Robert D Hoppa
Biographic Data
| ID | 77086 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert D Hoppa |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert D |
| FAMILY NAME | Hoppa |
| SIGNATURE | HOPPA R D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Manitoba |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2438-7775 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 197 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Advancing sex estimation from amelogenin: Applications to archaeological, deciduous, and fragmentary dental enamel
A significant limitation of bioarchaeological and forensic research is inaccuracy of sex estimation techniques for skeletal remains of pre-pubertal individuals. This means that while age estimation is relatively accurate for individuals during growth and development, the inability to estimate sex widens the error ranges of age estimates and has limited the questions that can be asked about cultural and biological sex differences in past populatio…
Bone Strength in Medieval Denmark: Robusticity Analyses from a Rural and Urban Sample
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to understand the transition in lower limb loading and terrestrial mobility during the urbanization revolution in medieval Denmark. This was accomplished by comparing the cross-sectional geometric properties of the femora from two populations, the rural cemetery of Tirup and the urban Black Friars cemetery.Materials and Methods: Using two skeletal samples, the rural cemetery of Tirup, Jutland (1150-135…
Is Adulthood Required? Examining the Accuracy of Pelvic Sex Estimation Throughout Pubertal Growth
Reliable morphological sex estimation in non-adult skeletons continues to be problematic in juvenile osteology. Methodological exploration has focused on infants and children (0–12 years of age), but less attention has been given to adolescents (12–19 years of age). A critical challenge to non-adult sex estimation is that the full expression of sexual dimorphism in areas of the skeleton that have garnered the most attention due to their use in ad…
Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children: Implications for the study of past populations
OBJECTIVES: Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non-survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly s…
The ice age with little effect? Exploring stress in the Danish Black Friars cemetery before and after the turn of the 14th century
The subtleties of stress: A comparative analysis of skeletal lesions between the Medieval and post-Medieval Black Friars cemetery population (13th to 17th centuries)
The study of stress from an osteological perspective is challenging as we use skeletal remains to explore the lived experience and patterns of health. As an intricate overlap of multiple biological processes, the stress response system guides our understanding of how and why stress manifests as it does. Using traditional osteological methods of stress analysis, specifically cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and enamel hypoplastic lesions, t…
Stressing out in medieval Denmark: An investigation of dental enamel defects and age at death in two medieval Danish cemeteries
The influence of early life stress on later life experiences has become a major focus of research in medicine and more recently in bioarchaeology. Dental enamel, which preserves a record of childhood stress events, represents an important resource for this investigation when paired with the information from adult skeletal remains, such as age at death. The purpose of this research was to use a life history approach to the exploration of sex diffe…
The biochemical signatures of stress: A preliminary analysis of osteocalcin concentrations and macroscopic skeletal changes associated with stress in the 13th ‐ 17th centuries black friars population
OBJECTIVE: As a chemical precursor to the hard tissue changes well-studied in bioarchaeological research, osteocalcin provides a unique opportunity to assess stress via fluctuations in bone metabolism. The main objectives of this research were 1) to successfully extract osteocalcin from the Black Friars skeletal population; 2) to assess the diagenetic change between individual bone samples; and 3) to compare osteocalcin concentrations across sex,…
A re‐evaluation of the impact of radiographic orientation on the identification and interpretation of H arris lines
The identification of Harris lines through radiographic analysis has been well‐established since their discovery in the late nineteenth century. Most commonly associated with stress, the study of Harris lines has been fraught with inconsistent identification standards, high levels of intra‐ and interobserver error, and the inevitability of skeletal remodelling. Despite these methodological challenges, the use of Harris lines remains an important …
Geographic analysis of diabetes prevalence in an urban area
Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples
Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples
Paleodemography is the field of enquiry that attempts to identify demographic parameters from past populations (usually skeletal samples) derived from archaeological contexts, and then to make interpretations regarding the health and well-being of those populations. However, paleodemographic theory relies on several assumptions that cannot easily be validated by the researcher, and if incorrect, can lead to large errors or biases. In this book, p…
Semiparametric method for estimating paleodemographic profiles from age indicator data
This paper addresses the problem of estimating an age-at-death distribution or paleodemographic profile from osteological data. It is demonstrated that the classical two-stage procedure whereby one first constructs estimates of age-at-death of individual skeletons and then uses these age estimates to obtain a paleodemographic profile is not a correct approach. This is a consequence of Bayes' theorem. Instead, we demonstrate a valid approach that …
The digital atlas of the human skeleton
Semiparametric method for estimating paleodemographic profiles from age indicator data
This paper addresses the problem of estimating an age-at-death distribution or paleodemographic profile from osteological data. It is demonstrated that the classical two-stage procedure whereby one first constructs estimates of age-at-death of individual skeletons and then uses these age estimates to obtain a paleodemographic profile is not a correct approach. This is a consequence of Bayes' theorem. Instead, we demonstrate a valid approach that …
Population variation in osteological aging criteria: An example from the pubic symphysis
A fundamental assumption made by skeletal biologists is that both the pattern and rate of age-related morphological changes observed in modern reference populations are not significantly different than in past populations. In this brief exploration, the composition of a single reference and two independent, known-age, target samples are evaluated for the pubic symphysis. Differences in the timing of age-progressive changes between the reference a…
Secular changes in the growth of Toronto children during the last century
A comparison of measurements of height is made from the late 19th century to early and mid-20th century in Toronto School children. Changes in total attained stature for age is compared for girls and boys to assess secular trends in height of urban children from Southern Ontario. The data clearly show a positive trend toward increased attained height for age from the earliest to most recent data. Comparison of the Toronto growth profiles to other…
The MAD legacy: How meaningful is mean age-at-death in skeletal samples
Estimating diaphyseal length from fragmentary subadult skeletal remains: Implications for palaeodemographic reconstructions of a southern Ontario ossuary
Fragmentary skeletal remains are a significant problem for osteologists attempting to reconstruct individuals or populations. This problem is further aggravated by sites yielding commingled remains, such as are recovered from the large protohistoric and historic ossuaries from southern Ontario, for which individual methods of age estimation and sex determination cannot be used concurrently. While some attention has been given to the estimation of…
The δ/method for examining bone growth in juveniles: A reply
Accuracy tests of tooth formation age estimations for human skeletal remains
Estimations of age from tooth formation standards for a large (n = 282) sample of subadult skeletal remains from a 19th century historic cemetery sample were analyzed. The standards of Moorrees et al. (1963a, b) for the permanent and deciduous teeth, and Anderson et al. (1976) for the formation of permanent dentition were employed in a variety of combinations to calculate mean dental ages. Tests of accuracy and bias were made on a small sample (n…
Growth deficit in survivors and non-survivors: Biological mortality bias in subadult skeletal samples
Linear growth of the long bones has and continues to be used by osteologists as a non-specific indicator of health. Studies of past populations use cross-sectional mortality samples to construct human skeletal growth profiles as a means of inferring the overall health of the population from which the skeletal series was drawn. Although all studies recognize that the growth profiles derived from skeletal samples may not be representative of the “t…
Diaphyseal growth in a nineteenth century skeletal sample of subadults from St Thomas' church, Belleville, Ontario
This study presents skeletal growth data for a nineteenth century church cemetery sample from Belleville, Ontario. Skeletal growth profiles (SGPs), plotting measurements of growth against age estimated by tooth formation, were constructed for the sample. Means and confidence intervals for 1-year cohorts up to 12 years of age are presented for each of the long bones, the ilium and scapula. Comparison of the SGPs created for this sample with modern…
Evaluating human skeletal growth: An Anglo-Saxon example
Cross-sectional growth data were obtained from the skeletal remains of non-adults from the Raunds Anglo-Saxon site. Standard measurements of the diaphyseal lengths of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs and the maximum breadth of the ilium were recorded in order to construct skeletal growth profiles (SGP). In addition regression equations were used to estimate diaphyseal length from proximal and distal shaft widths, and epiphyseal breadth…
Growth deficit in survivors and non-survivors: Biological mortality bias in subadult skeletal samples
Linear growth of the long bones has and continues to be used by osteologists as a non-specific indicator of health. Studies of past populations use cross-sectional mortality samples to construct human skeletal growth profiles as a means of inferring the overall health of the population from which the skeletal series was drawn. Although all studies recognize that the growth profiles derived from skeletal samples may not be representative of the “t…
Diaphyseal growth in a nineteenth century skeletal sample of subadults from St Thomas' church, Belleville, Ontario
This study presents skeletal growth data for a nineteenth century church cemetery sample from Belleville, Ontario. Skeletal growth profiles (SGPs), plotting measurements of growth against age estimated by tooth formation, were constructed for the sample. Means and confidence intervals for 1-year cohorts up to 12 years of age are presented for each of the long bones, the ilium and scapula. Comparison of the SGPs created for this sample with modern…
Evaluating human skeletal growth: An Anglo-Saxon example
Cross-sectional growth data were obtained from the skeletal remains of non-adults from the Raunds Anglo-Saxon site. Standard measurements of the diaphyseal lengths of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs and the maximum breadth of the ilium were recorded in order to construct skeletal growth profiles (SGP). In addition regression equations were used to estimate diaphyseal length from proximal and distal shaft widths, and epiphyseal breadth…
Accuracy tests of tooth formation age estimations for human skeletal remains
Estimations of age from tooth formation standards for a large (n = 282) sample of subadult skeletal remains from a 19th century historic cemetery sample were analyzed. The standards of Moorrees et al. (1963a, b) for the permanent and deciduous teeth, and Anderson et al. (1976) for the formation of permanent dentition were employed in a variety of combinations to calculate mean dental ages. Tests of accuracy and bias were made on a small sample (n…
Geographic analysis of diabetes prevalence in an urban area
Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children: Implications for the study of past populations
OBJECTIVES: Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non-survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly s…
The biochemical signatures of stress: A preliminary analysis of osteocalcin concentrations and macroscopic skeletal changes associated with stress in the 13th ‐ 17th centuries black friars population
OBJECTIVE: As a chemical precursor to the hard tissue changes well-studied in bioarchaeological research, osteocalcin provides a unique opportunity to assess stress via fluctuations in bone metabolism. The main objectives of this research were 1) to successfully extract osteocalcin from the Black Friars skeletal population; 2) to assess the diagenetic change between individual bone samples; and 3) to compare osteocalcin concentrations across sex,…
A re‐evaluation of the impact of radiographic orientation on the identification and interpretation of H arris lines
The identification of Harris lines through radiographic analysis has been well‐established since their discovery in the late nineteenth century. Most commonly associated with stress, the study of Harris lines has been fraught with inconsistent identification standards, high levels of intra‐ and interobserver error, and the inevitability of skeletal remodelling. Despite these methodological challenges, the use of Harris lines remains an important …
The subtleties of stress: A comparative analysis of skeletal lesions between the Medieval and post-Medieval Black Friars cemetery population (13th to 17th centuries)
The study of stress from an osteological perspective is challenging as we use skeletal remains to explore the lived experience and patterns of health. As an intricate overlap of multiple biological processes, the stress response system guides our understanding of how and why stress manifests as it does. Using traditional osteological methods of stress analysis, specifically cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and enamel hypoplastic lesions, t…
Advancing sex estimation from amelogenin: Applications to archaeological, deciduous, and fragmentary dental enamel
A significant limitation of bioarchaeological and forensic research is inaccuracy of sex estimation techniques for skeletal remains of pre-pubertal individuals. This means that while age estimation is relatively accurate for individuals during growth and development, the inability to estimate sex widens the error ranges of age estimates and has limited the questions that can be asked about cultural and biological sex differences in past populatio…
The MAD legacy: How meaningful is mean age-at-death in skeletal samples
Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples
Paleodemography is the field of enquiry that attempts to identify demographic parameters from past populations (usually skeletal samples) derived from archaeological contexts, and then to make interpretations regarding the health and well-being of those populations. However, paleodemographic theory relies on several assumptions that cannot easily be validated by the researcher, and if incorrect, can lead to large errors or biases. In this book, p…
The δ/method for examining bone growth in juveniles: A reply
Evaluating human skeletal growth: An Anglo-Saxon example
Cross-sectional growth data were obtained from the skeletal remains of non-adults from the Raunds Anglo-Saxon site. Standard measurements of the diaphyseal lengths of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs and the maximum breadth of the ilium were recorded in order to construct skeletal growth profiles (SGP). In addition regression equations were used to estimate diaphyseal length from proximal and distal shaft widths, and epiphyseal breadth…
Accuracy tests of tooth formation age estimations for human skeletal remains
Estimations of age from tooth formation standards for a large (n = 282) sample of subadult skeletal remains from a 19th century historic cemetery sample were analyzed. The standards of Moorrees et al. (1963a, b) for the permanent and deciduous teeth, and Anderson et al. (1976) for the formation of permanent dentition were employed in a variety of combinations to calculate mean dental ages. Tests of accuracy and bias were made on a small sample (n…
Growth deficit in survivors and non-survivors: Biological mortality bias in subadult skeletal samples
Linear growth of the long bones has and continues to be used by osteologists as a non-specific indicator of health. Studies of past populations use cross-sectional mortality samples to construct human skeletal growth profiles as a means of inferring the overall health of the population from which the skeletal series was drawn. Although all studies recognize that the growth profiles derived from skeletal samples may not be representative of the “t…
Diaphyseal growth in a nineteenth century skeletal sample of subadults from St Thomas' church, Belleville, Ontario
This study presents skeletal growth data for a nineteenth century church cemetery sample from Belleville, Ontario. Skeletal growth profiles (SGPs), plotting measurements of growth against age estimated by tooth formation, were constructed for the sample. Means and confidence intervals for 1-year cohorts up to 12 years of age are presented for each of the long bones, the ilium and scapula. Comparison of the SGPs created for this sample with modern…
The δ/method for examining bone growth in juveniles: A reply
Estimating diaphyseal length from fragmentary subadult skeletal remains: Implications for palaeodemographic reconstructions of a southern Ontario ossuary
Fragmentary skeletal remains are a significant problem for osteologists attempting to reconstruct individuals or populations. This problem is further aggravated by sites yielding commingled remains, such as are recovered from the large protohistoric and historic ossuaries from southern Ontario, for which individual methods of age estimation and sex determination cannot be used concurrently. While some attention has been given to the estimation of…
Secular changes in the growth of Toronto children during the last century
A comparison of measurements of height is made from the late 19th century to early and mid-20th century in Toronto School children. Changes in total attained stature for age is compared for girls and boys to assess secular trends in height of urban children from Southern Ontario. The data clearly show a positive trend toward increased attained height for age from the earliest to most recent data. Comparison of the Toronto growth profiles to other…
The MAD legacy: How meaningful is mean age-at-death in skeletal samples
Population variation in osteological aging criteria: An example from the pubic symphysis
A fundamental assumption made by skeletal biologists is that both the pattern and rate of age-related morphological changes observed in modern reference populations are not significantly different than in past populations. In this brief exploration, the composition of a single reference and two independent, known-age, target samples are evaluated for the pubic symphysis. Differences in the timing of age-progressive changes between the reference a…
Semiparametric method for estimating paleodemographic profiles from age indicator data
This paper addresses the problem of estimating an age-at-death distribution or paleodemographic profile from osteological data. It is demonstrated that the classical two-stage procedure whereby one first constructs estimates of age-at-death of individual skeletons and then uses these age estimates to obtain a paleodemographic profile is not a correct approach. This is a consequence of Bayes' theorem. Instead, we demonstrate a valid approach that …
Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples
Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples
Paleodemography is the field of enquiry that attempts to identify demographic parameters from past populations (usually skeletal samples) derived from archaeological contexts, and then to make interpretations regarding the health and well-being of those populations. However, paleodemographic theory relies on several assumptions that cannot easily be validated by the researcher, and if incorrect, can lead to large errors or biases. In this book, p…
Semiparametric method for estimating paleodemographic profiles from age indicator data
This paper addresses the problem of estimating an age-at-death distribution or paleodemographic profile from osteological data. It is demonstrated that the classical two-stage procedure whereby one first constructs estimates of age-at-death of individual skeletons and then uses these age estimates to obtain a paleodemographic profile is not a correct approach. This is a consequence of Bayes' theorem. Instead, we demonstrate a valid approach that …
The digital atlas of the human skeleton
Geographic analysis of diabetes prevalence in an urban area
A re‐evaluation of the impact of radiographic orientation on the identification and interpretation of H arris lines
The identification of Harris lines through radiographic analysis has been well‐established since their discovery in the late nineteenth century. Most commonly associated with stress, the study of Harris lines has been fraught with inconsistent identification standards, high levels of intra‐ and interobserver error, and the inevitability of skeletal remodelling. Despite these methodological challenges, the use of Harris lines remains an important …
The biochemical signatures of stress: A preliminary analysis of osteocalcin concentrations and macroscopic skeletal changes associated with stress in the 13th ‐ 17th centuries black friars population
OBJECTIVE: As a chemical precursor to the hard tissue changes well-studied in bioarchaeological research, osteocalcin provides a unique opportunity to assess stress via fluctuations in bone metabolism. The main objectives of this research were 1) to successfully extract osteocalcin from the Black Friars skeletal population; 2) to assess the diagenetic change between individual bone samples; and 3) to compare osteocalcin concentrations across sex,…
Stressing out in medieval Denmark: An investigation of dental enamel defects and age at death in two medieval Danish cemeteries
The influence of early life stress on later life experiences has become a major focus of research in medicine and more recently in bioarchaeology. Dental enamel, which preserves a record of childhood stress events, represents an important resource for this investigation when paired with the information from adult skeletal remains, such as age at death. The purpose of this research was to use a life history approach to the exploration of sex diffe…
The subtleties of stress: A comparative analysis of skeletal lesions between the Medieval and post-Medieval Black Friars cemetery population (13th to 17th centuries)
The study of stress from an osteological perspective is challenging as we use skeletal remains to explore the lived experience and patterns of health. As an intricate overlap of multiple biological processes, the stress response system guides our understanding of how and why stress manifests as it does. Using traditional osteological methods of stress analysis, specifically cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and enamel hypoplastic lesions, t…
The ice age with little effect? Exploring stress in the Danish Black Friars cemetery before and after the turn of the 14th century
Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children: Implications for the study of past populations
OBJECTIVES: Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non-survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly s…
Bone Strength in Medieval Denmark: Robusticity Analyses from a Rural and Urban Sample
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to understand the transition in lower limb loading and terrestrial mobility during the urbanization revolution in medieval Denmark. This was accomplished by comparing the cross-sectional geometric properties of the femora from two populations, the rural cemetery of Tirup and the urban Black Friars cemetery.Materials and Methods: Using two skeletal samples, the rural cemetery of Tirup, Jutland (1150-135…
Is Adulthood Required? Examining the Accuracy of Pelvic Sex Estimation Throughout Pubertal Growth
Reliable morphological sex estimation in non-adult skeletons continues to be problematic in juvenile osteology. Methodological exploration has focused on infants and children (0–12 years of age), but less attention has been given to adolescents (12–19 years of age). A critical challenge to non-adult sex estimation is that the full expression of sexual dimorphism in areas of the skeleton that have garnered the most attention due to their use in ad…
Advancing sex estimation from amelogenin: Applications to archaeological, deciduous, and fragmentary dental enamel
A significant limitation of bioarchaeological and forensic research is inaccuracy of sex estimation techniques for skeletal remains of pre-pubertal individuals. This means that while age estimation is relatively accurate for individuals during growth and development, the inability to estimate sex widens the error ranges of age estimates and has limited the questions that can be asked about cultural and biological sex differences in past populatio…
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (21 works) · Geography (15 works) · Medicine (15 works) · Demography (14 works) · Population (13 works) · Archaeology (11 works) · Mathematics (11 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (8 works) · Biology (8 works)