent). Age-adjusted smoking rates were higher among the less acculturated males (37.5 vs 26.7 per cent) and among the more acculturated females (22.6 vs 13.6 per cent). The more acculturated, however, smoked a greater number …
Perceived Self-Efficacy to Avoid Cigarette Smoking and Addiction
We interviewed 263 Hispanic and 150 non-Hispanic white smokers in order to evaluate cultural differences in perceived self-efficacy to avoid cigarette smoking, and addiction to cigarettes. Non-Hispanic whites have higher levels of addiction to nicotine and smoke more cigarettes than Hispanics, but increasing acculturation minimized cultural differences. Perceived self-efficacy to avoid smoking was negatively related to the perceived level of addi…
A Comparison of Three Interviewing Approaches for Studying Sensitive Topics with Hispanics
This study compared three interviewing approaches that varied in terms of anonymity when dealing with sensitive topics. Random samples of Hispanics were asked to report illegal substance use and types and frequencies of sexual behavior over the telephone or in a verbal or private face-to-face interview. Results show that Hispanics can easily be surveyed utilizing any of the three approaches and that these interviewing methods produce similar outc…
The Role of Acculturation in the Attitudes, Norms, and Expectancies of Hispanic Smokers
Data from 263 Hispanic smokers in the San Francisco area showed that, in general, among the highly acculturated, attitudes, norms, and expectancies toward smoking resembled those held by an equivalent group of white non-Hispanic smokers. Level of acculturation had no significant effect on generalized attitudes toward smoking, but it was associated with the level of certainty with which five stereotypes were assigned to smokers. Acculturation leve…
Changes in information as a function of a culturally appropriate smoking cessation community intervention for Hispanics
Tested a 7-month, media-based, community intervention among Hispanics in San Francisco designed to change levels of information on the damaging effects of cigarette smoking and on the availability of culturally appropriate cessation services. Three community-wide surveys of Hispanics were conducted with independent random samples, two as baselines (n = 1,660 and 2,053) and one postintervention (n = 1,965). Results showed that changes in the level…
Feasibility of a telephone survey to study a minority community
In two random digit dialing surveys conducted among Hispanics using a modified Mitofsky-Waksberg procedure, we found low refusal rates (4.7% and 3.1%), low assumed noncontact rate (14.0% and 18.3%), and high response rates (88.6% and 88.4%) with limited investment in time (1.58 hours and 1.66 hours per completed interview). These results suggest that Hispanics are willing to participate in telephone surveys and that this method may be feasible an…
Apparent underreporting of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers
To determine the accuracy of self-report of cigarette consumption among Mexican American smokers, we compared self-reported cigarette use and serum cotinine concentrations in a sample of 547 participants in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). We defined underreporting of cigarette use as a cotinine to cigarette-per-day ratio of greater than 0.142 microM/l which represented a substantial discrepancy between self-reported…
Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among Latinos in San Francisco
We administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale to 547 San Francisco Latinos as part of a random digit dialing telephone survey to evaluate smoking behavior. Both men and women current smokers had the highest mean CES-D levels (9.7 and 14.3, respectively). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for gender, acculturation, education, age, and employment showed that current smokers had an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI = 1…
Cultural Differences in Attitudes and Expectancies Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Smokers
Cultural differences between 263 Hispanic and 150 non-Hispanic White smokers were studied. Differences were found in the antecedents of smoking (e.g., lower significance of smoking as relaxation for Hispanics), consequences of smoking (eg., Hispanics' concern for harming the health of their children), consequences of quitting (e.g., the Hispanic expectancy of providing a better example to their children by quitting), and in the generalized attitu…
Differences Between Hispanics and Non-Hispanics in Willingness to Provide Aids Prevention Advice
Differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in reactions to talking to a relative at risk for HIV infection were explored. Interviews were conducted with 218 Hispanic and 201 non-Hispanic white adults in San Francisco. Hispanic respondents were more willing than non-Hispanic whites to talk to a hypothetical intravenous drugusing relative about various methods of preventing HIV transmission, more strongly believed the drug-using relative…
Effects of Acculturation on Knowledge of Aids and HIV among Hispanics
Knowledge about AIDS and HIV transmission was assessed in a representative sample of 460 San Francisco Hispanics to identify the relationship of acculturation to AIDS knowledge. A random-digit-dialing survey using a modified Mitofsky-Waksberg sampling technique was conducted ofHispanics residing in areas of San Francisco with 10% or more Hispanic population. Results indicated generally good knowledge of the true modes of transmission of HIV, but …
Psychology (28 obras) · Medicine (22 obras) · Sociology (22 obras) · Demography (21 obras) · Social Psychology (20 obras) · Ethnic group (19 obras) · Acculturation (16 obras) · Gerontology (15 obras) · Anthropology (12 obras) · Social Psychology (12 obras)