Norhan Elsaadawy
Biographic Data
| ID | 767185 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Norhan Elsaadawy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Norhan |
| FAMILY NAME | Elsaadawy |
| SIGNATURE | ELSAADAWY N |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2773-9601 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 11 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Managing loved ones’ emotions
People may often attempt to support a loved one by changing how that loved one interprets a stressful situation (i.e., other-focused cognitive reappraisal ). However, there are many specific ways in which a situation can be reframed, and while some reappraisal tactics may be effective, other tactics may be inert or possibly backfire-even when used with good intentions. We propose that it is useful to distinguish between decommitment tactics that …
Me in a nutshell”
Trait taxonomies such as the Big Five have been effective in studying population-level trends but may obscure important individual differences in the structure, stability, and personal relevance of individuals' dispositional tendencies. Inspired by Gordon Allport's notion that people may be defined by distinctive "organizing foci" of personality, the current work introduces the central trait approach, which focuses on identifying the most definin…
Who Did I Swipe On? Accuracy and Self-Presentation in Online Dating
Many people use online dating profiles to meet partners and screen potential dates. Unlike other online contexts, targets might be more motivated to misrepresent their personality, making accuracy difficult. How strongly are people motivated to misrepresent themselves, how transparent is personality, and which individual differences might explain these processes? Online daters (targets, N = 180) submitted their profiles, described their personali…
Evaluating the psychological and social nature of actual and perceived liking gaps
Our beliefs about how much we are liked tend to be less positive than liking judgments of others, a finding termed the "liking gap." Because much of the past work has studied liking gaps at the sample level, it has overlooked important nuances in how these gaps can be measured and experienced. We introduce a distinction between the actual liking gap (i.e., a between-person discrepancy between how much others actually like us and how much we think…
Do Narcissists Think They Make a Better Impression Than They Really Do? Re-Evaluating Enhancement as a Dominant Feature of Narcissism
Imagining a narcissist likely calls to mind someone who thinks that they are well-liked and admired—perhaps unrealistically so. But are narcissists’ beliefs about how others see them systematically too positive? Across four samples (total N = 1,537) that included different contexts (group vs. dyadic) and levels of acquaintanceship (new acquaintances vs. close friends), we used condition-based regression analysis to test whether narcissism is asso…
Who makes a more consistent first impression? Examining the structure and correlates of dissensus
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: How do targets shape consensus in impression formation? Targets are known to play an outsized role in the accuracy of first impressions, but their influence on consensus has been difficult to study. With the help of the recently developed extended Social Relations Model, we explore the structure and correlates of individual differences in consensus (i.e., dissensus). METHOD: Across 3 studies, 187 photographs of targets w…
Individual differences in dissimilation
OBJECTIVE: People differ in how positively they tend to see others' traits, but people might also differ in how strongly they apply their perceptual styles. In two studies (Ns = 355, 303), the current research explores individual differences in how variable people's first impressions are across targets (i.e., within-person variability), how and why these differences emerge, and who varies more in their judgments of others. METHOD: Participants de…
Are some people more accurate than others about the unique impressions they make on close others
Some meta-perceivers have more insight than others into the impressions they make, but what is this meta-accuracy about? Do good meta-perceivers have insight into the unique impressions they make (dyadic meta-accuracy), or do they simply understand their reputation (generalized meta-accuracy)? In two studies, we tested individual differences in dyadic and generalized meta-accuracy among close others, as well as potential mechanisms and correlates…
Who will like me? Individual differences in the sources of meta-liking judgments at zero-acquaintance
Examining individual differences in metaperceptive accuracy using the social meta-accuracy model
To what extent do individuals differ in understanding how others see them and who is particularly good at it? Answering these questions about the "good metaperceiver" is relevant given the beneficial outcomes of meta-accuracy. However, there likely is more than one type of the good metaperceiver: One who knows the specific impressions they make more than others do ( dyadic meta-accuracy ) and one who knows their reputation more than others do (ge…
Is Meta-Accuracy Consistent Across Levels of Acquaintanceship
Some people tend to be especially accurate about the personality impressions they make, but is meta-accuracy a consistent tendency that spans levels of acquaintanceship, or is it only observed within levels of acquaintanceship? Three studies suggested that meta-accuracy is consistent among close others but not across new acquaintances and close others. This pattern was observed for observable and unobservable traits and when accounting for people…
Do you make a better or worse impression than you think
Are people's metaperceptions, or their beliefs about how others perceive them, too positive, too negative, or spot on? Across six samples of new acquaintances (total N = 1,113) and/or well-known acquaintances (total N = 1,336), we indexed metabias (i.e., the mean-level difference between metaperceptions and impressions) on a broad range of attributes to test: (a) how biased people are on average, (b) whether bias is pervasive or limited to partic…
How do people think about the impressions they make on others? The attitudes and substance of metaperceptions
This research aims to further our understanding of the processes of metaperception formation and meta-accuracy by introducing the positivity-specificity model to metaperception, which can be used to disentangle two components of trait metaperceptions: metapositivity (attitudes) and trait-specificity (substance). In two North American samples (Sample 1, N = 547; Sample 2, N = 553), we used the positivity-specificity model to investigate five impor…
Accuracy in perceptions of a partner's sexual goals
Intimate partners engage in sex for a variety of reasons, and their perceptions of each other's sexual goals play an important role in intimate relationships. How accurate are these perceptions of a partner's sexual goals and is accuracy associated with relationship quality and sexual satisfaction for the couple? To answer these questions, we conducted a 21-day dyadic daily experience study of 121 couples, which we analyzed using two different ap…
Who influences meta-accuracy? It takes two to know the impressions we make
191). Metaperceivers tended to have the most robust influence on meta-accuracy, but perceivers and especially dyads influenced accuracy as well. This suggests there are "good" metaperceivers, perceivers, and dyads of meta-accuracy and that a more complete understanding of meta-accuracy must consider both members of an interaction. As a first step in understanding how both individuals influence accuracy, we tested the role of self-perception, spec…
How do people think about the impressions they make on others? The attitudes and substance of metaperceptions
This research aims to further our understanding of the processes of metaperception formation and meta-accuracy by introducing the positivity-specificity model to metaperception, which can be used to disentangle two components of trait metaperceptions: metapositivity (attitudes) and trait-specificity (substance). In two North American samples (Sample 1, N = 547; Sample 2, N = 553), we used the positivity-specificity model to investigate five impor…
Do you make a better or worse impression than you think
Are people's metaperceptions, or their beliefs about how others perceive them, too positive, too negative, or spot on? Across six samples of new acquaintances (total N = 1,113) and/or well-known acquaintances (total N = 1,336), we indexed metabias (i.e., the mean-level difference between metaperceptions and impressions) on a broad range of attributes to test: (a) how biased people are on average, (b) whether bias is pervasive or limited to partic…
Who will like me? Individual differences in the sources of meta-liking judgments at zero-acquaintance
Examining individual differences in metaperceptive accuracy using the social meta-accuracy model
To what extent do individuals differ in understanding how others see them and who is particularly good at it? Answering these questions about the "good metaperceiver" is relevant given the beneficial outcomes of meta-accuracy. However, there likely is more than one type of the good metaperceiver: One who knows the specific impressions they make more than others do ( dyadic meta-accuracy ) and one who knows their reputation more than others do (ge…
Accuracy in perceptions of a partner's sexual goals
Intimate partners engage in sex for a variety of reasons, and their perceptions of each other's sexual goals play an important role in intimate relationships. How accurate are these perceptions of a partner's sexual goals and is accuracy associated with relationship quality and sexual satisfaction for the couple? To answer these questions, we conducted a 21-day dyadic daily experience study of 121 couples, which we analyzed using two different ap…
Who influences meta-accuracy? It takes two to know the impressions we make
191). Metaperceivers tended to have the most robust influence on meta-accuracy, but perceivers and especially dyads influenced accuracy as well. This suggests there are "good" metaperceivers, perceivers, and dyads of meta-accuracy and that a more complete understanding of meta-accuracy must consider both members of an interaction. As a first step in understanding how both individuals influence accuracy, we tested the role of self-perception, spec…
Who influences meta-accuracy? It takes two to know the impressions we make
191). Metaperceivers tended to have the most robust influence on meta-accuracy, but perceivers and especially dyads influenced accuracy as well. This suggests there are "good" metaperceivers, perceivers, and dyads of meta-accuracy and that a more complete understanding of meta-accuracy must consider both members of an interaction. As a first step in understanding how both individuals influence accuracy, we tested the role of self-perception, spec…
Is Meta-Accuracy Consistent Across Levels of Acquaintanceship
Some people tend to be especially accurate about the personality impressions they make, but is meta-accuracy a consistent tendency that spans levels of acquaintanceship, or is it only observed within levels of acquaintanceship? Three studies suggested that meta-accuracy is consistent among close others but not across new acquaintances and close others. This pattern was observed for observable and unobservable traits and when accounting for people…
Do you make a better or worse impression than you think
Are people's metaperceptions, or their beliefs about how others perceive them, too positive, too negative, or spot on? Across six samples of new acquaintances (total N = 1,113) and/or well-known acquaintances (total N = 1,336), we indexed metabias (i.e., the mean-level difference between metaperceptions and impressions) on a broad range of attributes to test: (a) how biased people are on average, (b) whether bias is pervasive or limited to partic…
How do people think about the impressions they make on others? The attitudes and substance of metaperceptions
This research aims to further our understanding of the processes of metaperception formation and meta-accuracy by introducing the positivity-specificity model to metaperception, which can be used to disentangle two components of trait metaperceptions: metapositivity (attitudes) and trait-specificity (substance). In two North American samples (Sample 1, N = 547; Sample 2, N = 553), we used the positivity-specificity model to investigate five impor…
Accuracy in perceptions of a partner's sexual goals
Intimate partners engage in sex for a variety of reasons, and their perceptions of each other's sexual goals play an important role in intimate relationships. How accurate are these perceptions of a partner's sexual goals and is accuracy associated with relationship quality and sexual satisfaction for the couple? To answer these questions, we conducted a 21-day dyadic daily experience study of 121 couples, which we analyzed using two different ap…
Who will like me? Individual differences in the sources of meta-liking judgments at zero-acquaintance
Examining individual differences in metaperceptive accuracy using the social meta-accuracy model
To what extent do individuals differ in understanding how others see them and who is particularly good at it? Answering these questions about the "good metaperceiver" is relevant given the beneficial outcomes of meta-accuracy. However, there likely is more than one type of the good metaperceiver: One who knows the specific impressions they make more than others do ( dyadic meta-accuracy ) and one who knows their reputation more than others do (ge…
Do Narcissists Think They Make a Better Impression Than They Really Do? Re-Evaluating Enhancement as a Dominant Feature of Narcissism
Imagining a narcissist likely calls to mind someone who thinks that they are well-liked and admired—perhaps unrealistically so. But are narcissists’ beliefs about how others see them systematically too positive? Across four samples (total N = 1,537) that included different contexts (group vs. dyadic) and levels of acquaintanceship (new acquaintances vs. close friends), we used condition-based regression analysis to test whether narcissism is asso…
Who makes a more consistent first impression? Examining the structure and correlates of dissensus
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: How do targets shape consensus in impression formation? Targets are known to play an outsized role in the accuracy of first impressions, but their influence on consensus has been difficult to study. With the help of the recently developed extended Social Relations Model, we explore the structure and correlates of individual differences in consensus (i.e., dissensus). METHOD: Across 3 studies, 187 photographs of targets w…
Individual differences in dissimilation
OBJECTIVE: People differ in how positively they tend to see others' traits, but people might also differ in how strongly they apply their perceptual styles. In two studies (Ns = 355, 303), the current research explores individual differences in how variable people's first impressions are across targets (i.e., within-person variability), how and why these differences emerge, and who varies more in their judgments of others. METHOD: Participants de…
Are some people more accurate than others about the unique impressions they make on close others
Some meta-perceivers have more insight than others into the impressions they make, but what is this meta-accuracy about? Do good meta-perceivers have insight into the unique impressions they make (dyadic meta-accuracy), or do they simply understand their reputation (generalized meta-accuracy)? In two studies, we tested individual differences in dyadic and generalized meta-accuracy among close others, as well as potential mechanisms and correlates…
Who Did I Swipe On? Accuracy and Self-Presentation in Online Dating
Many people use online dating profiles to meet partners and screen potential dates. Unlike other online contexts, targets might be more motivated to misrepresent their personality, making accuracy difficult. How strongly are people motivated to misrepresent themselves, how transparent is personality, and which individual differences might explain these processes? Online daters (targets, N = 180) submitted their profiles, described their personali…
Evaluating the psychological and social nature of actual and perceived liking gaps
Our beliefs about how much we are liked tend to be less positive than liking judgments of others, a finding termed the "liking gap." Because much of the past work has studied liking gaps at the sample level, it has overlooked important nuances in how these gaps can be measured and experienced. We introduce a distinction between the actual liking gap (i.e., a between-person discrepancy between how much others actually like us and how much we think…
Managing loved ones’ emotions
People may often attempt to support a loved one by changing how that loved one interprets a stressful situation (i.e., other-focused cognitive reappraisal ). However, there are many specific ways in which a situation can be reframed, and while some reappraisal tactics may be effective, other tactics may be inert or possibly backfire-even when used with good intentions. We propose that it is useful to distinguish between decommitment tactics that …
Me in a nutshell”
Trait taxonomies such as the Big Five have been effective in studying population-level trends but may obscure important individual differences in the structure, stability, and personal relevance of individuals' dispositional tendencies. Inspired by Gordon Allport's notion that people may be defined by distinctive "organizing foci" of personality, the current work introduces the central trait approach, which focuses on identifying the most definin…
Perception (12 works) · Psychology (12 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Impression formation (10 works) · Social perception (10 works) · Personality Traits and Psychology (8 works) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (6 works) · Personality (6 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (6 works) · Social Psychology (5 works)