Janet Polivy
Biographic Data
| ID | 767617 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Janet Polivy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Janet |
| FAMILY NAME | Polivy |
| SIGNATURE | POLIVY J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3997-8586 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 81 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1293 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 81 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Evidence of a self-serving bias in people's attributions for their food intake
People often fail to acknowledge external influences on their food intake, but there might be some circumstances in which people are willing to report that those external factors influenced their behavior. This study examined whether participants who believed that they had overeaten would indicate that the portion size they were served influenced their food intake. Participants (119 women) ate a pasta lunch at two separate sessions, one week apar…
Influence of social-normative information on the modeling of food-related decisions
Distinguishing dieting from restrained eating: A rejoinder to Lowe (2021)
What is restrained eating and how do we identify it
Food-based social comparisons influence liking and consumption
Modeling of food intake among restrained and unrestrained eaters
It's all in the timing: The effect of a healthy food cue on food choices from a pictorial menu
Are there different types of dieters? A review of personality and dietary restraint
Hunger, taste, and normative cues in predictions about food intake
The persistence of and resistance to social norms regarding the appropriate amount to Eat: A preliminary investigation
The role of expectations in the effect of food cue exposure on intake
She got more than me”. Social comparison and the social context of eating
Brides and young couples: Partners’ weight, weight change, and perceptions of attractiveness
Mate selection seems to be based to some extent on appearance and physique. Assortative mating suggests that romantic partners select each other based on their similarity in important characteristics. Two studies examined the similarity in physiques of members of romantic couples. Study 1 found that the physical measurements of brides-to-be were positively correlated with those of their fiancés, although the brides were lighter and shorter than t…
Eating behavior, restraint status, and BMI of individuals high and low in perceived self-regulatory success
The effect of portion size on food intake is robust to brief education and mindfulness exercises
We examined whether a brief education and a brief mindfulness exercise would reduce the effect of portion size on food intake. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three information conditions (education, mindfulness, or control) and then received a small or large portion of pasta for lunch. Neither education nor mindfulness was effective in reducing the effect of portion size: Overall, participants served a large portion consumed 34…
The four undergraduate years. Changes in weight, eating attitudes, and depression
Parental Divorce and First-Year Students' Transition to University: The Need to Include Baseline Data and Gender
This research examines parental divorce and first-year students' transition to university. Incoming students (N = 2,724) to six diverse universities completed questionnaires in August, before university, and again in November and March. Initial baseline measures indicated that females of divorced parents reported more depressive symptoms than females of intact families, whereas males of divorced parents reported lower levels of perceived stress t…
Self‐Regulation and the Obesity Epidemic
The obesity epidemic has provoked considerable concern along with suggestions and demands for corrective measures. After surveying the basic features of the epidemic, we turn our attention to self‐regulation, which is at the heart of most of the proposed solutions to the epidemic. Information, incentives, and most other tactics to get people to eat less and exercise more all rely on self‐regulatory processes. More attention should be paid to the …
A Longitudinal Study of Breadth and Intensity of Activity Involvement and the Transition to University: Study of Breadth and Intensity of Activity Involvement
We examined prospective relations between activity involvement and successful transitioning to university. A sample of 656 students from 6 Canadian universities completed questionnaires before beginning university and at the end of their first year. Breadth (number of different activity domains) and intensity (mean frequency) of activity involvement as well as changes in breadth and intensity, were examined jointly. Consistent with developmental …
Upward and Downward: Social Comparison Processing of Thin Idealized Media Images
The present study aimed to investigate the role of social comparison processing in women's responses to thin idealized images. In particular, it was predicted that comparison with the images on the basis of appearance would lead to more negative outcomes than comparison on the basis of intelligence. A sample of 114 women viewed fashion magazine advertisements featuring thin and attractive models under one of three instructional set conditions: co…
Inaccessible food cues affect stress and weight gain in calorically-restricted and ad lib fed rats
Getting a bigger slice of the pie. Effects on eating and emotion in restrained and unrestrained eaters
Internal and external moderators of the effect of variety on food intake
Many factors contribute to how much we eat. One such factor is the variety of different foods available. The current article reviews the variety literature with a specific focus on the factors that moderate the effects of variety on food intake and that moderate the processes that may underlie the variety effect (i.e., sensory-specific satiety and monotony). The moderators have been categorized as being of either an internal nature or an external…
The Student Perception of University Support and Structure Scale: Development and validation
A new scale, the Student Perception of University Support and Structure Scale (SPUSS), was developed for research on the transition to university. The scale was based on concepts derived from Baumrind's (1971) theory of parenting styles. Data were obtained from two separate cohorts of freshmen (n=759 and 397) attending six Canadian universities of varying sizes. The scale demonstrated excellent psychometric properties with Cronbach alphas of 0.87…
Perceived healthiness of food. If it's healthy, you can eat more
Dieting and binging: A causal analysis
Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem
This article examines the measurement of short-lived (i.e., state) changes in self-esteem. A new scale is introduced that is sensitive to manipulations designed to temporarily alter self-esteem, and 5 studies are presented that support the scale's validity. The State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) consists of 20 items modified from the widely used Janis-Field Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (Janis & Field, 1959). Psychometric analyses revealed that the SS…
The Effect of Pre-exposure to Food Cues on the Eating Behavior of Restrained and Unrestrained Eaters
Effects of the Presence of Others on Food Intake: A Normative Interpretation
The authors review the effect of the presence of others on food intake. In social facilitation studies, people tend to eat more in groups than when alone. In modeling studies, the presence of others may facilitate or inhibit intake, depending on how much these other people eat. Studies of impression management demonstrate that people tend to eat less in the presence of others than when alone. The authors attempt to reconcile these divergent liter…
The specificity of restrained versus unrestrained eaters' responses to food cues: General desire to eat, or craving for the cued food
Consumption stereotypes and impression management: How you are what you eat
The Importance of Friends: Friendship and Adjustment Among 1st-Year University Students
In a study of new friendships and adjustment among 1st-year university students, students at six Canadian universities completed questionnaires that assessed the quality of new friendships and adjustment during their first academic year. In-depth, face-to-face interviews about students' new friendships were conducted with a subsample of these students. Results indicated a significant positive relation between quality of new friendships and adjust…
Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior
Self-presentational conflict in social eating situations: A normative perspective
Perceived healthiness of food. If it's healthy, you can eat more
Social Facilitation of Eating Among Friends and Strangers
Short-term intake of overweight individuals and normal weight dieters and non-dieters with and without choice among a variety of foods
Is the effect of a social model on eating attenuated by hunger
Two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of social influence pressures on eating in individuals differing in initial hunger; we assumed that conformity to a model would decline as hunger increased. In the first experiment, subjects' eating conformed closely to the model's eating, with subjects eating very little when the model ate very little, even after 24 h of food deprivation. In a second experiment, the conformity effect again domi…
Upward and Downward: Social Comparison Processing of Thin Idealized Media Images
The present study aimed to investigate the role of social comparison processing in women's responses to thin idealized images. In particular, it was predicted that comparison with the images on the basis of appearance would lead to more negative outcomes than comparison on the basis of intelligence. A sample of 114 women viewed fashion magazine advertisements featuring thin and attractive models under one of three instructional set conditions: co…
The effects of self-attention and public attention on eating in restrained and unrestrained subjects
Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of self-attention and public attention to food intake on eating by dieters and nondieters. Female dieters ate the greatest number of candies ad lib after consuming a forced two-milk shake preload; the addition of either self-attention or implied public attention, through the manipulated availability of a waste basket for the disposing of candy wrappers, inhibited eating substantially. For nondi…
What is restrained eating and how do we identify it
The effect of portion size on food intake is robust to brief education and mindfulness exercises
We examined whether a brief education and a brief mindfulness exercise would reduce the effect of portion size on food intake. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three information conditions (education, mindfulness, or control) and then received a small or large portion of pasta for lunch. Neither education nor mindfulness was effective in reducing the effect of portion size: Overall, participants served a large portion consumed 34…
Matching effects on eating: Do individual differences make a difference
Dyads composed of unacquainted females watched a video while snacking on pizza. Their extraversion and self-monitoring scores were used to predict the extent to which individuals within dyads matched each other's food intake. Matching of intake was high irrespective of the personality composition of the dyad. We consider elements of the situation that enhanced matching and whether personality might moderate matching effects
Food perception in dieters and non-dieters
Wake up and smell the cookies. Effects of olfactory food-cue exposure in restrained and unrestrained eaters
The illusion of counter-regulation
Salivation in Dieters and Don-dieters
Help, Not Harm: Psychological Foundation for a Nondieting Approach Toward Health
This article reviews the literature on the psychological consequences of dieting. In particular, the authors examine the impact of dieting on mood, self‐esteem, cognition, and eating behavior. The famous Keys study of starvation is discussed in relations to impaired concentration, food preoccupation, negative affect, and binge eating behavior. Overall, the literature indicates that dieting has a negative impact on psychological well‐being. As a r…
Effects of distress on eating: The importance of ego-involvement
Schotte (1992) argued that ego threat is not a necessary precondition for the disinhibition of eating in dieters. This article agrees that there are indeed other triggers for disinhibition, as has long been widely acknowledged, but also argues that when distress does act as a trigger for disinhibition, it does so by threatening the dieter's self-image
A Longitudinal Study of Breadth and Intensity of Activity Involvement and the Transition to University: Study of Breadth and Intensity of Activity Involvement
We examined prospective relations between activity involvement and successful transitioning to university. A sample of 656 students from 6 Canadian universities completed questionnaires before beginning university and at the end of their first year. Breadth (number of different activity domains) and intensity (mean frequency) of activity involvement as well as changes in breadth and intensity, were examined jointly. Consistent with developmental …
Anxiety, restraint, and eating behavior.
It was hypothesized that individual differences in eating behavior based on the distinction between obese and normal subjects could be demonstrated within a population of normal subjects classified as to the extent of restraint chronically exercised with respect to eating. Restrained subjects resembled the obese behaviorally, and unrestrained subjects resembled normals. This demonstration was effected in the context of a test .of the psychosomati…
Effects of an observer on eating behavior: The induction of “sensible” eating 1
A bstract An experiment was conducted to investigate the extent of caloric compensation to differential preloading among normally restrained and unrestrained female subjects. Subjects' eating was either explicitly observed or unobserved by the experimenter. Unrestrained eaters compensated appropriately for the preload, whether or not they were observed. Restrained eaters failed to compensate when unobserved, but compensated strongly when observed…
Effects of a model on eating behavior: The induction of a restrained eating style 1
A bstract An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of a same‐sex model on females' eating behavior. The model ate either a large or small quantity along with the subject in an ad lib satiation context, and either did or did not identify herself as a dieter. Subjects were 86 female undergraduates, split into normally dieting or nondieting subgroups. Number of sandwich quarters consumed ad lib following a small fixed preload was found to v…
Short-term intake of overweight individuals and normal weight dieters and non-dieters with and without choice among a variety of foods
Salivation in Dieters and Don-dieters
On the induction of emotion in the laboratory: Discrete moods or multiple affect states
To study the effects of various emotions on behavior, psychologists have traditionally used one of a variety of mood-induction techniques. A manipulation check measuring the mood in question is used to determine the success of the mood induction. Evidence indicates, however, that attempting to induce one particular emotion may actually result in arousal of several affects. A series of laboratory studies and one naturalistic observation are report…
Weight Change and Dietary Concern in the Overweight: Are they Really independent
Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia
The development and validation of a new measure, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) is described. The EDI is a 64 item, self-report, multiscale measure designed for the assessment of psychological and behavioral traits common in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia. The EDI consists of eight sub-scales measuring: 1) Drive for Thinness, 2) Bulimia, 3) Body Dissatisfaction, 4) Ineffectiveness, 5) Perfectionism, 6) Interpersonal Distrust, 7) Interocep…
Obesity, externality, and susceptibility to social influence: An integrated analysis
A pilot study indicated that overweight subjects are more likely to order a particular dessert in a restaurant when the waitress provides an appetizing description of that dessert and encourages the diner to order it; subjects who were not overweight were much less affected by the waitress's behavior. This effect may be interpreted in terms of the greater "externality' of overweight persons (i.e., their greater reactivity to salient food cues); a…
A conical model for the taxonomy of emotional experience
Comparison Between Weight-Preoccupied Women and Anorexia Nervosa
Psychological traits of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) were compared to those of weight-preoccupied (WP) and not-weight-preoccupied ( NWP ) women drawn from samples of college and ballet students. Weight-preoccupied subjects were selected on the basis of extreme scores on the Drive for Thinness subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory ( EDI ). Results indicated that the WP and AN groups were best differentiated by Ineffectiveness, Interpers…
Dieting and binging: A causal analysis
Dieting and binging reexamined: A response to Lowe
Dieting and binging reexamined: A response to Lowe
The effects of self-attention and public attention on eating in restrained and unrestrained subjects
Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of self-attention and public attention to food intake on eating by dieters and nondieters. Female dieters ate the greatest number of candies ad lib after consuming a forced two-milk shake preload; the addition of either self-attention or implied public attention, through the manipulated availability of a waste basket for the disposing of candy wrappers, inhibited eating substantially. For nondi…
Diagnosis and treatment of normal eating.
The shift in societal preference toward a thin physique has led to an increasing prevalence of dieting such that "normal" eating for North American women is now characterized by dieting.In this article, we explore similarities between such normal dieters and individuals with an eating disorder and question whether a continuity exists between normal and abnormal eating behavior.The regulation of intake among normal dieter and patient populations i…
Food perception in dieters and non-dieters
The illusion of counter-regulation
The (mis)measurement of restraint: An analysis of conceptual and psychometric issues.
Self-report, cognitions and eating behavior
From dietary restraint to binge eating: Attaching causes to effects
Is the effect of a social model on eating attenuated by hunger
Two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of social influence pressures on eating in individuals differing in initial hunger; we assumed that conformity to a model would decline as hunger increased. In the first experiment, subjects' eating conformed closely to the model's eating, with subjects eating very little when the model ate very little, even after 24 h of food deprivation. In a second experiment, the conformity effect again domi…
Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior
Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem
This article examines the measurement of short-lived (i.e., state) changes in self-esteem. A new scale is introduced that is sensitive to manipulations designed to temporarily alter self-esteem, and 5 studies are presented that support the scale's validity. The State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) consists of 20 items modified from the widely used Janis-Field Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (Janis & Field, 1959). Psychometric analyses revealed that the SS…
Effects of distress on eating: The importance of ego-involvement
Schotte (1992) argued that ego threat is not a necessary precondition for the disinhibition of eating in dieters. This article agrees that there are indeed other triggers for disinhibition, as has long been widely acknowledged, but also argues that when distress does act as a trigger for disinhibition, it does so by threatening the dieter's self-image
Psychology (79 works) · Eating Disorders and Behaviors (49 works) · Social Psychology (47 works) · Medicine (46 works) · Developmental psychology (45 works) · Obesity (32 works) · Clinical Psychology (23 works) · Food intake (23 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (22 works) · Dieting (17 works)