T A Kohler
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 7585 |
|---|---|
| NOME | T A Kohler |
| PRENOMES | T A |
| SOBRENOME | Kohler |
| ASSINATURA | KOHLER T A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Washington State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3414-6660 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 629 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 52 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
How Many People Lived in the Chaco Regional System, and Why It Matters
Using a new approach to estimating its population assuming an Ideal Free Distribution, we suggest that even the highest estimates for the population served by the Chaco Regional System at its height have been somewhat too low. This complements recent findings that the US Southwest was greener and more productive for the millennium prior to about AD 1200 than afterwards, and that crude birth rates in this region, particularly in the San Juan Basin…
The Past as a Stochastic Process
Historical processes manifest remarkable diversity. Nevertheless, scholars have long attempted to identify patterns and categorize historical actors and influences with some success. A stochastic process framework provides a structured approach for the analysis of large historical datasets that allows for detection of sometimes surprising patterns, identification of relevant causal actors both endogenous and exogenous to the process, and comparis…
Settlement persistence in the prehispanic central Mesa Verde Region
A low-frequency summer temperature reconstruction for the United States Southwest, 3000 BC–AD 2000
Temperature variability likely played an important role in determining the spread and productive potential of North America’s key prehispanic agricultural staple, maize. The United States Southwest (SWUS) also served as the gateway for maize to reach portions of North America to the north and east. Existing temperature reconstructions for the SWUS are typically low in spatial or temporal resolution, shallow in time depth, or subject to unknown de…
How Maize Farmers in the US Southwest Grew and Prospered Under El Niño but Suffered Under La Niña
Variability in temperature and soil moisture influenced the spread and productive potential of maize. A new low-frequency reconstruction of US Southwest summer temperatures from 3000 BC to present shows generally warmer temperatures until the first century AD. From then until AD 1000, temperatures were generally cooler, though a warming trend continuing to present begins ca. AD 400, interrupted by cooling ca. AD 900 and 1400. Proposing a “ENSO In…
The Global Dynamics of Inequality (Gini) project
The GINI project investigates the dynamics of inequality among populations over the long term by synthesising global archaeological housing data. This project brings archaeologists together from around the world to assess hypotheses concerning the causes and consequences of inequality that are of relevance to contemporary societies globally
Climate Endgame
Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexplored topic. Yet there are ample reasons to suspect that climate change could result in a global catastrophe. Analyzing the mechanisms for these extre…
Social Scale and Collective Computation
Collective computation is the process by which groups store and share information to arrive at decisions for collective behavior. How societies engage in effective collective computation depends partly on their scale. Social arrangements and technologies that work for small- and mid-scale societies are inadequate for dealing effectively with the much larger communication loads that societies face during the growth in scale that is a hallmark of t…
How can evolutionary and biological anthropologists engage broader audiences
OBJECTIVES: With our diverse training, theoretical and empirical toolkits, and rich data, evolutionary and biological anthropologists (EBAs) have much to contribute to research and policy decisions about climate change and other pressing social issues. However, we remain largely absent from these critical, ongoing efforts. Here, we draw on the literature and our own experiences to make recommendations for how EBAs can engage broader audiences, in…
The IPCC
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was founded in 1988 to provide governments with policy-relevant assessments of climate science as well as options for adaptation and mitigation. It is now recognized as providing the leading global compilation of climate science, adaptation, and mitigation research. The volunteer scientists who write these reports have carried out five complete assessment cycles, with the sixth cycle to be comp…
Explanations of Population Aggregation in the Mesa Verde Region Prior to A.D. 900
Prominent studies have attributed observed changes in aggregation, settlement organization, and exchange systems to changes in socio-political complexity and often to aspects of leadership. This chapter deals with questions of social complexity while attempting to document and explain changing patterns of social organization in one corner of the Mesa Verde region. More spectacular settlements and evidence of elaborate regional systems characteriz…
Dynamic Communities on the Mesa Verde Cuesta
This article systematically and quantitatively characterizes interaction dynamics and community formation based on changes in spatial patterns of contemporaneous households. We develop and apply a geospatial routine to measure changing extents of household interaction and community formation from AD 600 to 1280 on the Mesa Verde cuesta in southwestern Colorado. Results suggest that household spatial organization was shaped simultaneously by the m…
How far from Chaco to Orayvi? Quantifying inequality among Pueblo households
Studying Inequality’s Deep Past
Deep Inequality
Fostering Collaborative Synthetic Research in Archaeology
While our fascination with understanding the past is sufficient to warrant an increased focus on synthesis, solutions to important problems facing modern society require understandings based on data that only archaeology can provide. Yet, even as we use public monies to collect ever-greater amounts of data, modes of research that can stimulate emergent understandings of human behavior have lagged behind. Consequently, a substantial amount of arch…
Greater post-Neolithic wealth disparities in Eurasia than in North America and Mesoamerica
How to Make a Polity (In the Central Mesa Verde Region)
The degree to which prehispanic societies in the northern upland Southwest were hierarchical or egalitarian is still debated and seems likely to have changed through time. This paper examines the plausibility of village-spanning polities in the northern Southwest by simulating the coevolution of hierarchy and warfare using extensions to the Village Ecodynamics Project's agent-based model. We additionally compile empirical data on the population s…
Twenty-first century approaches to ancient problems
By documenting how humans adapted to changes in their environment that are often much greater than those experienced in the instrumental record, archaeology provides our only deep-time laboratory for highlighting the circumstances under which humans managed or failed to find to adaptive solutions to changing climate, not just over a few generations but over the longue durée . Patterning between climate-mediated environmental change and change in …
The Social Consequences of Climate Change in the Central Mesa Verde Region
The consequences of climate change vary over space and time. Effective studies of human responses to climatically induced environmental change must therefore sample the environmental diversity experienced by specific societies. We reconstruct population histories from A.D. 600 to 1280 in six environmentally distinct portions of the central Mesa Verde region in southwestern Colorado, relating these to climate-driven changes in agricultural potenti…
Quantifying Household Inequality in Early Pueblo Villages
The rapid rise of the "Chaco phenomenon" in northern New Mexico in the ninth century AD invites a search for either historical precursors or generative processes that might have explanatory utility. We analyze one candidate system, the well-known Basketmaker III and Pueblo I communities investigated by the Dolores Archaeological Program in southwestern Colorado, to determine whether there is evidence of change through time in the direction of mor…
Cultural Dynamics, Deep Time, and Data
Archaeological data and research results are essential to addressing such fundamental questions as the origins of human culture; the origin, waxing, and waning of civilizations and cities; the response of societies to long-term climate changes; and the systemic relationships implicated in human-induced changes in the environment. However, we lack the capacity for acquiring, managing, analyzing, and synthesizing the data sets needed to address imp…
DNA analysis of ancient dogs of the Americas
Grand challenges for archaeology
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A 2,000-year reconstruction of the rain-fed maize agricultural niche in the US Southwest
Grand Challenges for Archaeology
This article represents a systematic effort to answer the question, What are archaeology's most important scientific challenges? Starting with a crowd-sourced query directed broadly to the professional community of archaeologists, the authors augmented, prioritized, and refined the responses during a two-day workshop focused specifically on this question. The resulting 25 'grand challenges' focus on dynamic cultural processes and the operation of…
Long-Term Anasazi Land Use and Forest Reduction
Species of wood used for fuel changed significantly through time at a large Anasazi village in southwestern Colorado occupied from about A.D. 750 to 900. Changes also occurred in other records of plant use from this site, in the fauna utilized, and in the proportional representation of hafted tools. These and corroborating data from nearby sites suggest that the Anasazi occupation of the Dolores River valley and vicinity resulted in significant l…
Historical Ecology in the Mesa Verde Region
Using the occupation histories of 3,176 habitation sites, new estimates of maize-agriculture productivity, and an analysis of over 1,700 construction timbers, we examine the historical ecology of Pueblo peoples during their seven-century occupation (A.D. 600-1300) of a densely settled portion of the Mesa Verde archaeological region. We identify two cycles of population growth and decline, the earlier and smaller peaking in the late-A.D. 800s, the…
Sunk-Cost Effects and Vulnerability to Collapse in Ancient Societies
The Social Consequences of Climate Change in the Central Mesa Verde Region
The consequences of climate change vary over space and time. Effective studies of human responses to climatically induced environmental change must therefore sample the environmental diversity experienced by specific societies. We reconstruct population histories from A.D. 600 to 1280 in six environmentally distinct portions of the central Mesa Verde region in southwestern Colorado, relating these to climate-driven changes in agricultural potenti…
Solving mixture problems in archaeology
Time, Process and Structured Transformation in Archaeology
Time, Process and Structured Transformation in Archaeology. Sander E. van der Leeuw and James McGlade. eds. New York: Routledge, 1997.484pp
The Neolithic Demographic Transition in the U.S. Southwest
Maize agriculture was practiced in the U.S. Southwest slightly before 2000 B.C., but had a negligible impact on population growth rates until the development or introduction of more productive landraces; the ability to successfully cultivate maize under a greater variety of conditions, with dry farming especially important; the addition of beans, squash, and eventually turkey to the diet; increased sedentism; and what we infer to be the remapping…
Field Houses, Villages, and the Tragedy of the Commons in the Early Northern Anasazi Southwest
The appearance of field houses and villages in the early northern Anasazi Southwest is interpreted as containing information concerning inclusiveness of land ownership or control. Early northern Anasazi villages probably practiced patterns of resource control much like those documented historically in many pueblos, where agricultural lands were frequently controlled at an atomistic level (by individuals or households) so long as fields were in us…
The Better Angels of their Nature
The central Mesa Verde and the northern Rio Grande regions housed two of the densest populations of prehispanic Pueblo peoples in the North American Southwest. We plot incidence of violent trauma on human bone through time in each region. Such violence peaked in the mid-A.D. 1100s in the central Mesa Verde, and in general was higher through time there than in the northern Rio Grande region. In the central Mesa Verde, but not in the northern Rio G…
Modeling Historical Ecology, Thinking about Contemporary Systems
One way to make archaeological trajectories compelling to contemporary audiences is through detailed computer simulation with graphical interfaces that allow students or researchers to explore historical sequences and ask "what if" questions of them. We discuss progress on modeling coupled human systems and ecosystems over long periods in the Mesa Verde region of the U.S. Southwest, a project developed with both research and educational products …
Quantifying Household Inequality in Early Pueblo Villages
The rapid rise of the "Chaco phenomenon" in northern New Mexico in the ninth century AD invites a search for either historical precursors or generative processes that might have explanatory utility. We analyze one candidate system, the well-known Basketmaker III and Pueblo I communities investigated by the Dolores Archaeological Program in southwestern Colorado, to determine whether there is evidence of change through time in the direction of mor…
Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists
News from the Northern American Southwest
Cultural Dynamics, Deep Time, and Data
Archaeological data and research results are essential to addressing such fundamental questions as the origins of human culture; the origin, waxing, and waning of civilizations and cities; the response of societies to long-term climate changes; and the systemic relationships implicated in human-induced changes in the environment. However, we lack the capacity for acquiring, managing, analyzing, and synthesizing the data sets needed to address imp…
Fostering Collaborative Synthetic Research in Archaeology
While our fascination with understanding the past is sufficient to warrant an increased focus on synthesis, solutions to important problems facing modern society require understandings based on data that only archaeology can provide. Yet, even as we use public monies to collect ever-greater amounts of data, modes of research that can stimulate emergent understandings of human behavior have lagged behind. Consequently, a substantial amount of arch…
Prehistoric human impact on the environment in the upland North American Southwest
The IPCC
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was founded in 1988 to provide governments with policy-relevant assessments of climate science as well as options for adaptation and mitigation. It is now recognized as providing the leading global compilation of climate science, adaptation, and mitigation research. The volunteer scientists who write these reports have carried out five complete assessment cycles, with the sixth cycle to be comp…
How to Make a Polity (In the Central Mesa Verde Region)
The degree to which prehispanic societies in the northern upland Southwest were hierarchical or egalitarian is still debated and seems likely to have changed through time. This paper examines the plausibility of village-spanning polities in the northern Southwest by simulating the coevolution of hierarchy and warfare using extensions to the Village Ecodynamics Project's agent-based model. We additionally compile empirical data on the population s…
DNA analysis of ancient dogs of the Americas
How far from Chaco to Orayvi? Quantifying inequality among Pueblo households
The Final 400 Years of Prehispanic Agricultural Society in the Mesa Verde Region
I attempt to summarize salient points in the preceding articles, with special attention to the causes and consequences of the compression of community territories noted for the Pueblo III period in the Mesa Verde region
Social Scale and Collective Computation
Collective computation is the process by which groups store and share information to arrive at decisions for collective behavior. How societies engage in effective collective computation depends partly on their scale. Social arrangements and technologies that work for small- and mid-scale societies are inadequate for dealing effectively with the much larger communication loads that societies face during the growth in scale that is a hallmark of t…
Current Productivity and Prehistoric Use of Piñon (Pinus edulis, Pinaceae) in the Dolores Archaeological Project Area, Southwestern Colorado
A low-frequency summer temperature reconstruction for the United States Southwest, 3000 BC–AD 2000
Temperature variability likely played an important role in determining the spread and productive potential of North America’s key prehispanic agricultural staple, maize. The United States Southwest (SWUS) also served as the gateway for maize to reach portions of North America to the north and east. Existing temperature reconstructions for the SWUS are typically low in spatial or temporal resolution, shallow in time depth, or subject to unknown de…
Predictive Models for Archaeological Resource Location
Solving mixture problems in archaeology
Long-Term Anasazi Land Use and Forest Reduction
Species of wood used for fuel changed significantly through time at a large Anasazi village in southwestern Colorado occupied from about A.D. 750 to 900. Changes also occurred in other records of plant use from this site, in the fauna utilized, and in the proportional representation of hafted tools. These and corroborating data from nearby sites suggest that the Anasazi occupation of the Dolores River valley and vicinity resulted in significant l…
Current Productivity and Prehistoric Use of Piñon (Pinus edulis, Pinaceae) in the Dolores Archaeological Project Area, Southwestern Colorado
The prehistory of sustainability
Prehistoric human impact on the environment in the upland North American Southwest
Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists
Field Houses, Villages, and the Tragedy of the Commons in the Early Northern Anasazi Southwest
The appearance of field houses and villages in the early northern Anasazi Southwest is interpreted as containing information concerning inclusiveness of land ownership or control. Early northern Anasazi villages probably practiced patterns of resource control much like those documented historically in many pueblos, where agricultural lands were frequently controlled at an atomistic level (by individuals or households) so long as fields were in us…
News from the Northern American Southwest
Simulating Societies
Population Aggregation in the Prehistoric North American Southwest
We attempt to clarify the role of demographic factors (size, density, history, and trajectory) in aggregation in the ancestral Puebloan Southwest, which we found obscure in Leonard and Reed (1993). In addition, we question one of the case studies from Chaco Canyon that they used to support their model, and we suggest that data from the Mesa Verde region between A.D. 700 and 1300 argue against the generality of their explanation for aggregation
Time, Process and Structured Transformation in Archaeology
Time, Process and Structured Transformation in Archaeology. Sander E. van der Leeuw and James McGlade. eds. New York: Routledge, 1997.484pp
The Final 400 Years of Prehispanic Agricultural Society in the Mesa Verde Region
I attempt to summarize salient points in the preceding articles, with special attention to the causes and consequences of the compression of community territories noted for the Pueblo III period in the Mesa Verde region
Antiquities compared
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Sunk-Cost Effects and Vulnerability to Collapse in Ancient Societies
Vessels and villages
Modeling Historical Ecology, Thinking about Contemporary Systems
One way to make archaeological trajectories compelling to contemporary audiences is through detailed computer simulation with graphical interfaces that allow students or researchers to explore historical sequences and ask "what if" questions of them. We discuss progress on modeling coupled human systems and ecosystems over long periods in the Mesa Verde region of the U.S. Southwest, a project developed with both research and educational products …
El surgimiento del Neolítico en el Suroeste de los Estados Unidos
En el presente trabajo se analiza el surgimiento del Neolítico en el Suroeste de los Estados Unidos sobre la base de la región de Mesa Verde y las investigaciones que los autores han dirigido como parte del Village Ecodynamics Project (VEP). Esta región tiene muchas características que la hacen ideal para estudiar el surgimiento del Neolítico. Tiene cerca de 20.000 sitios arqueológicos registrados que son bastante visibles debido a la relativamen…
Historical Ecology in the Mesa Verde Region
Using the occupation histories of 3,176 habitation sites, new estimates of maize-agriculture productivity, and an analysis of over 1,700 construction timbers, we examine the historical ecology of Pueblo peoples during their seven-century occupation (A.D. 600-1300) of a densely settled portion of the Mesa Verde archaeological region. We identify two cycles of population growth and decline, the earlier and smaller peaking in the late-A.D. 800s, the…
The Neolithic Demographic Transition in the U.S. Southwest
Maize agriculture was practiced in the U.S. Southwest slightly before 2000 B.C., but had a negligible impact on population growth rates until the development or introduction of more productive landraces; the ability to successfully cultivate maize under a greater variety of conditions, with dry farming especially important; the addition of beans, squash, and eventually turkey to the diet; increased sedentism; and what we infer to be the remapping…
A Scale Model of Seven Hundred Years of Farming Settlements in Southwestern Colorado
Comparative Archaeology
Everything is known through comparison" (Spirkin 1983:47). Even the most fundamental descriptions employed by archaeologists (for time, space, 'types' of ceramic and lithic materials, etc.) dissect some continuum of variability to create categories of difference. Since difference must be defined through comparison, even apparently basic description is implicitly comparative. Archaeology is nothing if not comparison! So it might seem to the non-ar…
How the Pueblos Got Their Sprachbund
Simulating Social and Economic Specialization in Small-Scale Agricultural Societies
We introduce a model for agent specialization in small-scale human societies that incorporates planning based on social influence and economic state. Agents allocate their time among available tasks based on exchange, demand, competition from other agents, family needs, and previous experiences. Agents exchange and request goods using barter, balanced reciprocal exchange, and generalized reciprocal exchange. We use a weight-based reinforcement mo…
Grand challenges for archaeology
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Geography (38 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (37 obras) · Archaeology (33 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · History (19 obras) · Biology (18 obras) · Demography (15 obras) · Population (14 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Ecology (12 obras)