Kristi E Gamarel
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 771218 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Kristi E Gamarel |
| NOMBRES | Kristi E |
| APELLIDO | Gamarel |
| FIRMA | GAMAREL K E |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9405-7515 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 75 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 169 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 75 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2006 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Structural threat as a theoretical driver of trans health inequities
SeCuRE Pilot Trial
Transgender women of color in the United States experience inequities across the HIV prevention and care continua shaped by intersectional oppression and economic marginalization. We evaluated the “Strengthening Community Responses to Economic Vulnerability” (SeCuRE) intervention, an HIV status-neutral, multicomponent program comprising financial assistance, peer-facilitated group sessions focused on economic empowerment, gender affirmation, comm…
Funding and Defunding of NIH Research Should Be Based on Real Science and Not Politics or Amorphous Constructs
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Couples-Based HIV Intervention for Transgender Women and Their Partners
A scoping review of empirical research on firearms and firearm violence among sexual and gender minority populations in the United States
BACKGROUND: Firearms-related health sciences research has documented disparities in fatal and nonfatal firearm injury impacting populations in the United States defined by race and ethnicity, age, gender, and geography. Recent reports from research and advocacy organizations have highlighted a need for this research to include sexual and gender minority (ie, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ+]) populations to guide public heal…
Gender Affirmation Research Is Not Gender Ideology Extremism, It Is Science
Triggered
Firearm violence is a leading cause of injury and death among youth and young adults in the U.S. with notable inequities across race and ethnicity, geography, and gender. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) young adults are largely absent from firearms research. Guided by structural violence and Social Safety theory, we qualitatively explored structural and social influences on firearm violence exposure among LGBTQ+ young adul…
Racial/ethnic differences in the association between transgender-related U.S. state policies and self-rated health of transgender women
The policies included in this analysis do not mitigate racism's effects on access to resources, indicating they may be less impactful for transgender women of color than White transgender women. Future research and policy advocacy efforts promoting transgender women's health must center racial equity as well as transgender people of color's priorities
A Cautionary Tale
Sexual Agreement Discussions Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Men in the USA
Toward the conceptualization and measurement of transphobia-driven intimate partner violence
Technology for transgender healthcare
While much of the transgender health literature has focused on poor health outcomes, less research has examined how trans people find reliable information on, and actually go about accessing, gender-affirming healthcare. Through qualitative interviews with creators of trans technologies, that is, technologies designed to address problems that trans people face, we found that digital technologies have become important tools for proliferating acces…
Televised Anti-Tobacco Media and Smoking Outcomes Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Adults in the United States
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of smoking is higher among sexual minority (SM) individuals compared with heterosexuals. The impact of televised anti-tobacco mass media campaigns on smoking outcomes among SMs is not known. AIMS: We examined whether televised anti-tobacco advertising was differentially associated with current smoking and smoking intensity for SM and heterosexual adults. METHOD: We combined county-level anti-tobacco advertising data (gr…
Associations Among Enacted Stigma, Perceived Chances for Success, Life Satisfaction, and Substance Use Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth
Background: Sexual minority youth report high rates of substance use compared to heterosexual youth. Stigma can diminish perceptions of future success and life satisfaction and contribute to elevated substance use. This study examined whether experiences of enacted stigma (i.e., discrimination) and substance use among sexual minority and heterosexual youth were indirectly associated through perceived chances for success and life satisfaction. Met…
ReACH2Gether
Socio-ecological Barriers to Viral Suppression Among Transgender Women Living with HIV in San Francisco and Los Angeles, California
A Relationship-Focused HIV Prevention Intervention for Young Sexual Minority Men in the United States
Structural vulnerability as a conceptual framework for transgender health research
The concept of structural vulnerability explains how systems of oppression drive health inequities by reducing access to survival resources (e.g. food, housing) for marginalised populations. Indicators of structural vulnerability such as housing instability, violent victimisation and poverty are often interconnected and result from intersectional oppression. We sought to demonstrate the utility of the structural vulnerability framework for transg…
Structural Needs, Substance Use, and Mental Health Among Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults in the San Francisco Bay Area
A mixed‐methods study of relationship stigma and well‐being among sexual and gender minority couples
Research has documented associations between relationship stigma, relationship quality and adverse health outcomes among sexual and gender minority couples. However, this work focused primarily on one aspect of an individual's or a couple's identity rather than understanding the intersections of multiple, stigmatized social identities. As part of a larger project focused on testing the efficacy of a couples‐based intervention to improve HIV medic…
Masculine identity development and health behaviors in transmasculine individuals
Masculinity is a driving factor in health behaviors of cisgender men; however, there is little research about conceptualizations of masculinity and their impact on health behaviors among transmasculine populations. This study sought to construct a theoretical framework for masculine identity development in transmasculine individuals in the United States, and the impact this process has on their health behaviors, specifically alcohol and tobacco u…
Psychometric Evaluation and Predictive Validity of an Adapted Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale for PrEP
US Black–White Differences in Mortality Risk Among Transgender and Cisgender People in Private Insurance, 2011–2019
Objectives. To compare survival by gender and race among transgender and cisgender people enrolled in private insurance in the United States between 2011 and 2019. Methods. We examined Optum’s Clinformatics Data Mart Database. We identified transgender enrollees using claims related to gender-affirming care. Our analytic sample included those we identified as transgender and a 10% random sample of cisgender enrollees. We limited our sample to tho…
Differences in All-Cause Mortality Among Transgender and Non-Transgender People Enrolled in Private Insurance
Few studies have analyzed mortality rates among transgender (trans) populations in the United States and compared them to the rates of non-trans populations. Using private insurance data from 2011 to 2019, we estimated age-specific all-cause mortality rates among a subset of trans people enrolled in private insurance and compared them to a 10% randomly selected non-trans cohort. Overall, we found that trans people were nearly twice as likely to d…
Perceptions of Relationship Quality Before and During Covid-19 Pandemic Among Young Sexual Minority Men in Romantic Relationships
Discriminatory experiences associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among transgender adults
Discrimination has been shown to disproportionately burden transgender people; however, there has been a lack of clinical attention to the mental health sequelae of discrimination, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Additionally, few studies contextualize discrimination alongside other traumatic stressors in predicting PTSD symptomatology. The current study sought to fill these gaps. A community-based sample of 412 transgend…
The role of gender affirmation in psychological well-being among transgender women
High prevalence of psychological distress, including greater depression, lower self-esteem, and suicidal ideation, has been documented across numerous samples of transgender women and has been attributed to high rates of discrimination and violence. According to the gender affirmation framework (Sevelius, 2013), access to sources of gender-affirmative support can offset such negative psychological effects of social oppression. However, critical q…
Sexual Minority Health Disparities in Adult Men and Women in the United States
Objectives. We used nationally representative data to investigate health disparities associated with sexual minority status among adults in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from 11 114 adults who participated in the 2001 to 2010 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multiple logistic regressions, we examined the prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, mental health problems, cigarette smoking…
Association Between Socioeconomic Position Discrimination and Psychological Distress
In this sample, SEP emerged as the most important domain of discrimination in its association with mental health distress. Future research should consider intersecting domains of discrimination to better understand social disparities in mental health
Commitment, interpersonal stigma, and mental health in romantic relationships between transgender women and cisgender male partners
The goals of this study were to (a) examine associations between interpersonal stigma and psychological distress among a sample of transgender women and their cisgender male partners and (b) identify whether commitment moderates the association between interpersonal stigma and psychological distress. To address these aims, 191 couples consisting of transgender women and their cisgender male partners completed a one-time survey. Actor-partner inte…
Dyadic effects of gender minority stressors in substance use behaviors among transgender women and their non-transgender male partners
Gender minority stressors are critical to understanding substance use among transgender women and their male partners. Integrating socioeconomic status into gender minority stress frameworks is essential. Results have implications for substance use prevention and treatment, including the need to incorporate gender minority stressors into interventions
Identity Safety and Relational Health in Youth Spaces
This article focuses on the function of youth organizations for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities of color. LGBTQ young people (N = 29) participated in a series of focus groups, completed a brief demographic survey, and created individual community maps. The youth organization was described as providing LGBTQ youth with a home and sense of “we,” which provided support for developing a sense of authenticity, mutual…
Relationship Characteristics and HIV Transmission Risk in Same-Sex Male Couples in HIV Serodiscordant Relationships
Differences in All-Cause Mortality Among Transgender and Non-Transgender People Enrolled in Private Insurance
Few studies have analyzed mortality rates among transgender (trans) populations in the United States and compared them to the rates of non-trans populations. Using private insurance data from 2011 to 2019, we estimated age-specific all-cause mortality rates among a subset of trans people enrolled in private insurance and compared them to a 10% randomly selected non-trans cohort. Overall, we found that trans people were nearly twice as likely to d…
A mixed‐methods study of relationship stigma and well‐being among sexual and gender minority couples
Research has documented associations between relationship stigma, relationship quality and adverse health outcomes among sexual and gender minority couples. However, this work focused primarily on one aspect of an individual's or a couple's identity rather than understanding the intersections of multiple, stigmatized social identities. As part of a larger project focused on testing the efficacy of a couples‐based intervention to improve HIV medic…
Preferences for Condomless Sex in Sexually Explicit Media Among Black/African American Men Who Have Sex with Men
A New Measure of the Perceived Influence of Sexually Explicit Online Media on the Sexual Behaviors of Men Who Have Sex With Men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) frequently consume sexually explicit online media (SEOM), yet little is known about its influence on their sexual behaviors. We describe a sequence of four studies to develop and psychometrically validate a measure of the perceived influence of sexually explicit online media (PI-SEOM) on the sexual behaviors of MSM. Study 1 involved qualitative interviews (N = 28) and a quantitative survey (N = 100) to develop a pr…
US Black–White Differences in Mortality Risk Among Transgender and Cisgender People in Private Insurance, 2011–2019
Objectives. To compare survival by gender and race among transgender and cisgender people enrolled in private insurance in the United States between 2011 and 2019. Methods. We examined Optum’s Clinformatics Data Mart Database. We identified transgender enrollees using claims related to gender-affirming care. Our analytic sample included those we identified as transgender and a 10% random sample of cisgender enrollees. We limited our sample to tho…
Sexual and behavioral health disparities among African American sexual minority men and women
Introduction: Sexual and behavioral health disparities have been consistently demonstrated between African American and White adults and between sexual minority and heterosexual communities in the United States; however, few studies using nationally representative samples have examined disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual adults within African American populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of sexual …
Toward the conceptualization and measurement of transphobia-driven intimate partner violence
Technology for transgender healthcare
While much of the transgender health literature has focused on poor health outcomes, less research has examined how trans people find reliable information on, and actually go about accessing, gender-affirming healthcare. Through qualitative interviews with creators of trans technologies, that is, technologies designed to address problems that trans people face, we found that digital technologies have become important tools for proliferating acces…
Perceptions of Relationship Quality Before and During Covid-19 Pandemic Among Young Sexual Minority Men in Romantic Relationships
A qualitative analysis of male couples' coping with HIV
Research suggests that optimal couple functioning depends on adopting a "we" orientation to health. Using qualitative data from 20 male couples in which at least one partner was HIV-positive, we examined how couples viewed their health involvement and its relation to social support. One group described their health as highly interconnected; in a second group, at least one partner viewed health as a personal responsibility. Results revealed that t…
Responses to the gender minority stress and resilience scales among transgender and nonbinary youth
Stress arising from the experience of stigma and discrimination around gender identity is known to negatively influence health outcomes for transgender individuals. The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience (GMSR) scale is a validated tool for measuring experiences of minority stress and resilience among transgender individuals. This paper seeks to examine whether there are differences in how youth respond to the GMSR scale. Using data from a sam…
Combustible cigarette smoking and alternative tobacco use in a sample of youth transitioning from foster care
Timing and Sequence of Events
Despite the implications for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and sexual health, little is known about the timing and chronological order of when same-sex male couples disclose their HIV serostatus, establish a sexual agreement, and first engage in condomless anal sex (CAS) in their relationships. Dyadic data from 357 dyads were used to describe when these respective events occurred; whether members of a couple concurred about when t…
Changing HIV treatment expectancies
Beliefs about HIV treatment efficacy, adherence self-efficacy, and side effects management are related cross-sectionally to adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the role of such expectancies held prior to the initiation of ART is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore feasibility, satisfaction, and preliminary effects of an intervention to address HIV treatment expectancies. ART naïve participants (N = 26) who were conte…
Non-monogamy and sexual relationship quality among same-sex male couples.
Relationship arrangements about sex with outside partners are common among gay couples, and meaningful distinctions in psychological and behavioral health correlates have been found among nonmonogamous agreement types. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between sexual agreements and partners' sexual relationship quality. Data were collected from both members of 161 gay male couples (n = 322 individuals). Couples were categ…
Identity-Related Growth and Loss in a Sample of HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual Men
Association Between Socioeconomic Position Discrimination and Psychological Distress
In this sample, SEP emerged as the most important domain of discrimination in its association with mental health distress. Future research should consider intersecting domains of discrimination to better understand social disparities in mental health
From Efficacy to Effectiveness
This study examined potential facilitators and barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and their association with PrEP acceptability and motivations for adherence among 184 MSM and transgender women living in New York City. Participants were presented with educational information about PrEP and completed a computerized survey. Overall, 55.4% of participants reported willingness to take PrEP. The most highly endorsed barriers to PrEP use w…
The Impact of Anticipated HIV Stigma on Delays in HIV Testing Behaviors
Treatment as prevention (TaSP) is a critical component of biomedical interventions to prevent HIV transmission. However, its success is predicated on testing and identifying undiagnosed individuals to ensure linkage and retention in HIV care. Research has examined the impact of HIV-associated stigma on HIV-positive individuals, but little work has explored how anticipated HIV stigma-the expectation of rejection or discrimination against by others…
Personal or Relational? Examining Sexual Health in the Context of HIV Serodiscordant Same-Sex Male Couples
Gender minority stress, mental health, and relationship quality
Research has demonstrated associations between experiences of discrimination, relationship quality, and mental health. However, critical questions remain unanswered with regard to how stigma enacted and experienced at the dyadic-level influences relationship quality and mental health for transgender women and their cisgender (nontransgender) male partners. The present study sought to examine how experiences of transgender-related discrimination (…
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Live-Chat Social Media Intervention to Reduce HIV Risk Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Dyadic effects of gender minority stressors in substance use behaviors among transgender women and their non-transgender male partners
Gender minority stressors are critical to understanding substance use among transgender women and their male partners. Integrating socioeconomic status into gender minority stress frameworks is essential. Results have implications for substance use prevention and treatment, including the need to incorporate gender minority stressors into interventions
Identity Safety and Relational Health in Youth Spaces
This article focuses on the function of youth organizations for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities of color. LGBTQ young people (N = 29) participated in a series of focus groups, completed a brief demographic survey, and created individual community maps. The youth organization was described as providing LGBTQ youth with a home and sense of “we,” which provided support for developing a sense of authenticity, mutual…
A compensatory model of risk and resilience applied to adolescent sexual orientation disparities in nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts
This study investigated and applied a compensatory model of risk and resilience to differences in past-year nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts by sexual orientation using representative data from the 2007 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 3,131). Self-identified lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) adolescents comprised 7% of the sample, but accounted for 67% of NSSI and 80% of suicide attempts. Compared wit…
Relationship Characteristics and HIV Transmission Risk in Same-Sex Male Couples in HIV Serodiscordant Relationships
Intimacy Motivations and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Adoption Intentions Among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Romantic Relationships
BACKGROUND: In the USA, men who have sex with men (MSM) in primary partnerships are at elevated risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a new biomedical prevention strategy, has potential to reduce HIV transmission. This study examined predictors of PrEP adoption intentions among HIV-negative MSM in primary partnerships. METHODS: The sample included HIV-negative MSM (n = 164) who participated in an …
Smoking, internalized heterosexism, and HIV disease management among male couples
High rates of cigarette smoking have been observed among HIV-positive individuals. Smoking has been linked to HIV-related medical complications and non-AIDS defining cancers and negatively impacts on immune function and virologic control. Although internalized heterosexism has been related to smoking behaviors, little is known about associations between partners' reports of smoking, internalized heterosexism, and HIV medication management in male…
Demographic Differences in PrEP-Related Stereotypes
Sexual Minority Health Disparities in Adult Men and Women in the United States
Objectives. We used nationally representative data to investigate health disparities associated with sexual minority status among adults in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from 11 114 adults who participated in the 2001 to 2010 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multiple logistic regressions, we examined the prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, mental health problems, cigarette smoking…
A New Measure of the Perceived Influence of Sexually Explicit Online Media on the Sexual Behaviors of Men Who Have Sex With Men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) frequently consume sexually explicit online media (SEOM), yet little is known about its influence on their sexual behaviors. We describe a sequence of four studies to develop and psychometrically validate a measure of the perceived influence of sexually explicit online media (PI-SEOM) on the sexual behaviors of MSM. Study 1 involved qualitative interviews (N = 28) and a quantitative survey (N = 100) to develop a pr…
Discrimination, Mental Health, and Substance Use Disorders Among Sexual Minority Populations
PURPOSE: Sexual minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual) populations have a higher prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Such disparities have been attributed, in part, to minority stressors, including distal stressors such as discrimination. However, few studies have examined associations between discrimination, mental health, and substance use disorders by gender among sexual minority popu…
Dyadic dynamics of HIV risk among transgender women and their primary male sexual partners
Transgender women - individuals assigned a male sex at birth who identify as women, female, or on the male-to-female trans feminine spectrum - are at high-risk of HIV worldwide. Prior research has suggested that transgender women more frequently engage in condomless sex with primary cisgender (i.e., non-transgender) male partners compared with casual or paying partners, and that condomless sex in this context might be motivated by relationship dy…
The Usefulness of the CRAFFT in Screening for Problematic Drug and Alcohol Use Among Youth Living with HIV
Relationship Dynamics and Partner Beliefs About Viral Suppression
The Importance of Sexual History Taking for PrEP Comprehension Among Young People of Color
Cigarette Smoking and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence in a Sample of Heavy Drinking HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)
Couples-Focused Prevention Program to Reduce HIV Risk Among Transgender Women and Their Primary Male Partners
Psychology (64 obras) · Medicine (58 obras) · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy (44 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (41 obras) · Social Psychology (38 obras) · Psychiatry (37 obras) · Public health (37 obras) · Clinical Psychology (36 obras) · Health psychology (26 obras) · Transgender (26 obras)