Jacquie D Vorauer
Biographic Data
| ID | 766373 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jacquie D Vorauer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jacquie D |
| FAMILY NAME | Vorauer |
| SIGNATURE | VORAUER J D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Manitoba |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0450-169X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 308 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
What stands out to you about me? Implications of self-observation during online intergroup interaction for metaperceived race salience
Whether a group membership is salient in one's mind is a key determinant of its impact. Accordingly, group membership salience figures prominently in theories of intergroup cognition, affect, and behavior. Based on individuals' ready attention to how they are perceived and might be rejected by others, we reasoned that metaperceived group membership salience-perceptions of a group membership being salient to others-might constitute a critical form…
Taking a look in the virtual mirror: Implications of self-observation by White individuals during online intergroup exchanges for their own and their racialized partners’ experience
Concerns about being viewed negatively by outgroup members can have harmful implications for intergroup interaction. In line with the information search model, research suggests that trying to empathize with outgroup partners—by virtue of still involving taking outgroup members’ perspective—can lead right back to evaluative concerns. The present experiment (276 dyads) tested the model’s further prediction that—by virtue of still involving a focus…
A perceived control‐relationally devaluing experiences model of low socioeconomic status vulnerability to negative relationship outcomes
We propose that individuals low (vs. high) in socioeconomic status (SES) are vulnerable to impaired relationship functioning through two different mutually reinforcing paths that both directly implicate perceptions of control and relational devaluation. The first of these involves chronic exposure to relational devaluation as a function of factors such as stigmatization in broader society that serves to undermine low SES individuals’ perceptions …
The disempowering implications for members of marginalized groups of imposing a focus on personal experiences in discussions of intergroup issues
In contrast to when members of marginalized groups choose to share their personal experiences on their own terms and in service of their own goals, when outside forces impose a focus on personal experiences in discussions of intergroup policies, there is instead the potential for disempowering implications: Being asked by someone else to approach intergroup issues through the specific lens of their personal experience may lead members of marginal…
Imagined empathy and anger intensity: Distinct emotional implications of perceiving that a close versus distant other is privy to an anger-inducing experience
"Is Water a Human Right?": Priming Water as a Human Right Increases Support for Government Action
Many First Nations homes in Canada do not have adequate water services. This issue is unlikely to be resolved without public pressure on the government. Thus, we investigated one strategy to increase non-Indigenous Canadians’ support for government action: framing water as a human right. Informed by a partnership with Indigenous community members and multidisciplinary collaborators, we conducted seven experiments that sampled non-Indigenous Canad…
Who brings you up when you're feeling down? Distinct implications of dispositional empathy versus situationally-prompted empathic mindsets for targets' affective experience in face-to-face interperson…
Empathy and Concern with Negative Evaluation in Intergroup Relations: Implications for Designing Effective Interventions
Widespread belief in the benefits of empathy and its healing power is evident in public discourse and across diverse news and social media outlets around the world. Yet research reveals that empathy can sometimes have adverse effects on individuals' intergroup attitudes and behavior. A link between empathy and concerns with negative evaluation helps explain why empathy can backfire. Accordingly, using the minimization of evaluative concerns as an…
How Low Can You(r Power) Go? It Depends on Whether You are Male or Female
Ideology and Voice: Salient Multiculturalism Enhances Ethnic Minority Group Members’ Persuasiveness in Intergroup Interaction
What situational forces might enhance ethnic minority group members’ voice and ability to exert social influence during exchanges with dominant group members? Two experiments involving face-to-face dyadic intergroup interaction examined whether making multiculturalism salient to minority group members would increase the extent to which they persuaded a dominant interaction partner of their own point of view on a series of controversial social iss…
Empathy by dominant versus minority group members in intergroup interaction: Do dominant group members always come out on top
What power dynamics are instantiated when a minority group member empathizes with a dominant group member during social interaction? How do these dynamics compare to those instantiated when the dominant group member instead does the empathizing? According to a general power script account, because empathy is generally directed “down” toward disadvantaged targets needing support, the empathizer should come out “on top” with respect to power-releva…
Don’t bring me down: Divergent effects of being the target of empathy versus perspective-taking on minority group members’ perceptions of their group’s social standing
This experiment examined how being the target of one of two commonly recommended strategies for improving intergroup relations—empathy or perspective-taking—affects minority group members’ sense of their group’s power and status in society. The main hypothesis was that the distinct status hierarchies implied by each of these mindsets would be communicated across face-to-face intergroup exchanges. Specifically, because empathy targets are typicall…
The Other Side of the Story: Transparency Estimation in Social Interaction
A well-known proverb advises individuals against “judging a book by its cover” when they are evaluating other people. It is clear, however, that this wisdom is often not put into practice. Decades of research on the correspondence bias (Jones, 1979) reveal that individuals are quite ready to jump to conclusions about others on the basis of limited or superficial information. Perceivers tend to infer that behavior on the surface reflects the perso…
Potential negative effects of perspective-taking efforts in the context of close relationships: Increased bias and reduced satisfaction
Three experiments demonstrated that trying to appreciate a close other's unique point of view (imagine-other perspective taking) increases the extent to which individuals overestimate their own transparency to the close other, that is, how many of their values, preferences, traits, and feelings are readily apparent to him or her. Trying to be objective and pay careful attention to cues from a close other, which inhibits perspective taking, instea…
In the worst rather than the best of times: Effects of salient intergroup ideology in threatening intergroup interactions
Three studies demonstrated that a salient multicultural ideology increases hostile treatment of threatening outgroup interaction partners. The effect of multiculturalism on hostile behavior was evident regardless of whether threat was operationalized in terms of disagreement with an outgroup partner on important social issues (Studies 1 and 3) or rejection by the partner (Study 2). Moreover, the results clearly point to the learning orientation f…
The pitfalls of empathy as a default intergroup interaction strategy: Distinct effects of trying to empathize with a lower status outgroup member who does versus does not express distress
Cascading Metaperceptions: Signal Amplification Bias as a Consequence of Reflected Self-esteem
People expect intimate partners to understand their personality, including feelings of self-worth. These general assumptions about transparency may influence situation-specific estimates of how others view the self (i.e., metaperceptions). In contexts that elicit evaluative concerns, lower self-esteem individuals, who think their chronic self-doubts are obvious to partners, should believe that their partners will infer they are anxious, whether t…
Contagious resource depletion and anxiety? Spreading effects of evaluative concern and impression formation in dyadic social interaction
Helpful Only in the Abstract?: Ironic Effects of Empathy in Intergroup Interaction
This study tested the hypothesis that empathizing with out-group members is beneficial outside of, but not within, intergroup-contact situations. We predicted that in the context of intergroup interaction, the potential for evaluation would lead individuals' perspective-taking efforts to take on an egocentric and counterproductive flavor. As predicted, when empathy was instantiated during an intergroup exchange, it failed to exert its usual posit…
Salient Intergroup Ideology and Intergroup Interaction
Two experiments examined how rendering different intergroup ideologies salient affects dominant- and minority-group members' behavior during, and experience of, intergroup interactions. We hypothesized that ideologies that encourage an outward focus on appreciating out-group members' distinctive qualities (multiculturalism) would have more positive implications than ideologies that encourage a self-control focus on ignoring social categories and …
In need of liberation or constraint? How intergroup attitudes moderate the behavioral implications of intergroup ideologies
When trying to understand detracts from trying to behave: Effects of perspective taking in intergroup interaction
Four studies demonstrate that perspective taking can backfire in intergroup interaction, leading lower prejudice individuals to treat an outgroup member less positively than they do when they adopt alternative mind-sets; for higher prejudice individuals, perspective taking instead had a positive, albeit less consistent, effect on behavior. The net result was behavior disruption, whereby individuals' treatment of an outgroup member became incongru…
Who cares what the outgroup thinks? Testing an information search model of the importance individuals accord to an outgroup member's view of them during intergroup interaction
Four studies examined whether the intensity of individuals' concern with evaluation is affected by whether they are engaged in intragroup or intergroup interaction. According to the authors' theoretical framework, the importance that individuals attach to another person's opinion is a function of how predictive that person's evaluation seems to be of their social standing and outcomes. Members of lower status groups are more invested in outgroup …
When self-disclosure goes awry: Negative consequences of revealing personal failures for lower self-esteem individuals
Unprejudiced and self-focused: When intergroup contact is experienced as being about the ingroup rather than the outgroup
How do individuals expect to be viewed by members of lower status groups? Content and implications of meta-stereotypes
Meta-stereotype activation: Evidence from indirect measures for specific evaluative concerns experienced by members of dominant groups in intergroup interaction
Six experiments demonstrated that dominant group members readily frame intergroup interaction in terms of how they themselves are evaluated. The authors used indirect measures of meta-stereotype activation to assess dominant group members' inclination to spontaneously consider an out-group member's (ostensible) stereotypic expectations about them. The necessary conditions for meta-stereotype activation were rather minimal, but the potential for e…
When trying to understand detracts from trying to behave: Effects of perspective taking in intergroup interaction
Four studies demonstrate that perspective taking can backfire in intergroup interaction, leading lower prejudice individuals to treat an outgroup member less positively than they do when they adopt alternative mind-sets; for higher prejudice individuals, perspective taking instead had a positive, albeit less consistent, effect on behavior. The net result was behavior disruption, whereby individuals' treatment of an outgroup member became incongru…
Disruptive Effects of Vigilance on Dominant Group Members' Treatment of Outgroup Members: Choking Versus Shining Under Pressure
Three studies examined the hypothesis that evaluative concerns exert a disruptive effect on intimacy-building behaviors exhibited by dominant group members in intergroup interaction. The authors predicted that although evaluative concerns would lead individuals with a negative baseline response to outgroup members to shine (i.e., to exhibit warmer, more friendly behavior), such concerns would have a contrary, choking, effect on individuals with a…
In the worst rather than the best of times: Effects of salient intergroup ideology in threatening intergroup interactions
Three studies demonstrated that a salient multicultural ideology increases hostile treatment of threatening outgroup interaction partners. The effect of multiculturalism on hostile behavior was evident regardless of whether threat was operationalized in terms of disagreement with an outgroup partner on important social issues (Studies 1 and 3) or rejection by the partner (Study 2). Moreover, the results clearly point to the learning orientation f…
Who cares what the outgroup thinks? Testing an information search model of the importance individuals accord to an outgroup member's view of them during intergroup interaction
Four studies examined whether the intensity of individuals' concern with evaluation is affected by whether they are engaged in intragroup or intergroup interaction. According to the authors' theoretical framework, the importance that individuals attach to another person's opinion is a function of how predictive that person's evaluation seems to be of their social standing and outcomes. Members of lower status groups are more invested in outgroup …
Self-Awareness and Feeling Transparent: Failing to Suppress One's Self
Who's Going to Make the First Move? Pluralistic Ignorance as an Impediment to Relationship Formation
Six studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that individuals contemplating `making the first move' in initiating a romantic relationship experience pluralistic ignorance (N = 544). Studies 1 and 2 established the preconditions for the phenomenon: participants indicated that they were more likely than a potential partner to be inhibited from making an initiative by a fear of rejection. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrated pluralistic ignorance: alth…
In need of liberation or constraint? How intergroup attitudes moderate the behavioral implications of intergroup ideologies
Invisible overtures: Fears of rejection and the signal amplification bias
Four studies demonstrated that fears of rejection prompt individuals to exhibit a signal amplification bias, whereby they perceive that their overtures communicate more romantic interest to potential partners than is actually the case. The link between rejection anxieties and the bias was evident regardless of whether fears of rejection were assessed in terms of chronic attachment anxiety or were induced by reflection on a previous rejection expe…
Failure to recognize the effect of implicit social influence on the presentation of self
Two studies demonstrated that individuals can fail to detect changes in their actions that are induced by implicit social influence. In both studies, observers' impressions indicated that actors matched the positivity of their remarks about themselves to the positivity of another person's self-description. However, actors' own judgments of the types of impressions they conveyed revealed that they did not perceive the effect of the other's self-de…
When self-disclosure goes awry: Negative consequences of revealing personal failures for lower self-esteem individuals
Don’t bring me down: Divergent effects of being the target of empathy versus perspective-taking on minority group members’ perceptions of their group’s social standing
This experiment examined how being the target of one of two commonly recommended strategies for improving intergroup relations—empathy or perspective-taking—affects minority group members’ sense of their group’s power and status in society. The main hypothesis was that the distinct status hierarchies implied by each of these mindsets would be communicated across face-to-face intergroup exchanges. Specifically, because empathy targets are typicall…
Unprejudiced and self-focused: When intergroup contact is experienced as being about the ingroup rather than the outgroup
Contagious resource depletion and anxiety? Spreading effects of evaluative concern and impression formation in dyadic social interaction
So close, and yet so far: Does collectivism foster transparency overestimation
The present research demonstrated that horizontal collectivism (HC), the tendency to emphasize social bonds and interdependence, is associated with overestimating the extent to which one's preferences, feelings, and behavioral inclinations are transparent to close others. The link between HC and felt transparency was mediated by self-other merging but was not significantly mediated by perceived similarity, behavioral closeness, or metaperception …
Potential negative effects of perspective-taking efforts in the context of close relationships: Increased bias and reduced satisfaction
Three experiments demonstrated that trying to appreciate a close other's unique point of view (imagine-other perspective taking) increases the extent to which individuals overestimate their own transparency to the close other, that is, how many of their values, preferences, traits, and feelings are readily apparent to him or her. Trying to be objective and pay careful attention to cues from a close other, which inhibits perspective taking, instea…
A perceived control‐relationally devaluing experiences model of low socioeconomic status vulnerability to negative relationship outcomes
We propose that individuals low (vs. high) in socioeconomic status (SES) are vulnerable to impaired relationship functioning through two different mutually reinforcing paths that both directly implicate perceptions of control and relational devaluation. The first of these involves chronic exposure to relational devaluation as a function of factors such as stigmatization in broader society that serves to undermine low SES individuals’ perceptions …
The disempowering implications for members of marginalized groups of imposing a focus on personal experiences in discussions of intergroup issues
In contrast to when members of marginalized groups choose to share their personal experiences on their own terms and in service of their own goals, when outside forces impose a focus on personal experiences in discussions of intergroup policies, there is instead the potential for disempowering implications: Being asked by someone else to approach intergroup issues through the specific lens of their personal experience may lead members of marginal…
Who brings you up when you're feeling down? Distinct implications of dispositional empathy versus situationally-prompted empathic mindsets for targets' affective experience in face-to-face interperson…
Empathy by dominant versus minority group members in intergroup interaction: Do dominant group members always come out on top
What power dynamics are instantiated when a minority group member empathizes with a dominant group member during social interaction? How do these dynamics compare to those instantiated when the dominant group member instead does the empathizing? According to a general power script account, because empathy is generally directed “down” toward disadvantaged targets needing support, the empathizer should come out “on top” with respect to power-releva…
The pitfalls of empathy as a default intergroup interaction strategy: Distinct effects of trying to empathize with a lower status outgroup member who does versus does not express distress
Who's Going to Make the First Move? Pluralistic Ignorance as an Impediment to Relationship Formation
Six studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that individuals contemplating `making the first move' in initiating a romantic relationship experience pluralistic ignorance (N = 544). Studies 1 and 2 established the preconditions for the phenomenon: participants indicated that they were more likely than a potential partner to be inhibited from making an initiative by a fear of rejection. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrated pluralistic ignorance: alth…
Failure to recognize the effect of implicit social influence on the presentation of self
Two studies demonstrated that individuals can fail to detect changes in their actions that are induced by implicit social influence. In both studies, observers' impressions indicated that actors matched the positivity of their remarks about themselves to the positivity of another person's self-description. However, actors' own judgments of the types of impressions they conveyed revealed that they did not perceive the effect of the other's self-de…
How do individuals expect to be viewed by members of lower status groups? Content and implications of meta-stereotypes
Self-Awareness and Feeling Transparent: Failing to Suppress One's Self
Meta-stereotype activation: Evidence from indirect measures for specific evaluative concerns experienced by members of dominant groups in intergroup interaction
Six experiments demonstrated that dominant group members readily frame intergroup interaction in terms of how they themselves are evaluated. The authors used indirect measures of meta-stereotype activation to assess dominant group members' inclination to spontaneously consider an out-group member's (ostensible) stereotypic expectations about them. The necessary conditions for meta-stereotype activation were rather minimal, but the potential for e…
Is this about You or Me? Self-Versus Other-Directed Judgments and Feelings in Response to Intergroup Interaction
This research demonstrated that both dominant and lower status group members’ responses to interacting with an out-group member can center largely on thoughts and feelings about themselves. Pairs of students (either two White Canadians or one White Canadian and one Aboriginal Canadian) had casual get-acquainted discussions. Consistent with our hypothesis that individuals would tend to frame the interaction in terms of the other person’s evaluatio…
So close, and yet so far: Does collectivism foster transparency overestimation
The present research demonstrated that horizontal collectivism (HC), the tendency to emphasize social bonds and interdependence, is associated with overestimating the extent to which one's preferences, feelings, and behavioral inclinations are transparent to close others. The link between HC and felt transparency was mediated by self-other merging but was not significantly mediated by perceived similarity, behavioral closeness, or metaperception …
Invisible overtures: Fears of rejection and the signal amplification bias
Four studies demonstrated that fears of rejection prompt individuals to exhibit a signal amplification bias, whereby they perceive that their overtures communicate more romantic interest to potential partners than is actually the case. The link between rejection anxieties and the bias was evident regardless of whether fears of rejection were assessed in terms of chronic attachment anxiety or were induced by reflection on a previous rejection expe…
Family caregiver perspective-taking and accuracy in estimating cancer patient symptom experiences
Disruptive Effects of Vigilance on Dominant Group Members' Treatment of Outgroup Members: Choking Versus Shining Under Pressure
Three studies examined the hypothesis that evaluative concerns exert a disruptive effect on intimacy-building behaviors exhibited by dominant group members in intergroup interaction. The authors predicted that although evaluative concerns would lead individuals with a negative baseline response to outgroup members to shine (i.e., to exhibit warmer, more friendly behavior), such concerns would have a contrary, choking, effect on individuals with a…
An information search model of evaluative concerns in intergroup interaction.
In an information search model, evaluative concerns during intergroup interaction are conceptualized as a joint function of uncertainty regarding and importance attached to out-group members' views of oneself. High uncertainty generally fosters evaluative concerns during intergroup exchanges. Importance depends on whether out-group members' evaluations are perceived as diagnostic of one's social standing and outcomes. Perceived diagnosticity can …
Threatened identities and interethnic interactions
This chapter adopts a social identity threat perspective to examine dynamics of interethnic interactions. We first review relevant literature regarding the conditions under which both White and ethnic minority individuals are likely to experience social identity threat within the specific context of interethnic interactions. We focus on the threat of being perceived as stereotypical of one's ethnic group, considering situation- and person-level f…
Unprejudiced and self-focused: When intergroup contact is experienced as being about the ingroup rather than the outgroup
Who cares what the outgroup thinks? Testing an information search model of the importance individuals accord to an outgroup member's view of them during intergroup interaction
Four studies examined whether the intensity of individuals' concern with evaluation is affected by whether they are engaged in intragroup or intergroup interaction. According to the authors' theoretical framework, the importance that individuals attach to another person's opinion is a function of how predictive that person's evaluation seems to be of their social standing and outcomes. Members of lower status groups are more invested in outgroup …
When self-disclosure goes awry: Negative consequences of revealing personal failures for lower self-esteem individuals
Helpful Only in the Abstract?: Ironic Effects of Empathy in Intergroup Interaction
This study tested the hypothesis that empathizing with out-group members is beneficial outside of, but not within, intergroup-contact situations. We predicted that in the context of intergroup interaction, the potential for evaluation would lead individuals' perspective-taking efforts to take on an egocentric and counterproductive flavor. As predicted, when empathy was instantiated during an intergroup exchange, it failed to exert its usual posit…
Salient Intergroup Ideology and Intergroup Interaction
Two experiments examined how rendering different intergroup ideologies salient affects dominant- and minority-group members' behavior during, and experience of, intergroup interactions. We hypothesized that ideologies that encourage an outward focus on appreciating out-group members' distinctive qualities (multiculturalism) would have more positive implications than ideologies that encourage a self-control focus on ignoring social categories and …
In need of liberation or constraint? How intergroup attitudes moderate the behavioral implications of intergroup ideologies
When trying to understand detracts from trying to behave: Effects of perspective taking in intergroup interaction
Four studies demonstrate that perspective taking can backfire in intergroup interaction, leading lower prejudice individuals to treat an outgroup member less positively than they do when they adopt alternative mind-sets; for higher prejudice individuals, perspective taking instead had a positive, albeit less consistent, effect on behavior. The net result was behavior disruption, whereby individuals' treatment of an outgroup member became incongru…
Cascading Metaperceptions: Signal Amplification Bias as a Consequence of Reflected Self-esteem
People expect intimate partners to understand their personality, including feelings of self-worth. These general assumptions about transparency may influence situation-specific estimates of how others view the self (i.e., metaperceptions). In contexts that elicit evaluative concerns, lower self-esteem individuals, who think their chronic self-doubts are obvious to partners, should believe that their partners will infer they are anxious, whether t…
Contagious resource depletion and anxiety? Spreading effects of evaluative concern and impression formation in dyadic social interaction
In the worst rather than the best of times: Effects of salient intergroup ideology in threatening intergroup interactions
Three studies demonstrated that a salient multicultural ideology increases hostile treatment of threatening outgroup interaction partners. The effect of multiculturalism on hostile behavior was evident regardless of whether threat was operationalized in terms of disagreement with an outgroup partner on important social issues (Studies 1 and 3) or rejection by the partner (Study 2). Moreover, the results clearly point to the learning orientation f…
The pitfalls of empathy as a default intergroup interaction strategy: Distinct effects of trying to empathize with a lower status outgroup member who does versus does not express distress
The Other Side of the Story: Transparency Estimation in Social Interaction
A well-known proverb advises individuals against “judging a book by its cover” when they are evaluating other people. It is clear, however, that this wisdom is often not put into practice. Decades of research on the correspondence bias (Jones, 1979) reveal that individuals are quite ready to jump to conclusions about others on the basis of limited or superficial information. Perceivers tend to infer that behavior on the surface reflects the perso…
Potential negative effects of perspective-taking efforts in the context of close relationships: Increased bias and reduced satisfaction
Three experiments demonstrated that trying to appreciate a close other's unique point of view (imagine-other perspective taking) increases the extent to which individuals overestimate their own transparency to the close other, that is, how many of their values, preferences, traits, and feelings are readily apparent to him or her. Trying to be objective and pay careful attention to cues from a close other, which inhibits perspective taking, instea…
Psychology (35 works) · Social Psychology (33 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (30 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (21 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Developmental psychology (17 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (13 works) · Empathy (11 works) · Feeling (11 works) · Perception (10 works)