Pedro Arrieta Fernández
Biographic Data
| ID | 763238 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Pedro Arrieta Fernández |
| GIVEN NAMES | Pedro Arrieta |
| FAMILY NAME | Fernández |
| SIGNATURE | FERNÁNDEZ P A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6416-0463 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 191 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Are transitional justice and memory policies at risk of regressing? The Spanish case in comparative perspective
This article examines the challenges and potential setbacks faced by memory and transitional justice policies in contemporary democracies. While the early optimism of the “memory boom” suggested linear progress, the electoral rise of far-right movements calls for a reassessment of this assumption. The erosion of the authoritarian stigma in post-dictatorial societies reveals the vulnerability of memory policies to political volatility. The article…
Funerary Memorials to Victims of the Dictatorships in Spain and Chile: Sites of Memory, Mobilization and Revindication in Cemeteries
This study examines funerary memorials in Spain and Chile dedicated to victims of political repression, analyzing their roles as sites of memory. These memorials in cemeteries serve as spaces of mourning, solidarity and resistance, highlighting ongoing demands for truth and justice. The research identifies critical similarities and differences shaped by distinct historical and cultural contexts and investigates how these sites negotiate political…
Mobilization Capacity and Violence Against Local Leaders: Anticlerical Violence During the Spanish Civil War
Research on civilian victimization usually treats all civilians as a unitary group. But not all civilians are the same, nor are they killed for the same reasons. This study highlights a form of wartime civilian victimization that is little understood, even if pervasive across conflicts: violence against local leaders. We argue that this category of civilians are pre-emptively targeted because of their potential to mobilize support. Local leaders …
Reinhumaciones y memoriales de líderes históricos como metáforas de las transiciones en España y Chile
Los memoriales dedicados a las víctimas de violaciones de derechos humanos han sido abundantemente analizados en contextos de justicia transicional. En este artículo se estudia un tipo de memorial que ha recibido escasa conceptualización teórica y poca atención empírica: el "memorial funerario". Situados en cementerios, estos memoriales ocupan un espacio intermedio entre la vida y la muerte, lo que les confiere un componente emocional y los dota …
Funerales y memoriales de líderes históricos en las transiciones española y chilena
La monumentalización del espacio público ha estado siempre vinculada a los intentos de legitimación del poder. A partir del siglo xix proliferaron, sobre todo en el mundo occidental, monumentos a «hombres ilustres» de la nación, llegándose a producir lo que algunos han denominado «monumento-manía». Entre los propósitos de estas estatuas, bustos y conjuntos escultóricos destacaba el deseo de inculcar en la ciudadanía, de forma unidireccional y sin…
Gestión o representación? Los determinantes del voto en contextos políticos complejos
En este trabajo analizamos cómo se combinan en la decisión de voto consideraciones sobre la gestión gubernamental y consideraciones sobre la representatividad de los gobernantes. Hemos seleccionado cuatro Comunidades Autónomas con distintos grados de nacionalismo y distinta composición política en los niveles de gobierno autonómico y central. Los votantes toman decisiones en un espacio de dos dimensiones, ideológica y nacionalista. Determinamos l…
Los orígenes de la memoria histórica en España: Los Costes Del Emprendimiento Memorialista en La Transición
Hace tiempo que existe en España un debate sobre si la transición estuvo basada en el olvido y el silencio respecto a la guerra civil y el franquismo o si, por el contrario, hubo un interés manifiesto por ambos asuntos que se vio reflejado en multitud de publicaciones. No hay duda de que el pasado bélico —mucho más que el dictatorial— estuvo presente de diversas maneras en la transición, e incluso se ha constatado que los pioneros de las reivindi…
From mourning severed to mourning recovered: Tribute and remembrance strategies for families of the victims of Francoist repression
This article considers the different mourning strategies organized by the families of those Republicans executed in the Spanish Civil War to pay them tribute. For relatives, the need to remember their kinfolk acquired a much more dramatic meaning given the restrictions on mourning imposed under Francoism. But families often managed to circumvent the dictates of authoritarian power and devised creative strategies of tribute and remembrance. After …
Explaining disappearances as a tool of political terror
Despite the widespread use of disappearances as a central tool of terror in recent decades, little is known about the emergence of the phenomenon or its underlying rationale. We argue that growing international accountability norms, coupled with the improved quality of reporting human rights abuses, paradoxically reshaped the repressive strategies of certain regimes and pushed them to deploy more clandestine and extrajudicial forms of repression,…
El primer ciclo de exhumaciones y homenajes a fusilados republicanos en Navarra
En la guerra civil y en la posguerra, decenas de miles de republicanos fueron fusilados y enterrados en fosas comunes sin que se permitiera a sus allegados rendirles ningún tipo de tributo ni ofrecerles una sepultura digna. Tras la muerte de Franco, a pesar de los muchos años transcurridos, el anhelo de los familiares por desenterrar a sus deudos, ofrecerles un funeral y llevarles al cementerio se había mantenido intacto. Incluso podría decirse q…
Memoria y transición en España. Exhumaciones de fusilados republicanos y homenajes en su honor
This article focuses on the first cycle of exhumations of Republicans executed by Francoists during the Civil War and the post-war period, and buried in non-identified common graves. During this cycle, which started during the transition to democracy and lasted until the late 90s, no scientific protocol was implemented; relatives and friends undertook the task of unearthing and reburying the remains. Reburials usually implied ceremonies paying tr…
Justice institutions in autocracies: A Framework for Analysis
What role do justice institutions play in autocracies? We bring together the literatures on authoritarian political institutions and on judicial politics to create a framework to answer this question. We start from the premise that autocrats use justice institutions to deal with the fundamental problems of control and power-sharing. Unpacking "justice institutions" we argue that prosecutors and ordinary courts can serve, respectively, as "top-dow…
Unwilling to Forget: Local Memory Initiatives in Post-Franco Spain
It has been abundantly argued that the Spanish transition was based on an implicit ‘pact of silence’ by which the main political forces accepted to leave the thorniest aspects of past behind as the only way to peacefully construct a democratic future. And it has been widely accepted that Spanish society subscribed to this. This article defends a more nuanced version of this state-level agreement by focusing on memory-related initiatives at the lo…
Revealing New Truths about Spain's Violent Past
The foundation of a stable democracy in Spain was built on a settled account: an agreement that both sides were equally guilty of violence, a consensus to avoid contention, and a pact of oblivion as t
Preposterous Denial
Because few perpetrators would want to be associated with past violence, denial is one of the most commonly practiced forms of testimony. Denial takes a particularly preposterous form when perpetrators are confronted with unequivocal evidence. Even when perpetrators are protected legally from prosecution, they tend to deny and cover up their violent past. This chapter follows some outlandish denials made by perpetrators when they encounter family…
Generational dynamics in Spain: Memory transmission of a turbulent past
Despite the crucial transformations that Spain has experienced since Franco’s death, and in contrast with other countries that have democratized in recent decades, considerable reluctance remains toward implementing transitional justice measures. On the contrary, there is a tendency to hold on to a framework that combines the Amnesty Law of 1977 with partial reparations as the best guarantors of democratic stability. According to extant literatur…
Memory, media and spectacle: Interviú's portrayal of Civil War exhumations in the early years of Spanish democracy
The Franco regime promoted a memory of the war full of distortions and omissions. The silenced existence of mass graves with Republican civilians executed by Francoists was among the most outrageous of these. During the transition, the desire to put aside the traumatic memory of the war led to the neglect of these victims. This was particularly visible in the absence of government policies regarding these corpses. In spite of this silence, a firs…
Judiciary Involvement in Authoritarian Repression and Transitional Justice: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective
Journal Article Judiciary Involvement in Authoritarian Repression and Transitional Justice: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective Get access Paloma Aguilar Paloma Aguilar * * Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Spain. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Transitional Justice…
Jueces, represión y justicia transicional en España, Chile y Argentina
Por qué algunas democracias han avanzado tanto en el esclarecimiento y la persecución judicial de las violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas por las dictaduras precedentes, mientras que otras mantienen vigentes leyes de amnistía que impiden —o, al menos, dificultan— la aprobación de dichas medidas? Nos proponemos demostrar que, durante los procesos de democratización, cuanto más “legal” haya sido la represión dictatorial, y mayor sea la implic…
Determinants of Attitudes Toward Transitional Justice: An Empirical Analysis of the Spanish Case
Much has been said about the institutional determinants of transitional justice (TJ), yet scholars still know little about the determinants of citizens’ attitudes toward restorative policies aimed at addressing human rights violations of the past. This article draws on an original survey of a representative sample of Spanish citizens conducted in 2008. One year earlier, the Spanish socialist government had approved the so-called Law of Historical…
Las actitudes de los españoles ante las medidas de justicia transicional relativas a la Guerra Civil y al franquismo
Se ha hablado mucho de los determinantes institucionales de la justicia transicional (JT). Sin embargo, el conocimiento de qué variables condicionan las actitudes de los ciudadanos ante las políticas de reparación por violaciones de los derechos humanos sigue siendo escaso. En este artículo se explota una encuesta original del CIS realizada en 2008 a una muestra representativa de la población española. Un año antes, el Gobierno socialista había a…
Whatever happened to Francoist socialization? Spaniards' values and patterns of cultural consumption in the post-dictatorial period
Francoism had nearly four decades in which to try to inculcate Spaniards with a set of values suited to upholding its regime. For this purpose it had numerous sources of socialization at its disposal, as well as control of the media. This article aims to examine the legacies of this socializing process by reviewing not only the main features of the political culture of Spaniards, but also their patterns of cultural consumption regarding cinema an…
Terrorist Violence and Popular Mobilization: The Case of the Spanish Transition to Democracy
The hypothesis that terrorism often emerges when mass collective action declines and radicals take up arms to compensate for the weakness of a mass movement has been around for some time; however, it has never been tested systematically. In this article the authors investigate the relationship between terrorist violence and mass protest in the context of the Spanish transition to democracy. This period is known for its pacts and negotiations betw…
Transitional or Post-transitional Justice? Recent Developments in the Spanish Case
It is the intention of this article to promote a more dynamic and longer term view of transitional justice processes than is customary in this literature. An attempt will be made, by focusing on the recent and dramatic developments in the Spanish case, to identify the factors that explain why policies designed to compensate victims of human rights violations committed by the previous regime are susceptible to post-transition transformations. Alth…
Gestión o representación? Los determinantes del voto en contextos políticos complejos (Performance or Representation? The Determinants of Voting in Complex Political Contexts)
This paper analyses the way in which voting decision combines factors regarding government performance and the representative nature of the rulers. We have selected four Spanish regions with different degrees of nationalism and different parties at autonomous regional and central government leveis. Voters make decisions in a two-dimensional space (ideology and nationalism). We calculate the relative importance of each dimension and show that ideo…
Determinants of Attitudes Toward Transitional Justice: An Empirical Analysis of the Spanish Case
Much has been said about the institutional determinants of transitional justice (TJ), yet scholars still know little about the determinants of citizens’ attitudes toward restorative policies aimed at addressing human rights violations of the past. This article draws on an original survey of a representative sample of Spanish citizens conducted in 2008. One year earlier, the Spanish socialist government had approved the so-called Law of Historical…
Transitional or Post-transitional Justice? Recent Developments in the Spanish Case
It is the intention of this article to promote a more dynamic and longer term view of transitional justice processes than is customary in this literature. An attempt will be made, by focusing on the recent and dramatic developments in the Spanish case, to identify the factors that explain why policies designed to compensate victims of human rights violations committed by the previous regime are susceptible to post-transition transformations. Alth…
Collective memory of the Spanish civil war: The case of the political amnesty in the Spanish transition to democracy
This article focuses on two interrelated, but relatively ignored, factors in the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–78): first, the most important political mobilizations of the period in which the people demanded an amnesty for the political prisoners of the dictatorship; second, the presence of a collective memory of the Spanish civil war (1936–39), whose repetition was now to be avoided at all costs. It argues that the many collective actio…
Justice institutions in autocracies: A Framework for Analysis
What role do justice institutions play in autocracies? We bring together the literatures on authoritarian political institutions and on judicial politics to create a framework to answer this question. We start from the premise that autocrats use justice institutions to deal with the fundamental problems of control and power-sharing. Unpacking "justice institutions" we argue that prosecutors and ordinary courts can serve, respectively, as "top-dow…
Unwilling to Forget: Local Memory Initiatives in Post-Franco Spain
It has been abundantly argued that the Spanish transition was based on an implicit ‘pact of silence’ by which the main political forces accepted to leave the thorniest aspects of past behind as the only way to peacefully construct a democratic future. And it has been widely accepted that Spanish society subscribed to this. This article defends a more nuanced version of this state-level agreement by focusing on memory-related initiatives at the lo…
Terrorist Violence and Popular Mobilization: The Case of the Spanish Transition to Democracy
The hypothesis that terrorism often emerges when mass collective action declines and radicals take up arms to compensate for the weakness of a mass movement has been around for some time; however, it has never been tested systematically. In this article the authors investigate the relationship between terrorist violence and mass protest in the context of the Spanish transition to democracy. This period is known for its pacts and negotiations betw…
The memory of the civil war in the transition to democracy: The peculiarity of the Basque case
1998). The memory of the civil war in the transition to democracy: The peculiarity of the Basque case. West European Politics: Vol. 21, Politics and Policy in Democratic Spain: No Longer Different?, pp. 5-25
Explaining disappearances as a tool of political terror
Despite the widespread use of disappearances as a central tool of terror in recent decades, little is known about the emergence of the phenomenon or its underlying rationale. We argue that growing international accountability norms, coupled with the improved quality of reporting human rights abuses, paradoxically reshaped the repressive strategies of certain regimes and pushed them to deploy more clandestine and extrajudicial forms of repression,…
Memory, media and spectacle: Interviú's portrayal of Civil War exhumations in the early years of Spanish democracy
The Franco regime promoted a memory of the war full of distortions and omissions. The silenced existence of mass graves with Republican civilians executed by Francoists was among the most outrageous of these. During the transition, the desire to put aside the traumatic memory of the war led to the neglect of these victims. This was particularly visible in the absence of government policies regarding these corpses. In spite of this silence, a firs…
Gestión o representación? Los determinantes del voto en contextos políticos complejos (Performance or Representation? The Determinants of Voting in Complex Political Contexts)
This paper analyses the way in which voting decision combines factors regarding government performance and the representative nature of the rulers. We have selected four Spanish regions with different degrees of nationalism and different parties at autonomous regional and central government leveis. Voters make decisions in a two-dimensional space (ideology and nationalism). We calculate the relative importance of each dimension and show that ideo…
Memoria y transición en España. Exhumaciones de fusilados republicanos y homenajes en su honor
This article focuses on the first cycle of exhumations of Republicans executed by Francoists during the Civil War and the post-war period, and buried in non-identified common graves. During this cycle, which started during the transition to democracy and lasted until the late 90s, no scientific protocol was implemented; relatives and friends undertook the task of unearthing and reburying the remains. Reburials usually implied ceremonies paying tr…
Whatever happened to Francoist socialization? Spaniards' values and patterns of cultural consumption in the post-dictatorial period
Francoism had nearly four decades in which to try to inculcate Spaniards with a set of values suited to upholding its regime. For this purpose it had numerous sources of socialization at its disposal, as well as control of the media. This article aims to examine the legacies of this socializing process by reviewing not only the main features of the political culture of Spaniards, but also their patterns of cultural consumption regarding cinema an…
Los orígenes de la memoria histórica en España: Los Costes Del Emprendimiento Memorialista en La Transición
Hace tiempo que existe en España un debate sobre si la transición estuvo basada en el olvido y el silencio respecto a la guerra civil y el franquismo o si, por el contrario, hubo un interés manifiesto por ambos asuntos que se vio reflejado en multitud de publicaciones. No hay duda de que el pasado bélico —mucho más que el dictatorial— estuvo presente de diversas maneras en la transición, e incluso se ha constatado que los pioneros de las reivindi…
El primer ciclo de exhumaciones y homenajes a fusilados republicanos en Navarra
En la guerra civil y en la posguerra, decenas de miles de republicanos fueron fusilados y enterrados en fosas comunes sin que se permitiera a sus allegados rendirles ningún tipo de tributo ni ofrecerles una sepultura digna. Tras la muerte de Franco, a pesar de los muchos años transcurridos, el anhelo de los familiares por desenterrar a sus deudos, ofrecerles un funeral y llevarles al cementerio se había mantenido intacto. Incluso podría decirse q…
Generational dynamics in Spain: Memory transmission of a turbulent past
Despite the crucial transformations that Spain has experienced since Franco’s death, and in contrast with other countries that have democratized in recent decades, considerable reluctance remains toward implementing transitional justice measures. On the contrary, there is a tendency to hold on to a framework that combines the Amnesty Law of 1977 with partial reparations as the best guarantors of democratic stability. According to extant literatur…
Gestión o representación? Los determinantes del voto en contextos políticos complejos
En este trabajo analizamos cómo se combinan en la decisión de voto consideraciones sobre la gestión gubernamental y consideraciones sobre la representatividad de los gobernantes. Hemos seleccionado cuatro Comunidades Autónomas con distintos grados de nacionalismo y distinta composición política en los niveles de gobierno autonómico y central. Los votantes toman decisiones en un espacio de dos dimensiones, ideológica y nacionalista. Determinamos l…
Judiciary Involvement in Authoritarian Repression and Transitional Justice: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective
Journal Article Judiciary Involvement in Authoritarian Repression and Transitional Justice: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective Get access Paloma Aguilar Paloma Aguilar * * Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Spain. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Transitional Justice…
Mobilization Capacity and Violence Against Local Leaders: Anticlerical Violence During the Spanish Civil War
Research on civilian victimization usually treats all civilians as a unitary group. But not all civilians are the same, nor are they killed for the same reasons. This study highlights a form of wartime civilian victimization that is little understood, even if pervasive across conflicts: violence against local leaders. We argue that this category of civilians are pre-emptively targeted because of their potential to mobilize support. Local leaders …
Jueces, represión y justicia transicional en España, Chile y Argentina
Por qué algunas democracias han avanzado tanto en el esclarecimiento y la persecución judicial de las violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas por las dictaduras precedentes, mientras que otras mantienen vigentes leyes de amnistía que impiden —o, al menos, dificultan— la aprobación de dichas medidas? Nos proponemos demostrar que, durante los procesos de democratización, cuanto más “legal” haya sido la represión dictatorial, y mayor sea la implic…
Las actitudes de los españoles ante las medidas de justicia transicional relativas a la Guerra Civil y al franquismo
Se ha hablado mucho de los determinantes institucionales de la justicia transicional (JT). Sin embargo, el conocimiento de qué variables condicionan las actitudes de los ciudadanos ante las políticas de reparación por violaciones de los derechos humanos sigue siendo escaso. En este artículo se explota una encuesta original del CIS realizada en 2008 a una muestra representativa de la población española. Un año antes, el Gobierno socialista había a…
From mourning severed to mourning recovered: Tribute and remembrance strategies for families of the victims of Francoist repression
This article considers the different mourning strategies organized by the families of those Republicans executed in the Spanish Civil War to pay them tribute. For relatives, the need to remember their kinfolk acquired a much more dramatic meaning given the restrictions on mourning imposed under Francoism. But families often managed to circumvent the dictates of authoritarian power and devised creative strategies of tribute and remembrance. After …
La integración social de la Chontalpa: Un Análisis Regional en El Trópico Mexicano
Collective memory of the Spanish civil war: The case of the political amnesty in the Spanish transition to democracy
This article focuses on two interrelated, but relatively ignored, factors in the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–78): first, the most important political mobilizations of the period in which the people demanded an amnesty for the political prisoners of the dictatorship; second, the presence of a collective memory of the Spanish civil war (1936–39), whose repetition was now to be avoided at all costs. It argues that the many collective actio…
The memory of the civil war in the transition to democracy: The peculiarity of the Basque case
1998). The memory of the civil war in the transition to democracy: The peculiarity of the Basque case. West European Politics: Vol. 21, Politics and Policy in Democratic Spain: No Longer Different?, pp. 5-25
Actualidad de la religiosidad en el México rural
El artículo no presenta resumen
Memory and Amnesia. The Role of the Spanish Civil War in Transition to Democracy
Regarding Memory, Learning and Amnesia The Generational Question Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Presentism Taxidermism Amnesia Learning Ceremonies and Monuments Methodology and Sources Chapter 2. From the Justification of War to the exaltation of Peace: The Development of Official Discourse during the Franco Period Alternating Legitimacy Origin-based Legitimacy and Performance-based Legitimacy Champions of Francoist Legitimacy From War to P…
Gestión o representación? Los determinantes del voto en contextos políticos complejos (Performance or Representation? The Determinants of Voting in Complex Political Contexts)
This paper analyses the way in which voting decision combines factors regarding government performance and the representative nature of the rulers. We have selected four Spanish regions with different degrees of nationalism and different parties at autonomous regional and central government leveis. Voters make decisions in a two-dimensional space (ideology and nationalism). We calculate the relative importance of each dimension and show that ideo…
Transitional or Post-transitional Justice? Recent Developments in the Spanish Case
It is the intention of this article to promote a more dynamic and longer term view of transitional justice processes than is customary in this literature. An attempt will be made, by focusing on the recent and dramatic developments in the Spanish case, to identify the factors that explain why policies designed to compensate victims of human rights violations committed by the previous regime are susceptible to post-transition transformations. Alth…
Whatever happened to Francoist socialization? Spaniards' values and patterns of cultural consumption in the post-dictatorial period
Francoism had nearly four decades in which to try to inculcate Spaniards with a set of values suited to upholding its regime. For this purpose it had numerous sources of socialization at its disposal, as well as control of the media. This article aims to examine the legacies of this socializing process by reviewing not only the main features of the political culture of Spaniards, but also their patterns of cultural consumption regarding cinema an…
Terrorist Violence and Popular Mobilization: The Case of the Spanish Transition to Democracy
The hypothesis that terrorism often emerges when mass collective action declines and radicals take up arms to compensate for the weakness of a mass movement has been around for some time; however, it has never been tested systematically. In this article the authors investigate the relationship between terrorist violence and mass protest in the context of the Spanish transition to democracy. This period is known for its pacts and negotiations betw…
Las actitudes de los españoles ante las medidas de justicia transicional relativas a la Guerra Civil y al franquismo
Se ha hablado mucho de los determinantes institucionales de la justicia transicional (JT). Sin embargo, el conocimiento de qué variables condicionan las actitudes de los ciudadanos ante las políticas de reparación por violaciones de los derechos humanos sigue siendo escaso. En este artículo se explota una encuesta original del CIS realizada en 2008 a una muestra representativa de la población española. Un año antes, el Gobierno socialista había a…
Determinants of Attitudes Toward Transitional Justice: An Empirical Analysis of the Spanish Case
Much has been said about the institutional determinants of transitional justice (TJ), yet scholars still know little about the determinants of citizens’ attitudes toward restorative policies aimed at addressing human rights violations of the past. This article draws on an original survey of a representative sample of Spanish citizens conducted in 2008. One year earlier, the Spanish socialist government had approved the so-called Law of Historical…
Judiciary Involvement in Authoritarian Repression and Transitional Justice: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective
Journal Article Judiciary Involvement in Authoritarian Repression and Transitional Justice: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective Get access Paloma Aguilar Paloma Aguilar * * Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Spain. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Transitional Justice…
Jueces, represión y justicia transicional en España, Chile y Argentina
Por qué algunas democracias han avanzado tanto en el esclarecimiento y la persecución judicial de las violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas por las dictaduras precedentes, mientras que otras mantienen vigentes leyes de amnistía que impiden —o, al menos, dificultan— la aprobación de dichas medidas? Nos proponemos demostrar que, durante los procesos de democratización, cuanto más “legal” haya sido la represión dictatorial, y mayor sea la implic…
Revealing New Truths about Spain's Violent Past
The foundation of a stable democracy in Spain was built on a settled account: an agreement that both sides were equally guilty of violence, a consensus to avoid contention, and a pact of oblivion as t
Preposterous Denial
Because few perpetrators would want to be associated with past violence, denial is one of the most commonly practiced forms of testimony. Denial takes a particularly preposterous form when perpetrators are confronted with unequivocal evidence. Even when perpetrators are protected legally from prosecution, they tend to deny and cover up their violent past. This chapter follows some outlandish denials made by perpetrators when they encounter family…
Generational dynamics in Spain: Memory transmission of a turbulent past
Despite the crucial transformations that Spain has experienced since Franco’s death, and in contrast with other countries that have democratized in recent decades, considerable reluctance remains toward implementing transitional justice measures. On the contrary, there is a tendency to hold on to a framework that combines the Amnesty Law of 1977 with partial reparations as the best guarantors of democratic stability. According to extant literatur…
Memory, media and spectacle: Interviú's portrayal of Civil War exhumations in the early years of Spanish democracy
The Franco regime promoted a memory of the war full of distortions and omissions. The silenced existence of mass graves with Republican civilians executed by Francoists was among the most outrageous of these. During the transition, the desire to put aside the traumatic memory of the war led to the neglect of these victims. This was particularly visible in the absence of government policies regarding these corpses. In spite of this silence, a firs…
Unwilling to Forget: Local Memory Initiatives in Post-Franco Spain
It has been abundantly argued that the Spanish transition was based on an implicit ‘pact of silence’ by which the main political forces accepted to leave the thorniest aspects of past behind as the only way to peacefully construct a democratic future. And it has been widely accepted that Spanish society subscribed to this. This article defends a more nuanced version of this state-level agreement by focusing on memory-related initiatives at the lo…
Memoria y transición en España. Exhumaciones de fusilados republicanos y homenajes en su honor
This article focuses on the first cycle of exhumations of Republicans executed by Francoists during the Civil War and the post-war period, and buried in non-identified common graves. During this cycle, which started during the transition to democracy and lasted until the late 90s, no scientific protocol was implemented; relatives and friends undertook the task of unearthing and reburying the remains. Reburials usually implied ceremonies paying tr…
Justice institutions in autocracies: A Framework for Analysis
What role do justice institutions play in autocracies? We bring together the literatures on authoritarian political institutions and on judicial politics to create a framework to answer this question. We start from the premise that autocrats use justice institutions to deal with the fundamental problems of control and power-sharing. Unpacking "justice institutions" we argue that prosecutors and ordinary courts can serve, respectively, as "top-dow…
Explaining disappearances as a tool of political terror
Despite the widespread use of disappearances as a central tool of terror in recent decades, little is known about the emergence of the phenomenon or its underlying rationale. We argue that growing international accountability norms, coupled with the improved quality of reporting human rights abuses, paradoxically reshaped the repressive strategies of certain regimes and pushed them to deploy more clandestine and extrajudicial forms of repression,…
El primer ciclo de exhumaciones y homenajes a fusilados republicanos en Navarra
En la guerra civil y en la posguerra, decenas de miles de republicanos fueron fusilados y enterrados en fosas comunes sin que se permitiera a sus allegados rendirles ningún tipo de tributo ni ofrecerles una sepultura digna. Tras la muerte de Franco, a pesar de los muchos años transcurridos, el anhelo de los familiares por desenterrar a sus deudos, ofrecerles un funeral y llevarles al cementerio se había mantenido intacto. Incluso podría decirse q…
From mourning severed to mourning recovered: Tribute and remembrance strategies for families of the victims of Francoist repression
This article considers the different mourning strategies organized by the families of those Republicans executed in the Spanish Civil War to pay them tribute. For relatives, the need to remember their kinfolk acquired a much more dramatic meaning given the restrictions on mourning imposed under Francoism. But families often managed to circumvent the dictates of authoritarian power and devised creative strategies of tribute and remembrance. After …
Los orígenes de la memoria histórica en España: Los Costes Del Emprendimiento Memorialista en La Transición
Hace tiempo que existe en España un debate sobre si la transición estuvo basada en el olvido y el silencio respecto a la guerra civil y el franquismo o si, por el contrario, hubo un interés manifiesto por ambos asuntos que se vio reflejado en multitud de publicaciones. No hay duda de que el pasado bélico —mucho más que el dictatorial— estuvo presente de diversas maneras en la transición, e incluso se ha constatado que los pioneros de las reivindi…
Funerales y memoriales de líderes históricos en las transiciones española y chilena
La monumentalización del espacio público ha estado siempre vinculada a los intentos de legitimación del poder. A partir del siglo xix proliferaron, sobre todo en el mundo occidental, monumentos a «hombres ilustres» de la nación, llegándose a producir lo que algunos han denominado «monumento-manía». Entre los propósitos de estas estatuas, bustos y conjuntos escultóricos destacaba el deseo de inculcar en la ciudadanía, de forma unidireccional y sin…
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