Lucy R Betts
Biographic Data
| ID | 770987 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lucy R Betts |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lucy R |
| FAMILY NAME | Betts |
| SIGNATURE | BETTS L R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Nottingham Trent University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6147-8089 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 28 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Comparative optimism for judgements about online identity theft
Individuals believe that negative events are less likely to happen to them than others – termed optimistic bias. The research aimed to explore developmental differences in comparative optimism for online identity theft (Study 1) and the impact of previous experiences of identity theft and representativeness of comparator groups for such judgements (Study 2). Study 1 included 101 late adolescents, 226 emerging adults, and 147 adults. Study 2 inclu…
Peruvian elementary teachers evaluation of bullying behaviors: Perceptions of severity, empathy, and intent to intervene
“It’s all part of the culture”: Undergraduate students’ experiences of banter in university sports clubs and societies
Recent research has focused on students’ experience of banter in the general university setting. However, these experiences may differ when specifically focusing on university students’ interactions in sports clubs and societies. The present study explored undergraduate students’ understanding and experiences of banter in sports clubs and societies through five focus groups (n = 24; 18–23 years, 5 male, 19 female) at one UK university using semi-…
The role of digital cues in online banter: A systematic review of adolescents’ and emerging adults’ views, uses and interpretations
The potential ambiguity and aggression related to banter-type humorous interactions may lead to misinterpretations and escalations such as perceived bullying, especially in the online context. A way to minimise such risks during online banter is the use of digital visual cues such as emojis, emoticons, GIFs, personal photos, videos, etc. This review summarised and synthesised the literature to understand how adolescents and emerging adults percei…
Social and romantic experiences of banter: Perspectives of gay men
Banter, a form of social communication, is used to facilitate social bonding in friendships and romantic relationships. However, associations between homosocial banter and “lad culture” and potential links to sexual violence and lower wellbeing have highlighted a problematic side to such interactions, especially among males during emerging adulthood. Despite male banter often involving homophobic comments and homosocial behaviour, banter experien…
Exploring the effects of personal and situational factors on cyber aggression
Antisocial behaviour by social media users has escalated, which in turn has created various socio-psychological implications for users and society at large. However, there is a paucity of empirical research on the concept of cyber aggression inclination (CAI) and its personal and situational antecedents in the context of social media. This study explores and measures the CAI of general social media users and examines the personal and situational …
Bystander responses to cyberbullying: The role of perceived severity, publicity, anonymity, type of cyberbullying, and victim response
Cyberbullying often occurs in group-based situations; therefore, how young people respond when they witness cyberbullying is important in the process of combating the issue. This study examined how young people perceive the severity of cyberbullying incidents and how they respond as a bystander according to different factors associated with cyberbullying (i.e., publicity, anonymity, type, and victim response). The final sample was 990 (545 female…
Asymmetrical third-person effects on the perceptions of online risk and harm among adolescents and adults
Although research has identified a range of opportunities, risks, and harms related to online social networking, the public debate on online risks follows a set pattern by which members of older age groups (parents, regulators) hold a picture of members of younger age groups (teenagers, digital natives) at a uniformly high level of risk. Perceptions of online risk, however, are prone to third-person effects in which individuals perceive risks to …
The more public it is, the more severe it is’: Teachers’ perceptions on the roles of publicity and severity in cyberbullying
Those in the teaching profession are facing additional challenges when responding to cyberbullying due to the unique features of publicity and severity. Such features are known to negatively impact on young people’s cyberbullying experiences. Teachers’ views on publicity and severity of cyberbullying are currently unknown. The current research draws on data from 10 focus groups with 63 teachers (10 males) who taught across primary, secondary, and…
“I feel like everyone does it”- adolescents' perceptions and awareness of the association between humour, banter, and cyberbullying
Subjective versus objective knowledge of online safety/dangers as predictors of children’s perceived online safety and attitudes towards e-safety education in the United Kingdom
Children are spending increasing amounts of time online prompting practitioners and parents to raise concerns about their online safety. However, the impact of children’s subjective versus objective knowledge on their perceived online safety and attitudes towards e-safety education remain unclear. Questionnaires were used to assess children’s (N = 329, aged 8–11 years) perceived online safety, subjective and objective knowledge of online safety/d…
Examining adults' participant roles in cyberbullying
Adults' participant roles in cyberbullying remain unclear. Two hundred and sixty-four (163 female and 87 male) 18- to 74-year-olds from 31 countries completed measures to assess their experiences of, and engagement in, 5 cyberbullying types for up to 9 media. Cluster analysis identified two distinct groups: rarely victim and bully (85%) and frequently victim and occasional bully. Sex and age predicted group membership: Females and older participa…
Adolescents’ experiences of street harassment: Creating a typology and assessing the emotional impact
Purpose Research examining young people’s experiences of harassment has tended to focus on the school and digital environment. Despite street harassment being identified as a common experience for adult women, very few studies have explored adolescents’ experiences of street harassment. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A person-centred analytical approach, based on experienced reporting, was used to create a typol…
“People think it’s a harmless joke”: Young people’s understanding of the impact of technology, digital vulnerability and cyberbullying in the United Kingdom
Young people’s technology use has increased exponentially over the last few years. To gain a deeper understanding of young peoples’ experiences of digital technology and cyberbullying, four focus groups were conducted with 29 11- to 15-year-olds recruited from two schools. Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed three themes: impact of technology, vulnerability and cyberbullying. Technology was seen as a facilitator and a mechanism for …
Adolescents’ Involvement in Cyber Bullying and Perceptions of School: The Importance of Perceived Peer Acceptance for Female Adolescents
Young people are spending increasing amounts of time using digital technology and, as such, are at great risk of being involved in cyber bullying as a victim, bully, or bully/victim. Despite cyber bullying typically occurring outside the school environment, the impact of being involved in cyber bullying is likely to spill over to school. Fully 285 11- to 15-year-olds (125 male and 160 female, M age = 12.19 years, SD = 1.03) completed measures of …
Examining the roles young people fulfill in five types of cyber bullying
The roles that young people fulfill in face-to-face bullying have been well documented and there is some evidence that young people take on similar roles in cyber bullying. A person-centered analytical approach was adopted to identify the roles that young people fulfill across five different types of cyber bullying assessed for up to nine media. Four hundred and forty (281 females and 154 males) 16- to 19-year-olds completed measures to assess th…
Motivators of online vulnerability: The impact of social network site use and Fomo
Older adults’ experiences and perceptions of digital technology: (Dis)empowerment, wellbeing, and inclusion
Reciprocal Peer Dislike and Psychosocial Adjustment in Childhood
Reciprocal peer dislike was examined as a predictor of school adjustment and social relationship quality. One hundred and fifty‐one [69 male and 74 female, mean ( M ) age = 9.53, standard deviation ( SD ) age = .63 years] children completed measures of school liking, loneliness, and friendship quality twice over three months. From ratings of the amount of time participants liked to spend with individual classmates, social network analyses were us…
Parental rearing style as a predictor of attachment and psychosocial adjustment during young adulthood
Parental rearing styles are crucial for psychosocial adjustment both during childhood and adulthood. The current study examined whether (a) parental rearing styles predicted psychosocial adjustment in young adulthood, (b) this relationship was mediated by attachment styles, and (c) gender differences occur in these relationships. A total of 240 (103 male, 132 female, and 5 unknown) university students completed measures assessing parental rearing…
The effects of changes in the order of verbal labels and numerical values on children's scores on attitude and rating scales
Research with adults has shown that variations in verbal labels and numerical scale values on rating scales can affect the responses given. However, few studies have been conducted with children. The study aimed to examine potential differences in children's responses to Likert‐type rating scales according to their anchor points and scale direction and to see whether or not such differences were stable over time. A total of 130 British children, …
Four layouts and a finding: The effects of changes in the order of the verbal labels and numerical values on Likert‐type scales
There are numerous ways of displaying Likert‐type scales but only a few investigators have investigated these differences systematically. In this study we report the results that we found when we compared four different layouts: scales that went numerically from ‘0’ to ‘10’, or from ‘10’ to ‘0’, and scales that went verbally from ‘clear’ to ‘unclear’, or ‘unclear’ to ‘clear’. Over 450 participants rated each of seven aspects of a structured abstr…
A Social Relations Analysis of Children's Trust in Their Peers across the Early Years of School
Two hundred and five (103 female and 102 male) children enrolled in school years 1 and 2 in the UK (mean age 6 years 1 month at Time 1) were tested twice over a 1‐year period. The children reported the promise keeping and secret keeping behaviours of classmates (all peers and same‐gender peers) and provided friendship nominations (Time 2 only). Round robin social relations analyses for all peers and same‐gender peers revealed: (1) perceiver varia…
The Early Childhood Generalized Trust Belief Scale
The relations among young children's peer-reported trustworthiness, inhibitory control, and preschool adjustment
Examining the roles young people fulfill in five types of cyber bullying
The roles that young people fulfill in face-to-face bullying have been well documented and there is some evidence that young people take on similar roles in cyber bullying. A person-centered analytical approach was adopted to identify the roles that young people fulfill across five different types of cyber bullying assessed for up to nine media. Four hundred and forty (281 females and 154 males) 16- to 19-year-olds completed measures to assess th…
The Early Childhood Generalized Trust Belief Scale
The relations among young children's peer-reported trustworthiness, inhibitory control, and preschool adjustment
Parental rearing style as a predictor of attachment and psychosocial adjustment during young adulthood
Parental rearing styles are crucial for psychosocial adjustment both during childhood and adulthood. The current study examined whether (a) parental rearing styles predicted psychosocial adjustment in young adulthood, (b) this relationship was mediated by attachment styles, and (c) gender differences occur in these relationships. A total of 240 (103 male, 132 female, and 5 unknown) university students completed measures assessing parental rearing…
Four layouts and a finding: The effects of changes in the order of the verbal labels and numerical values on Likert‐type scales
There are numerous ways of displaying Likert‐type scales but only a few investigators have investigated these differences systematically. In this study we report the results that we found when we compared four different layouts: scales that went numerically from ‘0’ to ‘10’, or from ‘10’ to ‘0’, and scales that went verbally from ‘clear’ to ‘unclear’, or ‘unclear’ to ‘clear’. Over 450 participants rated each of seven aspects of a structured abstr…
A Social Relations Analysis of Children's Trust in Their Peers across the Early Years of School
Two hundred and five (103 female and 102 male) children enrolled in school years 1 and 2 in the UK (mean age 6 years 1 month at Time 1) were tested twice over a 1‐year period. The children reported the promise keeping and secret keeping behaviours of classmates (all peers and same‐gender peers) and provided friendship nominations (Time 2 only). Round robin social relations analyses for all peers and same‐gender peers revealed: (1) perceiver varia…
Examining adults' participant roles in cyberbullying
Adults' participant roles in cyberbullying remain unclear. Two hundred and sixty-four (163 female and 87 male) 18- to 74-year-olds from 31 countries completed measures to assess their experiences of, and engagement in, 5 cyberbullying types for up to 9 media. Cluster analysis identified two distinct groups: rarely victim and bully (85%) and frequently victim and occasional bully. Sex and age predicted group membership: Females and older participa…
Adolescents’ Involvement in Cyber Bullying and Perceptions of School: The Importance of Perceived Peer Acceptance for Female Adolescents
Young people are spending increasing amounts of time using digital technology and, as such, are at great risk of being involved in cyber bullying as a victim, bully, or bully/victim. Despite cyber bullying typically occurring outside the school environment, the impact of being involved in cyber bullying is likely to spill over to school. Fully 285 11- to 15-year-olds (125 male and 160 female, M age = 12.19 years, SD = 1.03) completed measures of …
Adolescents’ experiences of street harassment: Creating a typology and assessing the emotional impact
Purpose Research examining young people’s experiences of harassment has tended to focus on the school and digital environment. Despite street harassment being identified as a common experience for adult women, very few studies have explored adolescents’ experiences of street harassment. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A person-centred analytical approach, based on experienced reporting, was used to create a typol…
What price presentation? The effects of typographic variables on essay grades
The marks awarded to 130 second‐year undergraduate word‐processed essays were assessed in relation to their use of different typographic features. By and large most of these features had little effect on the essay grades. However, essays printed in 12‐point type gained significantly higher marks (mean = 56.8) than essays printed in 10‐point type (mean = 52.7), and essays using a combination of popular features (Times Roman, 12‐point, double‐space…
The relations among young children's peer-reported trustworthiness, inhibitory control, and preschool adjustment
A Social Relations Analysis of Children's Trust in Their Peers across the Early Years of School
Two hundred and five (103 female and 102 male) children enrolled in school years 1 and 2 in the UK (mean age 6 years 1 month at Time 1) were tested twice over a 1‐year period. The children reported the promise keeping and secret keeping behaviours of classmates (all peers and same‐gender peers) and provided friendship nominations (Time 2 only). Round robin social relations analyses for all peers and same‐gender peers revealed: (1) perceiver varia…
The Early Childhood Generalized Trust Belief Scale
Four layouts and a finding: The effects of changes in the order of the verbal labels and numerical values on Likert‐type scales
There are numerous ways of displaying Likert‐type scales but only a few investigators have investigated these differences systematically. In this study we report the results that we found when we compared four different layouts: scales that went numerically from ‘0’ to ‘10’, or from ‘10’ to ‘0’, and scales that went verbally from ‘clear’ to ‘unclear’, or ‘unclear’ to ‘clear’. Over 450 participants rated each of seven aspects of a structured abstr…
The effects of changes in the order of verbal labels and numerical values on children's scores on attitude and rating scales
Research with adults has shown that variations in verbal labels and numerical scale values on rating scales can affect the responses given. However, few studies have been conducted with children. The study aimed to examine potential differences in children's responses to Likert‐type rating scales according to their anchor points and scale direction and to see whether or not such differences were stable over time. A total of 130 British children, …
Reciprocal Peer Dislike and Psychosocial Adjustment in Childhood
Reciprocal peer dislike was examined as a predictor of school adjustment and social relationship quality. One hundred and fifty‐one [69 male and 74 female, mean ( M ) age = 9.53, standard deviation ( SD ) age = .63 years] children completed measures of school liking, loneliness, and friendship quality twice over three months. From ratings of the amount of time participants liked to spend with individual classmates, social network analyses were us…
Parental rearing style as a predictor of attachment and psychosocial adjustment during young adulthood
Parental rearing styles are crucial for psychosocial adjustment both during childhood and adulthood. The current study examined whether (a) parental rearing styles predicted psychosocial adjustment in young adulthood, (b) this relationship was mediated by attachment styles, and (c) gender differences occur in these relationships. A total of 240 (103 male, 132 female, and 5 unknown) university students completed measures assessing parental rearing…
Older adults’ experiences and perceptions of digital technology: (Dis)empowerment, wellbeing, and inclusion
Motivators of online vulnerability: The impact of social network site use and Fomo
“People think it’s a harmless joke”: Young people’s understanding of the impact of technology, digital vulnerability and cyberbullying in the United Kingdom
Young people’s technology use has increased exponentially over the last few years. To gain a deeper understanding of young peoples’ experiences of digital technology and cyberbullying, four focus groups were conducted with 29 11- to 15-year-olds recruited from two schools. Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed three themes: impact of technology, vulnerability and cyberbullying. Technology was seen as a facilitator and a mechanism for …
Adolescents’ Involvement in Cyber Bullying and Perceptions of School: The Importance of Perceived Peer Acceptance for Female Adolescents
Young people are spending increasing amounts of time using digital technology and, as such, are at great risk of being involved in cyber bullying as a victim, bully, or bully/victim. Despite cyber bullying typically occurring outside the school environment, the impact of being involved in cyber bullying is likely to spill over to school. Fully 285 11- to 15-year-olds (125 male and 160 female, M age = 12.19 years, SD = 1.03) completed measures of …
Examining the roles young people fulfill in five types of cyber bullying
The roles that young people fulfill in face-to-face bullying have been well documented and there is some evidence that young people take on similar roles in cyber bullying. A person-centered analytical approach was adopted to identify the roles that young people fulfill across five different types of cyber bullying assessed for up to nine media. Four hundred and forty (281 females and 154 males) 16- to 19-year-olds completed measures to assess th…
Adolescents’ experiences of street harassment: Creating a typology and assessing the emotional impact
Purpose Research examining young people’s experiences of harassment has tended to focus on the school and digital environment. Despite street harassment being identified as a common experience for adult women, very few studies have explored adolescents’ experiences of street harassment. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A person-centred analytical approach, based on experienced reporting, was used to create a typol…
Examining adults' participant roles in cyberbullying
Adults' participant roles in cyberbullying remain unclear. Two hundred and sixty-four (163 female and 87 male) 18- to 74-year-olds from 31 countries completed measures to assess their experiences of, and engagement in, 5 cyberbullying types for up to 9 media. Cluster analysis identified two distinct groups: rarely victim and bully (85%) and frequently victim and occasional bully. Sex and age predicted group membership: Females and older participa…
“I feel like everyone does it”- adolescents' perceptions and awareness of the association between humour, banter, and cyberbullying
Subjective versus objective knowledge of online safety/dangers as predictors of children’s perceived online safety and attitudes towards e-safety education in the United Kingdom
Children are spending increasing amounts of time online prompting practitioners and parents to raise concerns about their online safety. However, the impact of children’s subjective versus objective knowledge on their perceived online safety and attitudes towards e-safety education remain unclear. Questionnaires were used to assess children’s (N = 329, aged 8–11 years) perceived online safety, subjective and objective knowledge of online safety/d…
Asymmetrical third-person effects on the perceptions of online risk and harm among adolescents and adults
Although research has identified a range of opportunities, risks, and harms related to online social networking, the public debate on online risks follows a set pattern by which members of older age groups (parents, regulators) hold a picture of members of younger age groups (teenagers, digital natives) at a uniformly high level of risk. Perceptions of online risk, however, are prone to third-person effects in which individuals perceive risks to …
The more public it is, the more severe it is’: Teachers’ perceptions on the roles of publicity and severity in cyberbullying
Those in the teaching profession are facing additional challenges when responding to cyberbullying due to the unique features of publicity and severity. Such features are known to negatively impact on young people’s cyberbullying experiences. Teachers’ views on publicity and severity of cyberbullying are currently unknown. The current research draws on data from 10 focus groups with 63 teachers (10 males) who taught across primary, secondary, and…
Bystander responses to cyberbullying: The role of perceived severity, publicity, anonymity, type of cyberbullying, and victim response
Cyberbullying often occurs in group-based situations; therefore, how young people respond when they witness cyberbullying is important in the process of combating the issue. This study examined how young people perceive the severity of cyberbullying incidents and how they respond as a bystander according to different factors associated with cyberbullying (i.e., publicity, anonymity, type, and victim response). The final sample was 990 (545 female…
“It’s all part of the culture”: Undergraduate students’ experiences of banter in university sports clubs and societies
Recent research has focused on students’ experience of banter in the general university setting. However, these experiences may differ when specifically focusing on university students’ interactions in sports clubs and societies. The present study explored undergraduate students’ understanding and experiences of banter in sports clubs and societies through five focus groups (n = 24; 18–23 years, 5 male, 19 female) at one UK university using semi-…
The role of digital cues in online banter: A systematic review of adolescents’ and emerging adults’ views, uses and interpretations
The potential ambiguity and aggression related to banter-type humorous interactions may lead to misinterpretations and escalations such as perceived bullying, especially in the online context. A way to minimise such risks during online banter is the use of digital visual cues such as emojis, emoticons, GIFs, personal photos, videos, etc. This review summarised and synthesised the literature to understand how adolescents and emerging adults percei…
Social and romantic experiences of banter: Perspectives of gay men
Banter, a form of social communication, is used to facilitate social bonding in friendships and romantic relationships. However, associations between homosocial banter and “lad culture” and potential links to sexual violence and lower wellbeing have highlighted a problematic side to such interactions, especially among males during emerging adulthood. Despite male banter often involving homophobic comments and homosocial behaviour, banter experien…
Exploring the effects of personal and situational factors on cyber aggression
Antisocial behaviour by social media users has escalated, which in turn has created various socio-psychological implications for users and society at large. However, there is a paucity of empirical research on the concept of cyber aggression inclination (CAI) and its personal and situational antecedents in the context of social media. This study explores and measures the CAI of general social media users and examines the personal and situational …
Comparative optimism for judgements about online identity theft
Individuals believe that negative events are less likely to happen to them than others – termed optimistic bias. The research aimed to explore developmental differences in comparative optimism for online identity theft (Study 1) and the impact of previous experiences of identity theft and representativeness of comparator groups for such judgements (Study 2). Study 1 included 101 late adolescents, 226 emerging adults, and 147 adults. Study 2 inclu…
Psychology (24 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (13 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Child Development and Digital Technology (9 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Impact of Technology on Adolescents (7 works) · Perception (7 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (6 works)