Stephen R Wester
Biographic Data
| ID | 761220 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stephen R Wester |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stephen R |
| FAMILY NAME | Wester |
| SIGNATURE | WESTER S R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 204 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
The effects of gender role conflict restricted emotionality on the association between exposure to trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder and intimate partner violence severity
Do “manly” men believe other men are happier? Social comparison, masculine norms, and positive work–family spillover
Factor structure of the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form in Chinese heterosexual and gay samples
The current study examined the validity of Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form (GRCS-SF) among a sample of 256 Chinese heterosexual men and 250 Chinese gay men. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the conclusion that a Chinese translated version of the GRCS-SF had acceptable structural validity. Specifically, the four-factor solution (i.e., Success, Power, Competition; Restricted Emotionality; Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between M…
Referring men to seek help: The influence of gender role conflict and stigma
Why do men tend to underutilize mental health services? One reason may be that men are less frequently referred to seek such services. Indeed, male friends and family members may be particularly unlikely to refer men to seek mental health services, as it means going against the traditional male gender role proscription of talking to other men about emotional issues. This study is the first to explore how men’s experiences of gender role conflict …
Development and evaluation of the Gender Role Conflict Scale Short Form (GRCS-SF)
Within the literature on the psychology of men, the gender role conflict (GRC) paradigm has been one of the most productive research programs explaining the impact of restrictive gender roles in men’s lives. Despite recent efforts aimed at understanding GRC from a multicultural perspective, few studies have examined the factor structure of the primary measure of GRC, the Gender Role Conflict scale (GRCS), using diverse samples of men. That was on…
Gender role conflict, alcohol, and help seeking among college men
The purpose of the present study was to examine how gender role conflict (GRC) may mediate the relationship between negative alcohol-related consequences, drinking motives, and attitudes toward psychological help among male college students. A total of 399 collegian men completed an Internet survey. Results suggest a complex interplay of variables in that negative alcohol-related consequences were partially mediated by GRC, whereas drinking motiv…
Male police officers and stigma associated with counseling: The role of anticipated risks, anticipated benefits and gender role conflict
Thinking Complexly About Men, Gender Role Conflict, and Counseling Psychology
The influential nature of this Major Contribution makes commenting a daunting task. However, after reviewing some of the likely consequences of this article, the author offers his sense of areas in which the research on male gender role conflict needs to grow
Seeking help from a mental health professional: The influence of one's social network
The decision to seek psychological help may be hindered or facilitated by many factors. Two potential factors that might facilitate help seeking are having a relationship with someone (a) who recommends seeking help or (b) who themselves have sought help. In two studies ( N = 780, N = 746), we explored the relationship between these factors and intentions to seek mental health services. In Study 1, being prompted to seek help and knowing someone …
Gender role conflict and psychological distress: The role of social support
Recent theoretical work in the psychology of men suggests that the negative consequences associated with traditional male gender roles might be lessened for men who experience a sense of social support. However, little research exists exploring how men adaptively utilize social support. Using a sample of 396 male participants, this study explores whether social support mediates or moderates the relationship between gender role conflict and psycho…
Male Gender Role Conflict and Multiculturalism: Implications for Counseling Psychology
The new multicultural guidelines reemphasized the importance of developing knowledge of, and skills in working with, individuals outside of the majority group. In this article, the author will detail recent advances in understanding how identified consequences of male gender role socialization, specifically male gender role conflict (GRC), intersect with other aspects of race, cultures, and sexual orientations. The literature surrounding male gen…
Multicultural coping: Chinese Canadian adolescents, male gender role conflict, and psychological distress
One hundred seventy-nine Chinese Canadian adolescents completed measures of male gender role conflict, culturally specific coping strategies, and psychological distress. Structural equation results demonstrate that Avoidance Coping and Engagement Coping mediated the relationship between all aspects of male gender role conflict, with the exception of Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between Men and psychological distress. Implications for counseli…
Mental Health Stereotypes About Gay Men
Male Gender Role Conflict, Gay Men, and Same-Sex Romantic Relationships
Some theorists have suggested that the traditionally socialized male reluctance to express intimacy is compounded within gay men’s same-sex romantic relationships. In both Study 1 and Study 2, analysis-of-variance comparisons between single gay men and gay men in a same-sex relationship failed to confirm this assertion. At the same time, hierarchical regression results demonstrated a small negative relationship between the traditionally socialize…
To seek help or not to seek help: The risks of self-disclosure.
Investigations into the reasons why people seek counseling have, for the most part, focused on approach factors, those variables that are associated with a potential client’s increased likelihood of seeking psychological services. The purpose of this research, however, is to explore the role of avoidance factors, those factors that are associated with a potential client’s decreased likelihood of seeking services. Across 2 studies of primarily Cau…
Confirming Gender Stereotypes: A Social Role Perspective
The emperor's new clothes: Sociopolitical diversity in psychology
The emperor's new clothes: Sociopolitical diversity in psychology
Sex Differences in Emotion: A Critical Review of the Literature and Implications for Counseling Psychology
This article examines the findings of several reviews of the empirical literature on biological sex and emotion, focusing on the degree to which perceived sex differences in emotionality are, and in most cases are not, supported while at the same time addressing the implications this body of research has for counseling psychologists. This article also explores potential explanations, such as gender role socialization or situational influences, fo…
Dating Relationships and the Demand/Withdraw Pattern of Communication
The Impact of Sex and Situational Cues on the Endorsement of Traditional Gender-Role Attitudes and Behaviors in Dating Couples
This investigation examines the effects of sex of participant, sex-role orientation and conversation topic on women's and men's endorsement of traditional gender-role attitudes and behaviors within intimate relationships. Sixty dating couples were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a discussion about the intimacy in their relationship, a discussion about everyday things, or a no-treatment control condition. The intimate-conversation co…
The Influence of Sexually Violent Rap Music on Attitudes of Men with Little Prior Exposure
This article is among the first to focus on commercially available, sexually violent rap music, so-called “gangsta” rap (GR) and its influence on attitudes toward women. Collegiate males with little experience with GR were exposed to GR music, lyrics, both, or neither. Thus the effect of GR music and lyrics were isolated from each other and from acculturation to GR. Collapsing across all attitude measures, neither lyrics alone nor lyrics with mus…
Sex Differences in Emotion: A Critical Review of the Literature and Implications for Counseling Psychology
This article examines the findings of several reviews of the empirical literature on biological sex and emotion, focusing on the degree to which perceived sex differences in emotionality are, and in most cases are not, supported while at the same time addressing the implications this body of research has for counseling psychologists. This article also explores potential explanations, such as gender role socialization or situational influences, fo…
Confirming Gender Stereotypes: A Social Role Perspective
Male Gender Role Conflict and Multiculturalism: Implications for Counseling Psychology
The new multicultural guidelines reemphasized the importance of developing knowledge of, and skills in working with, individuals outside of the majority group. In this article, the author will detail recent advances in understanding how identified consequences of male gender role socialization, specifically male gender role conflict (GRC), intersect with other aspects of race, cultures, and sexual orientations. The literature surrounding male gen…
Male Gender Role Conflict, Gay Men, and Same-Sex Romantic Relationships
Some theorists have suggested that the traditionally socialized male reluctance to express intimacy is compounded within gay men’s same-sex romantic relationships. In both Study 1 and Study 2, analysis-of-variance comparisons between single gay men and gay men in a same-sex relationship failed to confirm this assertion. At the same time, hierarchical regression results demonstrated a small negative relationship between the traditionally socialize…
The Influence of Sexually Violent Rap Music on Attitudes of Men with Little Prior Exposure
This article is among the first to focus on commercially available, sexually violent rap music, so-called “gangsta” rap (GR) and its influence on attitudes toward women. Collegiate males with little experience with GR were exposed to GR music, lyrics, both, or neither. Thus the effect of GR music and lyrics were isolated from each other and from acculturation to GR. Collapsing across all attitude measures, neither lyrics alone nor lyrics with mus…
Referring men to seek help: The influence of gender role conflict and stigma
Why do men tend to underutilize mental health services? One reason may be that men are less frequently referred to seek such services. Indeed, male friends and family members may be particularly unlikely to refer men to seek mental health services, as it means going against the traditional male gender role proscription of talking to other men about emotional issues. This study is the first to explore how men’s experiences of gender role conflict …
Development and evaluation of the Gender Role Conflict Scale Short Form (GRCS-SF)
Within the literature on the psychology of men, the gender role conflict (GRC) paradigm has been one of the most productive research programs explaining the impact of restrictive gender roles in men’s lives. Despite recent efforts aimed at understanding GRC from a multicultural perspective, few studies have examined the factor structure of the primary measure of GRC, the Gender Role Conflict scale (GRCS), using diverse samples of men. That was on…
Mental Health Stereotypes About Gay Men
Dating Relationships and the Demand/Withdraw Pattern of Communication
Gender role conflict and psychological distress: The role of social support
Recent theoretical work in the psychology of men suggests that the negative consequences associated with traditional male gender roles might be lessened for men who experience a sense of social support. However, little research exists exploring how men adaptively utilize social support. Using a sample of 396 male participants, this study explores whether social support mediates or moderates the relationship between gender role conflict and psycho…
Male police officers and stigma associated with counseling: The role of anticipated risks, anticipated benefits and gender role conflict
Thinking Complexly About Men, Gender Role Conflict, and Counseling Psychology
The influential nature of this Major Contribution makes commenting a daunting task. However, after reviewing some of the likely consequences of this article, the author offers his sense of areas in which the research on male gender role conflict needs to grow
Multicultural coping: Chinese Canadian adolescents, male gender role conflict, and psychological distress
One hundred seventy-nine Chinese Canadian adolescents completed measures of male gender role conflict, culturally specific coping strategies, and psychological distress. Structural equation results demonstrate that Avoidance Coping and Engagement Coping mediated the relationship between all aspects of male gender role conflict, with the exception of Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between Men and psychological distress. Implications for counseli…
The Impact of Sex and Situational Cues on the Endorsement of Traditional Gender-Role Attitudes and Behaviors in Dating Couples
This investigation examines the effects of sex of participant, sex-role orientation and conversation topic on women's and men's endorsement of traditional gender-role attitudes and behaviors within intimate relationships. Sixty dating couples were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a discussion about the intimacy in their relationship, a discussion about everyday things, or a no-treatment control condition. The intimate-conversation co…
Factor structure of the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form in Chinese heterosexual and gay samples
The current study examined the validity of Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form (GRCS-SF) among a sample of 256 Chinese heterosexual men and 250 Chinese gay men. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the conclusion that a Chinese translated version of the GRCS-SF had acceptable structural validity. Specifically, the four-factor solution (i.e., Success, Power, Competition; Restricted Emotionality; Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between M…
Gender role conflict, alcohol, and help seeking among college men
The purpose of the present study was to examine how gender role conflict (GRC) may mediate the relationship between negative alcohol-related consequences, drinking motives, and attitudes toward psychological help among male college students. A total of 399 collegian men completed an Internet survey. Results suggest a complex interplay of variables in that negative alcohol-related consequences were partially mediated by GRC, whereas drinking motiv…
The effects of gender role conflict restricted emotionality on the association between exposure to trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder and intimate partner violence severity
Do “manly” men believe other men are happier? Social comparison, masculine norms, and positive work–family spillover
The Influence of Sexually Violent Rap Music on Attitudes of Men with Little Prior Exposure
This article is among the first to focus on commercially available, sexually violent rap music, so-called “gangsta” rap (GR) and its influence on attitudes toward women. Collegiate males with little experience with GR were exposed to GR music, lyrics, both, or neither. Thus the effect of GR music and lyrics were isolated from each other and from acculturation to GR. Collapsing across all attitude measures, neither lyrics alone nor lyrics with mus…
Dating Relationships and the Demand/Withdraw Pattern of Communication
The Impact of Sex and Situational Cues on the Endorsement of Traditional Gender-Role Attitudes and Behaviors in Dating Couples
This investigation examines the effects of sex of participant, sex-role orientation and conversation topic on women's and men's endorsement of traditional gender-role attitudes and behaviors within intimate relationships. Sixty dating couples were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a discussion about the intimacy in their relationship, a discussion about everyday things, or a no-treatment control condition. The intimate-conversation co…
The emperor's new clothes: Sociopolitical diversity in psychology
The emperor's new clothes: Sociopolitical diversity in psychology
Sex Differences in Emotion: A Critical Review of the Literature and Implications for Counseling Psychology
This article examines the findings of several reviews of the empirical literature on biological sex and emotion, focusing on the degree to which perceived sex differences in emotionality are, and in most cases are not, supported while at the same time addressing the implications this body of research has for counseling psychologists. This article also explores potential explanations, such as gender role socialization or situational influences, fo…
To seek help or not to seek help: The risks of self-disclosure.
Investigations into the reasons why people seek counseling have, for the most part, focused on approach factors, those variables that are associated with a potential client’s increased likelihood of seeking psychological services. The purpose of this research, however, is to explore the role of avoidance factors, those factors that are associated with a potential client’s decreased likelihood of seeking services. Across 2 studies of primarily Cau…
Confirming Gender Stereotypes: A Social Role Perspective
Male Gender Role Conflict, Gay Men, and Same-Sex Romantic Relationships
Some theorists have suggested that the traditionally socialized male reluctance to express intimacy is compounded within gay men’s same-sex romantic relationships. In both Study 1 and Study 2, analysis-of-variance comparisons between single gay men and gay men in a same-sex relationship failed to confirm this assertion. At the same time, hierarchical regression results demonstrated a small negative relationship between the traditionally socialize…
Multicultural coping: Chinese Canadian adolescents, male gender role conflict, and psychological distress
One hundred seventy-nine Chinese Canadian adolescents completed measures of male gender role conflict, culturally specific coping strategies, and psychological distress. Structural equation results demonstrate that Avoidance Coping and Engagement Coping mediated the relationship between all aspects of male gender role conflict, with the exception of Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between Men and psychological distress. Implications for counseli…
Mental Health Stereotypes About Gay Men
Seeking help from a mental health professional: The influence of one's social network
The decision to seek psychological help may be hindered or facilitated by many factors. Two potential factors that might facilitate help seeking are having a relationship with someone (a) who recommends seeking help or (b) who themselves have sought help. In two studies ( N = 780, N = 746), we explored the relationship between these factors and intentions to seek mental health services. In Study 1, being prompted to seek help and knowing someone …
Gender role conflict and psychological distress: The role of social support
Recent theoretical work in the psychology of men suggests that the negative consequences associated with traditional male gender roles might be lessened for men who experience a sense of social support. However, little research exists exploring how men adaptively utilize social support. Using a sample of 396 male participants, this study explores whether social support mediates or moderates the relationship between gender role conflict and psycho…
Male Gender Role Conflict and Multiculturalism: Implications for Counseling Psychology
The new multicultural guidelines reemphasized the importance of developing knowledge of, and skills in working with, individuals outside of the majority group. In this article, the author will detail recent advances in understanding how identified consequences of male gender role socialization, specifically male gender role conflict (GRC), intersect with other aspects of race, cultures, and sexual orientations. The literature surrounding male gen…
Thinking Complexly About Men, Gender Role Conflict, and Counseling Psychology
The influential nature of this Major Contribution makes commenting a daunting task. However, after reviewing some of the likely consequences of this article, the author offers his sense of areas in which the research on male gender role conflict needs to grow
Gender role conflict, alcohol, and help seeking among college men
The purpose of the present study was to examine how gender role conflict (GRC) may mediate the relationship between negative alcohol-related consequences, drinking motives, and attitudes toward psychological help among male college students. A total of 399 collegian men completed an Internet survey. Results suggest a complex interplay of variables in that negative alcohol-related consequences were partially mediated by GRC, whereas drinking motiv…
Male police officers and stigma associated with counseling: The role of anticipated risks, anticipated benefits and gender role conflict
Development and evaluation of the Gender Role Conflict Scale Short Form (GRCS-SF)
Within the literature on the psychology of men, the gender role conflict (GRC) paradigm has been one of the most productive research programs explaining the impact of restrictive gender roles in men’s lives. Despite recent efforts aimed at understanding GRC from a multicultural perspective, few studies have examined the factor structure of the primary measure of GRC, the Gender Role Conflict scale (GRCS), using diverse samples of men. That was on…
Referring men to seek help: The influence of gender role conflict and stigma
Why do men tend to underutilize mental health services? One reason may be that men are less frequently referred to seek such services. Indeed, male friends and family members may be particularly unlikely to refer men to seek mental health services, as it means going against the traditional male gender role proscription of talking to other men about emotional issues. This study is the first to explore how men’s experiences of gender role conflict …
Factor structure of the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form in Chinese heterosexual and gay samples
The current study examined the validity of Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form (GRCS-SF) among a sample of 256 Chinese heterosexual men and 250 Chinese gay men. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the conclusion that a Chinese translated version of the GRCS-SF had acceptable structural validity. Specifically, the four-factor solution (i.e., Success, Power, Competition; Restricted Emotionality; Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between M…
Do “manly” men believe other men are happier? Social comparison, masculine norms, and positive work–family spillover
The effects of gender role conflict restricted emotionality on the association between exposure to trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder and intimate partner violence severity
Psychology (22 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Developmental psychology (13 works) · Gender Roles and Identity Studies (13 works) · Clinical Psychology (7 works) · Clinical Psychology (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (6 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (5 works)