Rachel Ives
Biographic Data
| ID | 75706 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Rachel Ives |
| GIVEN NAMES | Rachel |
| FAMILY NAME | Ives |
| SIGNATURE | IVES R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Birmingham |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2980-7495 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 261 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Rare Archaeological Evidence of Early Modern Cremation Burials and Mixed Burial Practices in a Suburban Parish Churchyard
Investigating the “scapula sign” as an indicator of rickets
OBJECTIVE: In 1971, Weiss identified a "scapula sign" comprising a defect at the inferior angle of the scapula in juveniles with vitamin D deficiency rickets, but this has been little studied since. This study aimed to explore pathological variation of this defect in juveniles with other skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency rickets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 527 juveniles, aged from birth to 12 years, from two post-medieval British assemb…
Les sinus frontaux au cours de l'évolution humaine
Les sinus frontaux sont des cavités qui se situent à l’intérieur de l’os frontal, à la jonction entre le visage et la voûte crânienne, et à proximité du cerveau. Nous proposons l’étude la plus complète jamais réalisée de ces sinus, grâce à une méthodologie facile à mettre en œuvre et reproductible. La taille des sinus frontaux est corrélée à la taille du crâne, et en lien avec celle des reliefs osseux situés au-dessus des orbites, chez les chimpa…
Exploring Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle Alterations in Post-Medieval Children with Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets
The femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) can adapt to the early onset of habitual but changeable loading behaviors, such as sitting, crawling, standing, and cruising behaviors, and the adoption of immature through to mature walking patterns. However, normal patterns of skeletal growth can be modified by underlying pathological conditions. Femoral head depression and neck angulation can occur during vitamin D deficiency rickets, but the pattern of NSA d…
Investigating Botanical Tributes in Post-Medieval British Burials: Archaeological Evidence from Three Burial Grounds
Archaeological evidence from Britain shows botanical inclusions formed part of the post-medieval funeral. Findings from the analysis of three burial grounds consider the extent of demographic, socioeconomic, and local variation in the manner of tributes. Twenty-six of 1431 excavated burials showed evidence for flowers placed inside or bouquets or wreaths placed on top of the coffins, and adults and children had received botanical tributes. The us…
Femoral angle development and locomotor progression in children from 18th and 19th century London
The external geometry of the human femur changes markedly during early ontogeny as children learn to sit, crawl, stand, and eventually walk. Here we examine the pattern of femoral angle development in a sample of children from 18th and 19th century London and evaluate how angular changes correspond to key stages of childhood locomotor development. Metaphyseal bicondylar angle (BCA) and neck‐shaft angle (NSA) measurements were collected from radio…
Ontogenetic changes in femoral cross‐sectional geometry during childhood locomotor development
OBJECTIVES: The femur is a major weight-bearing bone that is variably loaded throughout growth as children transition through locomotory states prior to the attainment of a mature bipedal gait. Here, we document ontogenetic trends in femoral cross-sectional geometry (CSG) and explore how changes in loading regime may impact the structural arrangement of cortical bone along the length of the developing diaphysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Micro-CT sc…
Perimortem fracture manifestations and mortality after hip fracture in a documented skeletal series
Rare paleopathological insights into vitamin D deficiency rickets, co-occurring illnesses, and documented cause of death in mid-19th century London, UK
Endochondral growth disruption during vitamin D deficiency rickets in a mid‐19th century series from Bethnal Green, London, UK
OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D affects many aspects of cartilage and skeletal development. Inconsistent findings currently exist regarding the impact of vitamin D deficiency on childhood growth. This study aims to evaluate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on childhood skeletal development by exploring long bone growth in children with healed and active rickets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four known-age children (2 months to 12 years) with rickets and …
P atterns of long bone growth in a mid‐19th century documented sample of the urban poor from B ethnal G reen, L ondon, UK
OBJECTIVES: century documented burials associated with the urban poor from Bethnal Green, London, UK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maximum diaphyseal lengths from 74 males and 70 females (2 months to 12 years) were compared to modern reference data from North America. Diaphyseal lengths were expressed as a percentage of expected length and an average percentage value was calculated across all available long bones. An index of growth progression was int…
Quantification of 3D curvature in the iliac crest: Ontogeny and implications for sex determination in juveniles
OBJECTIVES: Sex-specific differences in the shape of the iliac crest have been reported based on quantification of simplified curvature using two-dimensional variables or qualitative identification of faint/marked S-shaped curvature. An objective and quantitative approach for the evaluation of iliac crest curvature in juveniles was developed. Using three-dimensional data, ontogenetic variation in iliac curvature was investigated in relation to si…
A Large-Scale Palaeopathological Study of Hip Fractures from Post-Medieval Urban England: Palaeopathology of Hip Fractures
Hip fractures have high incidence rates in many current groups and are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and considerable expenditure. Although hip fractures associated with significant traumatic events can occur at any age, many hip fractures occur in older adults. To date, few hip fractures have been reported from archaeological skeletal material, and a number of hypotheses have been suggested for this. This research presents a compreh…
An Iron Age burial with weapons, on a site with evidence of medieval and post-medieval occupation from Dunbar, East Lothian
In September and October 2005, an archaeological excavation was undertaken on the site of the former Empire Cinema on Dunbar High Street. In addition to late medieval and post-medieval remains, a cist grave of pre-Roman or Roman Iron Age date was excavated and recorded. Two adult males occupied the cist grave, one of whom was equipped with a sword and a spear, representing a rare example of an Iron Age burial with weapons in Scotland. Partial ske…
Shape, size, and maturity trajectories of the human ilium
Morphological traits of the ilium have consistently been more successful for juvenile sex determination than have techniques applied to other skeletal elements, however relatively little is known about the ontogeny and maturation of size and shape dimorphism in the ilium. We use a geometric morphometric approach to quantitatively separate the ontogeny of size and shape of the ilium, and analyze interpopulation differences in the onset, rate and p…
New findings in the identification of adult vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia: Results from a large-scale study
Evaluation and interpretation of residual rickets deformities in adults
Recent research has considerably improved the recognition and recording of rickets and osteomalacia in archaeological human bone, but the recognition and recording of residual deformities of rickets present in adults is still limited. The aim of this study was to assist with differential diagnosis of residual rickets deformities and determine which of the deformities that are characteristic of rickets could be identified in the adult skeleton. Lo…
The effects of socioeconomic status on endochondral and appositional bone growth, and acquisition of cortical bone in children from 19th century Birmingham, England
Endochondral growth, appositional growth, and acquisition of cortical bone thickness in the femur are investigated in subadult skeletons ( N = 43, dental age range birth to 12 years) from the 19 th ‐century AD burial site of St. Martin's churchyard, Birmingham, England. Endochondral growth is monitored using diaphyseal femoral length. Appositional growth is monitored using radiographic midshaft mediolateral width and acquisition of cortical bone …
Growth and vitamin D deficiency in a population from 19th century Birmingham, England
The West Midlands of England were the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. The 19th century AD skeletal remains from St Martin's Church, Birmingham, West Midlands, provided an important opportunity to assess the health of an urban, working-class population at this key point in British history. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rickets on growth in this population. Modern clinical data suggest that those with vitamin D defi…
The Study of Metabolic Bone Disease in Bioarchaeology
Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution
The rapid urbanization of the Industrial Revolution in 18th–19th century England presented new health challenges. Our aim is to investigate using English skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the Industrial Revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. The Industrial Revolution skeletal material is from St Martin's Churchyard, Birming…
An investigation of skeletal indicators of vitamin D deficiency in adults: Effective markers for interpreting past living conditions and pollution levels in 18th and 19th century Birmingham, England
Vitamin D deficiency in adults is referred to as osteomalacia, and this condition has multiple causes related to factors such as environment, living conditions and cultural practices. Therefore, understanding the types and range of expression of osteomalacia in archaeological bone, using a number of investigative techniques, will have significant implications for interpretations made about past communities. This study aimed to understand the expr…
Skeletal evidence for hyperparathyroidism in a 19th century child with rickets
The skeletal remains of a child aged 2.5-3.5 years, recovered during archaeological excavations at the churchyard of St Martin's Church, Birmingham, UK, were examined using gross observation, radiography and scanning electron microscopy. Lesions suggestive of the presence of rickets and of secondary hyperparathyroidism were found. This appears to be a first report of secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to rickets in a palaeopathological spe…
Skeletal manifestations of infantile scurvy
Recent investigations of human skeletal material from the historic St. Martin's cemetery, England, found a range of abnormal lesions in six infants that are almost certainly related to scurvy. Porous and proliferative bone lesions affecting the cranial bones and scapulae were found, and this paper presents images obtained using both macroscopic and scanning electron microscope examination of the lesions. Previous work on infantile scurvy (Ortner …
Skeletal manifestations of rickets in infants and young children in a historic population from England
Gross and radiographic changes characteristic of inadequate bone mineralization due to rickets are described in 21 immature skeletons from a 19th century urban population from Birmingham, England. The aims of the study are as follows: to evaluate and if possible augment existing dry‐bone criteria for the recognition of rickets in immature skeletal remains; to investigate the value of radiography for the paleopathological diagnosis of rickets; and…
Skeletal manifestations of infantile scurvy
Recent investigations of human skeletal material from the historic St. Martin's cemetery, England, found a range of abnormal lesions in six infants that are almost certainly related to scurvy. Porous and proliferative bone lesions affecting the cranial bones and scapulae were found, and this paper presents images obtained using both macroscopic and scanning electron microscope examination of the lesions. Previous work on infantile scurvy (Ortner …
Skeletal manifestations of rickets in infants and young children in a historic population from England
Gross and radiographic changes characteristic of inadequate bone mineralization due to rickets are described in 21 immature skeletons from a 19th century urban population from Birmingham, England. The aims of the study are as follows: to evaluate and if possible augment existing dry‐bone criteria for the recognition of rickets in immature skeletal remains; to investigate the value of radiography for the paleopathological diagnosis of rickets; and…
The effects of socioeconomic status on endochondral and appositional bone growth, and acquisition of cortical bone in children from 19th century Birmingham, England
Endochondral growth, appositional growth, and acquisition of cortical bone thickness in the femur are investigated in subadult skeletons ( N = 43, dental age range birth to 12 years) from the 19 th ‐century AD burial site of St. Martin's churchyard, Birmingham, England. Endochondral growth is monitored using diaphyseal femoral length. Appositional growth is monitored using radiographic midshaft mediolateral width and acquisition of cortical bone …
An investigation of skeletal indicators of vitamin D deficiency in adults: Effective markers for interpreting past living conditions and pollution levels in 18th and 19th century Birmingham, England
Vitamin D deficiency in adults is referred to as osteomalacia, and this condition has multiple causes related to factors such as environment, living conditions and cultural practices. Therefore, understanding the types and range of expression of osteomalacia in archaeological bone, using a number of investigative techniques, will have significant implications for interpretations made about past communities. This study aimed to understand the expr…
Skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia in documented historical collections
The frequency with which changes related to vitamin D deficiency are recorded in juvenile bone from archaeological contexts makes it clear that conditions conducive to such deficiency were fairly widespread at a number of points in the past. Although changes will take longer to be manifest in the adult skeleton than in juveniles, and may not be as obvious, the scarcity of reported cases suggests that it is likely that cases of osteomalacia are be…
Evaluation and interpretation of residual rickets deformities in adults
Recent research has considerably improved the recognition and recording of rickets and osteomalacia in archaeological human bone, but the recognition and recording of residual deformities of rickets present in adults is still limited. The aim of this study was to assist with differential diagnosis of residual rickets deformities and determine which of the deformities that are characteristic of rickets could be identified in the adult skeleton. Lo…
Shape, size, and maturity trajectories of the human ilium
Morphological traits of the ilium have consistently been more successful for juvenile sex determination than have techniques applied to other skeletal elements, however relatively little is known about the ontogeny and maturation of size and shape dimorphism in the ilium. We use a geometric morphometric approach to quantitatively separate the ontogeny of size and shape of the ilium, and analyze interpopulation differences in the onset, rate and p…
Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution
The rapid urbanization of the Industrial Revolution in 18th–19th century England presented new health challenges. Our aim is to investigate using English skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the Industrial Revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. The Industrial Revolution skeletal material is from St Martin's Churchyard, Birming…
P atterns of long bone growth in a mid‐19th century documented sample of the urban poor from B ethnal G reen, L ondon, UK
OBJECTIVES: century documented burials associated with the urban poor from Bethnal Green, London, UK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maximum diaphyseal lengths from 74 males and 70 females (2 months to 12 years) were compared to modern reference data from North America. Diaphyseal lengths were expressed as a percentage of expected length and an average percentage value was calculated across all available long bones. An index of growth progression was int…
Growth and vitamin D deficiency in a population from 19th century Birmingham, England
The West Midlands of England were the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. The 19th century AD skeletal remains from St Martin's Church, Birmingham, West Midlands, provided an important opportunity to assess the health of an urban, working-class population at this key point in British history. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rickets on growth in this population. Modern clinical data suggest that those with vitamin D defi…
A procedural guide to metacarpal radiogrammetry in archaeology
The technique of metacarpal radiogrammetry was devised in 1960 as a clinical method to aid in the identification of thinned cortical bone, which may help in diagnosis of osteoporosis. Through taking measurements from radiographs, calculations of the amount of cortical bone can be made. The technique is relatively simple and is not destructive. This paper examines the value of the application of this technique to archaeological remains. A standard…
Metacarpal radiogrammetry: A useful indicator of bone loss throughout the skeleton
Ontogenetic changes in femoral cross‐sectional geometry during childhood locomotor development
OBJECTIVES: The femur is a major weight-bearing bone that is variably loaded throughout growth as children transition through locomotory states prior to the attainment of a mature bipedal gait. Here, we document ontogenetic trends in femoral cross-sectional geometry (CSG) and explore how changes in loading regime may impact the structural arrangement of cortical bone along the length of the developing diaphysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Micro-CT sc…
Skeletal evidence for hyperparathyroidism in a 19th century child with rickets
The skeletal remains of a child aged 2.5-3.5 years, recovered during archaeological excavations at the churchyard of St Martin's Church, Birmingham, UK, were examined using gross observation, radiography and scanning electron microscopy. Lesions suggestive of the presence of rickets and of secondary hyperparathyroidism were found. This appears to be a first report of secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to rickets in a palaeopathological spe…
A Large-Scale Palaeopathological Study of Hip Fractures from Post-Medieval Urban England: Palaeopathology of Hip Fractures
Hip fractures have high incidence rates in many current groups and are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and considerable expenditure. Although hip fractures associated with significant traumatic events can occur at any age, many hip fractures occur in older adults. To date, few hip fractures have been reported from archaeological skeletal material, and a number of hypotheses have been suggested for this. This research presents a compreh…
Investigating Botanical Tributes in Post-Medieval British Burials: Archaeological Evidence from Three Burial Grounds
Archaeological evidence from Britain shows botanical inclusions formed part of the post-medieval funeral. Findings from the analysis of three burial grounds consider the extent of demographic, socioeconomic, and local variation in the manner of tributes. Twenty-six of 1431 excavated burials showed evidence for flowers placed inside or bouquets or wreaths placed on top of the coffins, and adults and children had received botanical tributes. The us…
Rare Archaeological Evidence of Early Modern Cremation Burials and Mixed Burial Practices in a Suburban Parish Churchyard
Femoral angle development and locomotor progression in children from 18th and 19th century London
The external geometry of the human femur changes markedly during early ontogeny as children learn to sit, crawl, stand, and eventually walk. Here we examine the pattern of femoral angle development in a sample of children from 18th and 19th century London and evaluate how angular changes correspond to key stages of childhood locomotor development. Metaphyseal bicondylar angle (BCA) and neck‐shaft angle (NSA) measurements were collected from radio…
Endochondral growth disruption during vitamin D deficiency rickets in a mid‐19th century series from Bethnal Green, London, UK
OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D affects many aspects of cartilage and skeletal development. Inconsistent findings currently exist regarding the impact of vitamin D deficiency on childhood growth. This study aims to evaluate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on childhood skeletal development by exploring long bone growth in children with healed and active rickets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four known-age children (2 months to 12 years) with rickets and …
Quantification of 3D curvature in the iliac crest: Ontogeny and implications for sex determination in juveniles
OBJECTIVES: Sex-specific differences in the shape of the iliac crest have been reported based on quantification of simplified curvature using two-dimensional variables or qualitative identification of faint/marked S-shaped curvature. An objective and quantitative approach for the evaluation of iliac crest curvature in juveniles was developed. Using three-dimensional data, ontogenetic variation in iliac curvature was investigated in relation to si…
An Iron Age burial with weapons, on a site with evidence of medieval and post-medieval occupation from Dunbar, East Lothian
In September and October 2005, an archaeological excavation was undertaken on the site of the former Empire Cinema on Dunbar High Street. In addition to late medieval and post-medieval remains, a cist grave of pre-Roman or Roman Iron Age date was excavated and recorded. Two adult males occupied the cist grave, one of whom was equipped with a sword and a spear, representing a rare example of an Iron Age burial with weapons in Scotland. Partial ske…
A procedural guide to metacarpal radiogrammetry in archaeology
The technique of metacarpal radiogrammetry was devised in 1960 as a clinical method to aid in the identification of thinned cortical bone, which may help in diagnosis of osteoporosis. Through taking measurements from radiographs, calculations of the amount of cortical bone can be made. The technique is relatively simple and is not destructive. This paper examines the value of the application of this technique to archaeological remains. A standard…
Metacarpal radiogrammetry: A useful indicator of bone loss throughout the skeleton
Skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia in documented historical collections
The frequency with which changes related to vitamin D deficiency are recorded in juvenile bone from archaeological contexts makes it clear that conditions conducive to such deficiency were fairly widespread at a number of points in the past. Although changes will take longer to be manifest in the adult skeleton than in juveniles, and may not be as obvious, the scarcity of reported cases suggests that it is likely that cases of osteomalacia are be…
Skeletal manifestations of infantile scurvy
Recent investigations of human skeletal material from the historic St. Martin's cemetery, England, found a range of abnormal lesions in six infants that are almost certainly related to scurvy. Porous and proliferative bone lesions affecting the cranial bones and scapulae were found, and this paper presents images obtained using both macroscopic and scanning electron microscope examination of the lesions. Previous work on infantile scurvy (Ortner …
Skeletal manifestations of rickets in infants and young children in a historic population from England
Gross and radiographic changes characteristic of inadequate bone mineralization due to rickets are described in 21 immature skeletons from a 19th century urban population from Birmingham, England. The aims of the study are as follows: to evaluate and if possible augment existing dry‐bone criteria for the recognition of rickets in immature skeletal remains; to investigate the value of radiography for the paleopathological diagnosis of rickets; and…
An investigation of skeletal indicators of vitamin D deficiency in adults: Effective markers for interpreting past living conditions and pollution levels in 18th and 19th century Birmingham, England
Vitamin D deficiency in adults is referred to as osteomalacia, and this condition has multiple causes related to factors such as environment, living conditions and cultural practices. Therefore, understanding the types and range of expression of osteomalacia in archaeological bone, using a number of investigative techniques, will have significant implications for interpretations made about past communities. This study aimed to understand the expr…
Skeletal evidence for hyperparathyroidism in a 19th century child with rickets
The skeletal remains of a child aged 2.5-3.5 years, recovered during archaeological excavations at the churchyard of St Martin's Church, Birmingham, UK, were examined using gross observation, radiography and scanning electron microscopy. Lesions suggestive of the presence of rickets and of secondary hyperparathyroidism were found. This appears to be a first report of secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to rickets in a palaeopathological spe…
The Study of Metabolic Bone Disease in Bioarchaeology
Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution
The rapid urbanization of the Industrial Revolution in 18th–19th century England presented new health challenges. Our aim is to investigate using English skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the Industrial Revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. The Industrial Revolution skeletal material is from St Martin's Churchyard, Birming…
The effects of socioeconomic status on endochondral and appositional bone growth, and acquisition of cortical bone in children from 19th century Birmingham, England
Endochondral growth, appositional growth, and acquisition of cortical bone thickness in the femur are investigated in subadult skeletons ( N = 43, dental age range birth to 12 years) from the 19 th ‐century AD burial site of St. Martin's churchyard, Birmingham, England. Endochondral growth is monitored using diaphyseal femoral length. Appositional growth is monitored using radiographic midshaft mediolateral width and acquisition of cortical bone …
Growth and vitamin D deficiency in a population from 19th century Birmingham, England
The West Midlands of England were the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. The 19th century AD skeletal remains from St Martin's Church, Birmingham, West Midlands, provided an important opportunity to assess the health of an urban, working-class population at this key point in British history. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rickets on growth in this population. Modern clinical data suggest that those with vitamin D defi…
Evaluation and interpretation of residual rickets deformities in adults
Recent research has considerably improved the recognition and recording of rickets and osteomalacia in archaeological human bone, but the recognition and recording of residual deformities of rickets present in adults is still limited. The aim of this study was to assist with differential diagnosis of residual rickets deformities and determine which of the deformities that are characteristic of rickets could be identified in the adult skeleton. Lo…
New findings in the identification of adult vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia: Results from a large-scale study
Shape, size, and maturity trajectories of the human ilium
Morphological traits of the ilium have consistently been more successful for juvenile sex determination than have techniques applied to other skeletal elements, however relatively little is known about the ontogeny and maturation of size and shape dimorphism in the ilium. We use a geometric morphometric approach to quantitatively separate the ontogeny of size and shape of the ilium, and analyze interpopulation differences in the onset, rate and p…
An Iron Age burial with weapons, on a site with evidence of medieval and post-medieval occupation from Dunbar, East Lothian
In September and October 2005, an archaeological excavation was undertaken on the site of the former Empire Cinema on Dunbar High Street. In addition to late medieval and post-medieval remains, a cist grave of pre-Roman or Roman Iron Age date was excavated and recorded. Two adult males occupied the cist grave, one of whom was equipped with a sword and a spear, representing a rare example of an Iron Age burial with weapons in Scotland. Partial ske…
P atterns of long bone growth in a mid‐19th century documented sample of the urban poor from B ethnal G reen, L ondon, UK
OBJECTIVES: century documented burials associated with the urban poor from Bethnal Green, London, UK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maximum diaphyseal lengths from 74 males and 70 females (2 months to 12 years) were compared to modern reference data from North America. Diaphyseal lengths were expressed as a percentage of expected length and an average percentage value was calculated across all available long bones. An index of growth progression was int…
Quantification of 3D curvature in the iliac crest: Ontogeny and implications for sex determination in juveniles
OBJECTIVES: Sex-specific differences in the shape of the iliac crest have been reported based on quantification of simplified curvature using two-dimensional variables or qualitative identification of faint/marked S-shaped curvature. An objective and quantitative approach for the evaluation of iliac crest curvature in juveniles was developed. Using three-dimensional data, ontogenetic variation in iliac curvature was investigated in relation to si…
A Large-Scale Palaeopathological Study of Hip Fractures from Post-Medieval Urban England: Palaeopathology of Hip Fractures
Hip fractures have high incidence rates in many current groups and are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and considerable expenditure. Although hip fractures associated with significant traumatic events can occur at any age, many hip fractures occur in older adults. To date, few hip fractures have been reported from archaeological skeletal material, and a number of hypotheses have been suggested for this. This research presents a compreh…
Rare paleopathological insights into vitamin D deficiency rickets, co-occurring illnesses, and documented cause of death in mid-19th century London, UK
Endochondral growth disruption during vitamin D deficiency rickets in a mid‐19th century series from Bethnal Green, London, UK
OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D affects many aspects of cartilage and skeletal development. Inconsistent findings currently exist regarding the impact of vitamin D deficiency on childhood growth. This study aims to evaluate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on childhood skeletal development by exploring long bone growth in children with healed and active rickets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four known-age children (2 months to 12 years) with rickets and …
Perimortem fracture manifestations and mortality after hip fracture in a documented skeletal series
Femoral angle development and locomotor progression in children from 18th and 19th century London
The external geometry of the human femur changes markedly during early ontogeny as children learn to sit, crawl, stand, and eventually walk. Here we examine the pattern of femoral angle development in a sample of children from 18th and 19th century London and evaluate how angular changes correspond to key stages of childhood locomotor development. Metaphyseal bicondylar angle (BCA) and neck‐shaft angle (NSA) measurements were collected from radio…
Ontogenetic changes in femoral cross‐sectional geometry during childhood locomotor development
OBJECTIVES: The femur is a major weight-bearing bone that is variably loaded throughout growth as children transition through locomotory states prior to the attainment of a mature bipedal gait. Here, we document ontogenetic trends in femoral cross-sectional geometry (CSG) and explore how changes in loading regime may impact the structural arrangement of cortical bone along the length of the developing diaphysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Micro-CT sc…
Investigating Botanical Tributes in Post-Medieval British Burials: Archaeological Evidence from Three Burial Grounds
Archaeological evidence from Britain shows botanical inclusions formed part of the post-medieval funeral. Findings from the analysis of three burial grounds consider the extent of demographic, socioeconomic, and local variation in the manner of tributes. Twenty-six of 1431 excavated burials showed evidence for flowers placed inside or bouquets or wreaths placed on top of the coffins, and adults and children had received botanical tributes. The us…
Exploring Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle Alterations in Post-Medieval Children with Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets
The femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) can adapt to the early onset of habitual but changeable loading behaviors, such as sitting, crawling, standing, and cruising behaviors, and the adoption of immature through to mature walking patterns. However, normal patterns of skeletal growth can be modified by underlying pathological conditions. Femoral head depression and neck angulation can occur during vitamin D deficiency rickets, but the pattern of NSA d…
Medicine (21 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (17 works) · Internal Medicine (14 works) · Anatomy (12 works) · Rickets (11 works) · Vitamin D and neurology (11 works) · Bone health and osteoporosis research (9 works) · Osteoporosis (9 works) · Surgery (8 works) · vitamin D deficiency (8 works)