Susan Harter
Biographic Data
| ID | 757014 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Susan Harter |
| GIVEN NAMES | Susan |
| FAMILY NAME | Harter |
| SIGNATURE | HARTER S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Denver |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 395 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1965 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Self-Development in Childhood and Adolescence
Self-Perception Profile for Children
Effectance Motivation Reconsidered. Toward a Developmental Model
The purpose of this paper is to refine and extend White’s model of effectance motivation, with particular emphasis on its developmental implications. This expanded model focusses on the following: the need to isolate components of effectance motivation at different developmental levels; an examination of the effects of failure as well as success; the relationship between task challenge and the degree of pleasure experienced; the role of social ag…
Relational expression of ethnic identity in Chinese Americans
The conceptualization of ethnic identity as a dynamic construct differentially expressed as a function of relational context was examined in 207 Chinese Americans. Relational differentiations were made such that individuals expressed their ethnic identity most when with Asian peers, followed by parents, then Caucasian peers. Factor analysis supported differentiations across same-ethnic and different-ethnic contexts. To illustrate the utility of a…
Reflected Appraisals, Academic Self-Perceptions, and Math/Science Performance During Early Adolescence.
The authors tested a model of the relations among adolescents' perceptions of parents', teachers', and classmates' support for, valuing of, and beliefs about their competence in math/science; adolescents' own academic self-perceptions concerning math/science; and their academic performance. The sample included 378 middle school students; 65% were Latino, and 21% were European American. Reflected appraisals of adults' beliefs concerning both the i…
Beyond the Debate
Within the field of personality and social psychology, there has been historical controversy over whether constructs such as self‐esteem are stable over time and situation or whether they are changeable. One response to this question has been to invoke two types of self‐esteem or self‐worth, trait self‐esteem and state self‐esteem. Thus it has been asserted that adolescents, the participants in this paper, have both a baseline self‐esteem as well…
Relationship Styles of Self-Focused Autonomy, Other-Focused Connectedness, and Mutuality across Multiple Relationship Contexts
This study examined relationship styles of self-focused autonomy, other-focused connectedness, or mutuality with mothers, fathers, best friends, and romantic partners to determine if styles would be used consistently or would vary across relationships. Participants included 257 college students ( M= 21.6 years). Mutuality was the most commonly reported relationship style in all relationship contexts, and no sex differences in style were found. Mo…
The Authenticity of Conflict Resolutions Among Adult Couples
The Role of Power and Authenticity in Relationship Styles Emphasizing Autonomy, Connectedness, or Mutuality among Adult Couples
This study examined relationship styles of self-focused autonomy (SFA), other-focused connection (OFC), and mutuality in adult couples, examining the links among relationship style, power, authenticity, and psychological health. Participants included 251 couples in long-term heterosexual relationships, with each partner completing a separate survey questionnaire (N = 502). Most participants reported having a mutual style, and in half of the coupl…
Level of voice among female and male high school students
Adolescence brings with it displays of false self-behavior, including the suppression of opinions. C. Gilligan (1993) argued that lack of "voice" is problematic for girls when they enter adolescence. In the present study, the authors examined level of self-reported voice with parents, teachers, male classmates, female classmates, and close friends among both female and male high school students. Findings revealed no gender differences nor evidenc…
Similarities and Differences in Domain-Specific and Global Self-Evaluations of Learning-Disabled, Behaviorally Disordered, and Normally Achieving Adolescents
Similarities and differences in the domain-specific and global self-evaluations of 235 normally achieving, 118 learning-disabled, and 70 behaviorally disordered adolescents were documented. Factor analysis revealed eight discrete self-concept domains for each group. The importance of success in each domain was similar for each group, as were processes predicting level of self-worth. Consistent with W. James’ (1892) formulation, students with high…
Autonomy and Connectedness as Dimensions of Relationship Styles in Men and Women
This study identified a trichotomy of styles that characterize adults' relationships with partners: self-focused autonomy, other-focused connection, and mutuality. Each style was defined by several dimensions; dominance-submission, whose needs are met, sensitivity to the partner's feelings, clarity of feelings, separateness vs intimacy, and concern with the relationship. Participants were adults, aged 18-70 years, who responded to a newspaper sur…
Psychosocial risk factors contributing to adolescent suicidal ideation
Empirical evidence is presented for a model of risk factors contributing to suicidal ideation among a normative sample of adolescents as well as a clinical sample of inpatients with depression
Causes and Consequences of Low Self-Esteem in Children and Adolescents
Young Adolescents' Perceptions of the Link between Low Self-Worth and Depressed Affect
Previous research has documented a substantial correlation between global self-worth and affect (cheerful to depressed). It has typically been asserted that the self-evaluative component causally precedes the experience of affect. Efforts of the authors have caused them to question this claim In addressing adolescents' experience of the directionality of self-worth and depressed affect, approximately 40% report that low self-worth precedes depres…
Development analysis of conflict caused by opposing attributes in the adolescent self-portrait
The differentiation of the self was examined in 7th, 9th, and 11th graders who generated self-descriptors for the following 4 different roles : self in the classroom, with friends, with parents, and in romantic relationships. The findings revealed that the self becomes increasingly differentiated into role-related multiple selves with age. A central focus was on intrapsychic and affective consequences of opposing role-related self-attributes (e.g…
Individual Differences in the Effects of Educational Transitions on Young Adolescent’s Perceptions of Competence and Motivational Orientation
We conducted two studies to examine the effects of changing educational environments on children’s academic self-concepts and motivation. In the first study, we examined the effects of transitions to a new grade or a new school on children’s perceptions of their scholastic competence, their motivational orientation, and their anxiety and general affect about school performance. Four groups of children were examined longitudinally as they made the…
Children's understanding of the simultaneity of two emotions
The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children
The Perceived Competence Scale for Children
HARTER, SUSAN. The Perceived Competence Scale for Children. CmILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 87-97. A new self-report instrument, the Perceived Competence Scale for Children, is described. Emphasis is placed on the assessment of a child's sense of competence across different domains, instead of viewing perceived competence as a unitary construct. 3 domains of competence, each constituting a separate subscale, were identified: (a) cognitive, (b) socia…
A new self-report scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation in the classroom
Mastery motivation and the need for approval in older children and their relationship to social desirability response tendencies
Moral judgment in sociopathic and normal children
Mental age- and IQ-matched normal and sociopathic children were administered Kohlberg's moral development interview and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The results revealed that level of moral reasoning was higher for normal than for sociopathic children at both mental age levels. Within each group, high-mental-age children tended to have higher moral judgment scores than low-mental-age children, suggesting the presence of a general…
The assessment of effectance motivation in normal and retarded children
Effects of rate of stimulus presentation and penalty conditions on the discrimination learning of normal and retarded children
A new self-report scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation in the classroom
Level of voice among female and male high school students
Adolescence brings with it displays of false self-behavior, including the suppression of opinions. C. Gilligan (1993) argued that lack of "voice" is problematic for girls when they enter adolescence. In the present study, the authors examined level of self-reported voice with parents, teachers, male classmates, female classmates, and close friends among both female and male high school students. Findings revealed no gender differences nor evidenc…
Development analysis of conflict caused by opposing attributes in the adolescent self-portrait
The differentiation of the self was examined in 7th, 9th, and 11th graders who generated self-descriptors for the following 4 different roles : self in the classroom, with friends, with parents, and in romantic relationships. The findings revealed that the self becomes increasingly differentiated into role-related multiple selves with age. A central focus was on intrapsychic and affective consequences of opposing role-related self-attributes (e.g…
Children's understanding of the simultaneity of two emotions
The Lost-Letter Technique
Journal Article THE LOST-LETTER TECHNIQUE: A TOOL OF SOCIAL RESEARCH Get access STANLEY MILGRAM, STANLEY MILGRAM Stanley Milgram undertook this study while an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Yale University. He now teaches in the Department of Social Relations at Harvard University. Leon Mann and Susan Harter studied at Yale. Dr. Mann now teaches at the University of Melbourne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google …
The Role of Power and Authenticity in Relationship Styles Emphasizing Autonomy, Connectedness, or Mutuality among Adult Couples
This study examined relationship styles of self-focused autonomy (SFA), other-focused connection (OFC), and mutuality in adult couples, examining the links among relationship style, power, authenticity, and psychological health. Participants included 251 couples in long-term heterosexual relationships, with each partner completing a separate survey questionnaire (N = 502). Most participants reported having a mutual style, and in half of the coupl…
Individual Differences in the Effects of Educational Transitions on Young Adolescent’s Perceptions of Competence and Motivational Orientation
We conducted two studies to examine the effects of changing educational environments on children’s academic self-concepts and motivation. In the first study, we examined the effects of transitions to a new grade or a new school on children’s perceptions of their scholastic competence, their motivational orientation, and their anxiety and general affect about school performance. Four groups of children were examined longitudinally as they made the…
Relational expression of ethnic identity in Chinese Americans
The conceptualization of ethnic identity as a dynamic construct differentially expressed as a function of relational context was examined in 207 Chinese Americans. Relational differentiations were made such that individuals expressed their ethnic identity most when with Asian peers, followed by parents, then Caucasian peers. Factor analysis supported differentiations across same-ethnic and different-ethnic contexts. To illustrate the utility of a…
Autonomy and Connectedness as Dimensions of Relationship Styles in Men and Women
This study identified a trichotomy of styles that characterize adults' relationships with partners: self-focused autonomy, other-focused connection, and mutuality. Each style was defined by several dimensions; dominance-submission, whose needs are met, sensitivity to the partner's feelings, clarity of feelings, separateness vs intimacy, and concern with the relationship. Participants were adults, aged 18-70 years, who responded to a newspaper sur…
The Authenticity of Conflict Resolutions Among Adult Couples
The assessment of effectance motivation in normal and retarded children
Young Adolescents' Perceptions of the Link between Low Self-Worth and Depressed Affect
Previous research has documented a substantial correlation between global self-worth and affect (cheerful to depressed). It has typically been asserted that the self-evaluative component causally precedes the experience of affect. Efforts of the authors have caused them to question this claim In addressing adolescents' experience of the directionality of self-worth and depressed affect, approximately 40% report that low self-worth precedes depres…
Relationship Styles of Self-Focused Autonomy, Other-Focused Connectedness, and Mutuality across Multiple Relationship Contexts
This study examined relationship styles of self-focused autonomy, other-focused connectedness, or mutuality with mothers, fathers, best friends, and romantic partners to determine if styles would be used consistently or would vary across relationships. Participants included 257 college students ( M= 21.6 years). Mutuality was the most commonly reported relationship style in all relationship contexts, and no sex differences in style were found. Mo…
Similarities and Differences in Domain-Specific and Global Self-Evaluations of Learning-Disabled, Behaviorally Disordered, and Normally Achieving Adolescents
Similarities and differences in the domain-specific and global self-evaluations of 235 normally achieving, 118 learning-disabled, and 70 behaviorally disordered adolescents were documented. Factor analysis revealed eight discrete self-concept domains for each group. The importance of success in each domain was similar for each group, as were processes predicting level of self-worth. Consistent with W. James’ (1892) formulation, students with high…
Mastery motivation and the need for approval in older children and their relationship to social desirability response tendencies
Moral judgment in sociopathic and normal children
Mental age- and IQ-matched normal and sociopathic children were administered Kohlberg's moral development interview and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The results revealed that level of moral reasoning was higher for normal than for sociopathic children at both mental age levels. Within each group, high-mental-age children tended to have higher moral judgment scores than low-mental-age children, suggesting the presence of a general…
Effects of rate of stimulus presentation and penalty conditions on the discrimination learning of normal and retarded children
The Lost-Letter Technique
Journal Article THE LOST-LETTER TECHNIQUE: A TOOL OF SOCIAL RESEARCH Get access STANLEY MILGRAM, STANLEY MILGRAM Stanley Milgram undertook this study while an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Yale University. He now teaches in the Department of Social Relations at Harvard University. Leon Mann and Susan Harter studied at Yale. Dr. Mann now teaches at the University of Melbourne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google …
Effects of rate of stimulus presentation and penalty conditions on the discrimination learning of normal and retarded children
The assessment of effectance motivation in normal and retarded children
Mastery motivation and the need for approval in older children and their relationship to social desirability response tendencies
Moral judgment in sociopathic and normal children
Mental age- and IQ-matched normal and sociopathic children were administered Kohlberg's moral development interview and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The results revealed that level of moral reasoning was higher for normal than for sociopathic children at both mental age levels. Within each group, high-mental-age children tended to have higher moral judgment scores than low-mental-age children, suggesting the presence of a general…
A new self-report scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation in the classroom
The Perceived Competence Scale for Children
HARTER, SUSAN. The Perceived Competence Scale for Children. CmILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 87-97. A new self-report instrument, the Perceived Competence Scale for Children, is described. Emphasis is placed on the assessment of a child's sense of competence across different domains, instead of viewing perceived competence as a unitary construct. 3 domains of competence, each constituting a separate subscale, were identified: (a) cognitive, (b) socia…
The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children
Children's understanding of the simultaneity of two emotions
Development analysis of conflict caused by opposing attributes in the adolescent self-portrait
The differentiation of the self was examined in 7th, 9th, and 11th graders who generated self-descriptors for the following 4 different roles : self in the classroom, with friends, with parents, and in romantic relationships. The findings revealed that the self becomes increasingly differentiated into role-related multiple selves with age. A central focus was on intrapsychic and affective consequences of opposing role-related self-attributes (e.g…
Individual Differences in the Effects of Educational Transitions on Young Adolescent’s Perceptions of Competence and Motivational Orientation
We conducted two studies to examine the effects of changing educational environments on children’s academic self-concepts and motivation. In the first study, we examined the effects of transitions to a new grade or a new school on children’s perceptions of their scholastic competence, their motivational orientation, and their anxiety and general affect about school performance. Four groups of children were examined longitudinally as they made the…
Causes and Consequences of Low Self-Esteem in Children and Adolescents
Young Adolescents' Perceptions of the Link between Low Self-Worth and Depressed Affect
Previous research has documented a substantial correlation between global self-worth and affect (cheerful to depressed). It has typically been asserted that the self-evaluative component causally precedes the experience of affect. Efforts of the authors have caused them to question this claim In addressing adolescents' experience of the directionality of self-worth and depressed affect, approximately 40% report that low self-worth precedes depres…
Psychosocial risk factors contributing to adolescent suicidal ideation
Empirical evidence is presented for a model of risk factors contributing to suicidal ideation among a normative sample of adolescents as well as a clinical sample of inpatients with depression
Autonomy and Connectedness as Dimensions of Relationship Styles in Men and Women
This study identified a trichotomy of styles that characterize adults' relationships with partners: self-focused autonomy, other-focused connection, and mutuality. Each style was defined by several dimensions; dominance-submission, whose needs are met, sensitivity to the partner's feelings, clarity of feelings, separateness vs intimacy, and concern with the relationship. Participants were adults, aged 18-70 years, who responded to a newspaper sur…
Level of voice among female and male high school students
Adolescence brings with it displays of false self-behavior, including the suppression of opinions. C. Gilligan (1993) argued that lack of "voice" is problematic for girls when they enter adolescence. In the present study, the authors examined level of self-reported voice with parents, teachers, male classmates, female classmates, and close friends among both female and male high school students. Findings revealed no gender differences nor evidenc…
Similarities and Differences in Domain-Specific and Global Self-Evaluations of Learning-Disabled, Behaviorally Disordered, and Normally Achieving Adolescents
Similarities and differences in the domain-specific and global self-evaluations of 235 normally achieving, 118 learning-disabled, and 70 behaviorally disordered adolescents were documented. Factor analysis revealed eight discrete self-concept domains for each group. The importance of success in each domain was similar for each group, as were processes predicting level of self-worth. Consistent with W. James’ (1892) formulation, students with high…
The Authenticity of Conflict Resolutions Among Adult Couples
The Role of Power and Authenticity in Relationship Styles Emphasizing Autonomy, Connectedness, or Mutuality among Adult Couples
This study examined relationship styles of self-focused autonomy (SFA), other-focused connection (OFC), and mutuality in adult couples, examining the links among relationship style, power, authenticity, and psychological health. Participants included 251 couples in long-term heterosexual relationships, with each partner completing a separate survey questionnaire (N = 502). Most participants reported having a mutual style, and in half of the coupl…
Beyond the Debate
Within the field of personality and social psychology, there has been historical controversy over whether constructs such as self‐esteem are stable over time and situation or whether they are changeable. One response to this question has been to invoke two types of self‐esteem or self‐worth, trait self‐esteem and state self‐esteem. Thus it has been asserted that adolescents, the participants in this paper, have both a baseline self‐esteem as well…
Relationship Styles of Self-Focused Autonomy, Other-Focused Connectedness, and Mutuality across Multiple Relationship Contexts
This study examined relationship styles of self-focused autonomy, other-focused connectedness, or mutuality with mothers, fathers, best friends, and romantic partners to determine if styles would be used consistently or would vary across relationships. Participants included 257 college students ( M= 21.6 years). Mutuality was the most commonly reported relationship style in all relationship contexts, and no sex differences in style were found. Mo…
Reflected Appraisals, Academic Self-Perceptions, and Math/Science Performance During Early Adolescence.
The authors tested a model of the relations among adolescents' perceptions of parents', teachers', and classmates' support for, valuing of, and beliefs about their competence in math/science; adolescents' own academic self-perceptions concerning math/science; and their academic performance. The sample included 378 middle school students; 65% were Latino, and 21% were European American. Reflected appraisals of adults' beliefs concerning both the i…
Relational expression of ethnic identity in Chinese Americans
The conceptualization of ethnic identity as a dynamic construct differentially expressed as a function of relational context was examined in 207 Chinese Americans. Relational differentiations were made such that individuals expressed their ethnic identity most when with Asian peers, followed by parents, then Caucasian peers. Factor analysis supported differentiations across same-ethnic and different-ethnic contexts. To illustrate the utility of a…
Effectance Motivation Reconsidered. Toward a Developmental Model
The purpose of this paper is to refine and extend White’s model of effectance motivation, with particular emphasis on its developmental implications. This expanded model focusses on the following: the need to isolate components of effectance motivation at different developmental levels; an examination of the effects of failure as well as success; the relationship between task challenge and the degree of pleasure experienced; the role of social ag…
Self-Perception Profile for Children
Psychology (26 works) · Developmental psychology (23 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (6 works) · Perception (6 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (5 works) · Autonomy (4 works) · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness (4 works)