Indrajit Ray
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 771648 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Indrajit Ray |
| PRENOMES | Indrajit |
| SOBRENOME | Ray |
| ASSINATURA | RAY I |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Berkeley |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9966-8822 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 160 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1995 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The roles of women in cookstove intervention studies
The symbolic violence of debt discourse
Gender equality and quality of life must be central to the design and delivery of sanitation
box Sanitation is critical to improving quality of life and gender equality
I am the one responsible’
Affordability remains one of the most significant barriers to the exclusive use of clean cookstoves and fuels, a top global health, energy, and development priority. The measurement and discussion of clean fuel affordability is almost always based on the unitary, or single decision-maker, household as the unit of analysis, although the more realistic household disaggregated into its individual decision-makers is a well-established literature. The…
Experimental and ethnographic evidence on household-based lockboxes and savings nudges from rural Tanzania
Parasocial contact reduces anti-LGBTI+ prejudice via enhanced perspective-taking and lowered symbolic threat
Water, sanitation and hygiene (Wash)
Despite some progress, universal access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) by 2030—a remit of Sustainable Development Goal 6—remains a distant prospect in many countries. Policy-makers and implementers of the WASH sector are challenged to track a new path. This research aimed to identify core orienting themes of the sector, as legacies of past processes, which can provide insights for its future. We reviewed global policy, science and p…
Access for sale? Overlying rights, land transactions, and groundwater in California
Climate change intensifies longstanding tensions over groundwater sustainability and equity of access among users. Though private land ownership is a primary mechanism for accessing groundwater in many regions, few studies have systematically examined the extent to which farmland markets transform groundwater access patterns over time. This study begins to fill this gap by examining farmland transactions overlying groundwater from 2003-17 in Cali…
Affording a clean stack
The unaffordability of clean cookstoves and fuels, as defined by the World Health Organization, is one of the most significant reasons for the persistent use of unclean fuels, even when “stacked” alongside a clean stove. To see health benefits, the entire cooking stack must be clean, and therefore the clean stack needs to be affordable. Using a case study of clean biomass pellet stoves in Nairobi, Kenya, we present scenario analyses to measure an…
Safe drinking water for small low-income communities
Small, low-income communities in the United States disproportionately lack access to safe drinking water (i.e. water that meets regulated quality standards). At a community level, the literature has broadly claimed that a major barrier to safe drinking water access is low technical, managerial, and financial (TMF) capacity. At a broader structural level, the environmental justice literature has shown that historical neglect of low-income communit…
Six avenues for engendering creative environmentalism
From public service access to service quality
The refill gap
From 2016 to 2019, the Indian Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) distributed over 80 million liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves, making it the largest clean cooking program ever. Yet, evidence shows widespread continued use of the traditional chulha , negating the potential health benefits of LPG. Here we use semi-structured interviews with female and male adults to understand the drivers of LPG usage in Mulbagal, Karnataka, the site of a pro…
Understanding Open Defecation in the Age of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, India's flagship sanitation intervention, set out to end open defecation by October 2019. While the program improved toilet coverage nationally, large regional disparities in construction and use remain. Our study used ethnographic methods to explore perspectives on open defecation and latrine use, and the socio-economic and political reasons for these perspectives, in rural Bihar. We draw on insights from social epidemiolo…
Effects of bamboo shoots (Bambusa balcooa) on thyroid hormone synthesizing regulatory elements at cellular and molecular levels in thyrocytes
Viewpoint – Handwashing and Covid-19
Participatory modelling and development practice
Development plans with insufficient knowledge about local realities, and that do not share technical or planning details with the target communities, bedevil development practice. This study used a form of participatory modelling in three fishing communities in Nicaragua to enable fishers to explore their economy and the potential impacts of fishery-based development projects. Co-designing a model of the fishing economy in the form of a board gam…
The global risks of increasing reliance on bottled water
Flows, leaks and blockages in informational interventions
From intermittent to continuous service
The prepaid electric meter
Recovery and adaptation after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes
Epstein, K., J. DiCarlo, R. Marsh, B. Adhikari, D. Paudel, I. Ray, and I. E. Måren. 2018. Recovery and adaptation after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes: a smallholder household perspective. Ecology and Society 23(1):29. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09909-230129
Frontline worker compliance with transparency reforms
Significant development funding flows to informational interventions intended to improve public services. Such “transparency fixes” often depend on the cooperation of frontline workers who produce or disseminate information for citizens. This article examines frontline worker compliance with a transparency intervention in Bangalore's water sector. Why did compliance vary across neighborhoods, and why did workers exhibit modest rates of compliance…
Coping Strategies of Smallholder Farming Communities after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake
Environmental disasters, such as hurricanes, landslides, and earthquakes, are pervasive and disproportionately affect rural and poor populations. The concept of resilience is typically used in disaster scenarios to describe how a community or person is able to “bounce back” from a disaster event. At the same time, resilience theory also contends that disasters, or environmental shocks, can produce or initiate profound changes in social and ecolog…
User preferences and willingness to pay for safe drinking water
Scarcity, Conflicts, and Cooperation
We vividly recall how frustrated some of our professors were as they were teaching us the theory of incentives when we were students of Quantitative Economics at the Indian Statistical Institute in early 1990s. Having worked on the theory of contracts and incentives over the previous decade, these mathematical economists, micro and game theorists certainly wished the theory be successfully used in practice, particularly in the Indian context. How…
The Drinking Water Disparities Framework
With this article, we develop the Drinking Water Disparities Framework to explain environmental injustice in the context of drinking water in the United States. The framework builds on the social epidemiology and environmental justice literatures, and is populated with 5 years of field data (2005–2010) from California’s San Joaquin Valley. We trace the mechanisms through which natural, built, and sociopolitical factors work through state, county,…
Frontline worker compliance with transparency reforms
Significant development funding flows to informational interventions intended to improve public services. Such “transparency fixes” often depend on the cooperation of frontline workers who produce or disseminate information for citizens. This article examines frontline worker compliance with a transparency intervention in Bangalore's water sector. Why did compliance vary across neighborhoods, and why did workers exhibit modest rates of compliance…
Equity Reexamined
Outsourcing the State? Public–Private Partnerships and Information Technologies in India
The prepaid electric meter
Flows, leaks and blockages in informational interventions
Locational asymmetry and the potential for cooperation on a canal
Recovery and adaptation after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes
Epstein, K., J. DiCarlo, R. Marsh, B. Adhikari, D. Paudel, I. Ray, and I. E. Måren. 2018. Recovery and adaptation after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes: a smallholder household perspective. Ecology and Society 23(1):29. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09909-230129
User preferences and willingness to pay for safe drinking water
Commentary
Inadequate wastewater and fecal sludge treatment, disposal, and end use systems are arguably the greatest obstacles to achieving sustainable urban sanitation in unserved regions. Strategies for planning and implementing urban sanitation are continually evolving. Demand-driven sanitation with household and community participation is broadly thought to be the way forward. We are skeptical that more time and resources spent garnering household and c…
The indigo dye industry in colonial Bengal
This article seeks to document and analyse various facets of the indigo dye industry in Bengal during 1772-1860. Britain's trade in Indian indigo during 1600-1757 is first dis cussed here briefly to identify why the imperial government in Bengal nurtured the industry's growth against the odds of international competition and domestic constraints of organisational and technical shortfalls. We then sketch out the course of its development in respon…
Imperial policy and the decline of the Bengal salt industry under colonial rule
From intermittent to continuous service
The silk industry in Bengal during colonial rule
This article examines two hypotheses on Bengal's silk industry during the colonial period: (a) whether the industry declined during the first half of the nineteenth century, and (b) whether the discriminatory colonial policies caused its decay. Discussing the East India Company's involvement in Bengal's silk trade before 1757 as a prelude, it analyses in depth various government policies on raw silk manufacturing and silk weaving during the Compa…
Six avenues for engendering creative environmentalism
From public service access to service quality
Dynamics of Bengal coal mining in the nineteenth century
This study seeks to analyse the pattern of development of the coal mining industry in Bengal during the nineteenth century, and also its underlying causations. It reveals that though attempted for the first time in 1774, regular excavation of coal mines took off only around the mid-nineteenth century. I argue that mining in Bengal suffered initially from the adverse attitude of colonial governance and its institutions, and afterwards, from the la…
Parasocial contact reduces anti-LGBTI+ prejudice via enhanced perspective-taking and lowered symbolic threat
Viewpoint – Handwashing and Covid-19
The global risks of increasing reliance on bottled water
Struggling against Dundee
This article seeks to situate Bengal’s jute industry during the nineteenth century in a global perspective. It was a long-established cottage industry in Bengal that entered into the global market before the advent of jute technologies at Dundee, and grew together with the Dundee mills through the mid-nineteenth century. The subsequent emergence of modern mills in Bengal further aggravated the market competition. In view of inadequate deliberatio…
Identifying the woes of the cotton textile industry in Bengal
This article seeks to answer three basic questions about the nineteenth-century cotton textile industry in Bengal that still remain unresolved in the literature; namely, when did the industry begin to decay, what was the extent of its decay during the early nineteenth century, and what were the factors that led to this? In the absence of data on production, this article seeks to settle the debate on the basis of the industry's market performance …
An integrated method for evaluating community-based safe water programmes and an application in rural Mexico
The burden of diarrhoeal disease remains high in the developing world. Community-based safe drinking water programmes are being promoted as cost-effective interventions that will help reduce this illness burden. However, the effectiveness of these programmes remains under-investigated. The primary argument of this paper is that the biological exposure reductions underlying safe water interventions vary tremendously over space and time, and studie…
Social and Economic Networks in Cooperative Game Theory
The importance of social and economic networks has now been well recognised in the economic theory literature. Inaugurated and possibly influenced by the work of Jackson–Wolinsky and Dutta–Muthuswami, this recent theoretical literature has attracted the attention of many game theorists in the last five years. As a consequence, we have witnessed fundamental papers that have helped us to understand how social and economic networks form and perform.…
Shipbuilding in Bengal under Colonial Rule
Efficiency in correlated equilibrium
Slot allocation
Imperial policy and the decline of the Bengal salt industry under colonial rule
Influences of Age, Sex and Caste on Goiter Prevalence of the People in Tripura, North East India
Goiter prevalence of selected population in respect of age, sex and caste was evaluated in the conventional iodine deficient Tripura of north east India during post-salt iodization phase. The study was earned out on 10,801 school-children in the age group 6-15 years of both sexes from randomly selected 22 representative localities. In selected localities, children were clinically examined for goiter categorising them in respect of ages, sexes and…
Locational asymmetry and the potential for cooperation on a canal
Social and Economic Networks in Cooperative Game Theory
The importance of social and economic networks has now been well recognised in the economic theory literature. Inaugurated and possibly influenced by the work of Jackson–Wolinsky and Dutta–Muthuswami, this recent theoretical literature has attracted the attention of many game theorists in the last five years. As a consequence, we have witnessed fundamental papers that have helped us to understand how social and economic networks form and perform.…
Strategic Multilateral Exchange
The indigo dye industry in colonial Bengal
This article seeks to document and analyse various facets of the indigo dye industry in Bengal during 1772-1860. Britain's trade in Indian indigo during 1600-1757 is first dis cussed here briefly to identify why the imperial government in Bengal nurtured the industry's growth against the odds of international competition and domestic constraints of organisational and technical shortfalls. We then sketch out the course of its development in respon…
Scarcity, Conflicts, and Cooperation
We vividly recall how frustrated some of our professors were as they were teaching us the theory of incentives when we were students of Quantitative Economics at the Indian Statistical Institute in early 1990s. Having worked on the theory of contracts and incentives over the previous decade, these mathematical economists, micro and game theorists certainly wished the theory be successfully used in practice, particularly in the Indian context. How…
The silk industry in Bengal during colonial rule
This article examines two hypotheses on Bengal's silk industry during the colonial period: (a) whether the industry declined during the first half of the nineteenth century, and (b) whether the discriminatory colonial policies caused its decay. Discussing the East India Company's involvement in Bengal's silk trade before 1757 as a prelude, it analyses in depth various government policies on raw silk manufacturing and silk weaving during the Compa…
Methodological Approaches to the Question of the Commons
In this essay we argue that the key barriers to interdisciplinary work between economists and anthropologists are differences of methodology and epistemology—in what the two disciplines consider important to explain and how they evaluate the criteria for a good explanation. The essay is an introduction to three articles, on economics, anthropology, and the question of the commons, that illustrate some of these differences and that suggest both th…
Outcomes and Processes in Economics and Anthropology
The premise of this article is that outcomes of economic models and process analyses of anthropology are both essential for understanding social phenomena, including those surrounding the commons. An explanation of any model outcome is invariably about process and structure—the outcomes of several models are compatible with many different causal processes. Anthropologists also pay equal attention to exclusions and inclusions, to the said as well …
Environmental non-government organizations’ perceptions of geologic sequestration
Environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been influential in shaping public perceptions of environmental problems, their causes and potential solutions. Over the last decade, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has emerged as a potentially important technological response to climate change. In this paper we investigate how leading US NGOs perceive geologic sequestration, a potentially controversial part of CCS. We examine how and why…
Equity Reexamined
An integrated method for evaluating community-based safe water programmes and an application in rural Mexico
The burden of diarrhoeal disease remains high in the developing world. Community-based safe drinking water programmes are being promoted as cost-effective interventions that will help reduce this illness burden. However, the effectiveness of these programmes remains under-investigated. The primary argument of this paper is that the biological exposure reductions underlying safe water interventions vary tremendously over space and time, and studie…
Community perceptions of carbon sequestration
Over the last decade, many energy experts have supported carbon sequestration as a viable technological response to climate change. Given the potential importance of sequestration in US energy policy, what might explain the views of communities that may be directly impacted by the siting of this technology? To answer this question, we conducted focus groups in two communities who were potentially pilot project sites for California's DOE-funded We…
Outsourcing the State? Public–Private Partnerships and Information Technologies in India
Identifying the woes of the cotton textile industry in Bengal
This article seeks to answer three basic questions about the nineteenth-century cotton textile industry in Bengal that still remain unresolved in the literature; namely, when did the industry begin to decay, what was the extent of its decay during the early nineteenth century, and what were the factors that led to this? In the absence of data on production, this article seeks to settle the debate on the basis of the industry's market performance …
Commentary
Inadequate wastewater and fecal sludge treatment, disposal, and end use systems are arguably the greatest obstacles to achieving sustainable urban sanitation in unserved regions. Strategies for planning and implementing urban sanitation are continually evolving. Demand-driven sanitation with household and community participation is broadly thought to be the way forward. We are skeptical that more time and resources spent garnering household and c…
Struggling against Dundee
This article seeks to situate Bengal’s jute industry during the nineteenth century in a global perspective. It was a long-established cottage industry in Bengal that entered into the global market before the advent of jute technologies at Dundee, and grew together with the Dundee mills through the mid-nineteenth century. The subsequent emergence of modern mills in Bengal further aggravated the market competition. In view of inadequate deliberatio…
The Drinking Water Disparities Framework
With this article, we develop the Drinking Water Disparities Framework to explain environmental injustice in the context of drinking water in the United States. The framework builds on the social epidemiology and environmental justice literatures, and is populated with 5 years of field data (2005–2010) from California’s San Joaquin Valley. We trace the mechanisms through which natural, built, and sociopolitical factors work through state, county,…
The Great Divergence’ Revisited
This study contributes to the literature on the ‘Great Divergence’ by analysing the historical roots of the economic slowdown in Bengal. It offers a critique of existing hypotheses insofar as they fail to account for the experience of Bengal sufficiently. In particular, emphasis on demographic-ecological crisis as an explanation of Asian regions falling behind seems inapt for Bengal. The paper proposes an alternative theoretical framework based o…
Dynamics of Bengal coal mining in the nineteenth century
This study seeks to analyse the pattern of development of the coal mining industry in Bengal during the nineteenth century, and also its underlying causations. It reveals that though attempted for the first time in 1774, regular excavation of coal mines took off only around the mid-nineteenth century. I argue that mining in Bengal suffered initially from the adverse attitude of colonial governance and its institutions, and afterwards, from the la…
Coping Strategies of Smallholder Farming Communities after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake
Environmental disasters, such as hurricanes, landslides, and earthquakes, are pervasive and disproportionately affect rural and poor populations. The concept of resilience is typically used in disaster scenarios to describe how a community or person is able to “bounce back” from a disaster event. At the same time, resilience theory also contends that disasters, or environmental shocks, can produce or initiate profound changes in social and ecolog…
Economics (38 obras) · Political science (27 obras) · Business (25 obras) · Geography (16 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Medicine (11 obras) · Engineering (10 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (9 obras) · Economic growth (9 obras) · Environmental planning (9 obras)