Michel Toussaint
Biographic Data
| ID | 78365 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michel Toussaint |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michel |
| FAMILY NAME | Toussaint |
| SIGNATURE | TOUSSAINT M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Service Public de Wallonie |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3036-6949 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 783 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Limited human mobility during the Neolithic period in the Meuse and Mons basin in Belgium: Multi-Element Isotopic Analysis
While the introduction of the Neolithic way of life in central Belgium around 5300 BCE is well-documented, the provenance and mobility patterns of Middle to Final Neolithic groups in southern Belgium (Wallonia) remain unclear. This work presents the first multi-element isotopic (strontium, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr; oxygen, δ 18 O; carbon, δ 13 C) data from prehistoric human dental enamel from the region. The study includes a total of 29 individuals, coming f…
Human midfacial growth pattern differs from that of Neanderthals and chimpanzees
Present-day humans have small and retracted midfaces, while Neanderthals possess large and forwardly projected midfaces. To understand the ontogenetic patterns underlying these characteristic morphologies, we compared maxillary growth and development from birth to adulthood in present-day humans (Homo sapiens; n = 128), Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis; n = 13), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus; n = 33) using macroscopic (i.e., geometric…
Résultats préliminaires des analyses paléogénétiques des grottes préhistoriques de la Vallée de la Meuse, Belgique
Le texte seul est utilisable
Assembling ancestors: The manipulation of Neolithic and Gallo-Roman skeletal remains at Pommerœul, Belgium
Post-mortem manipulation of human bodies, including the commingling of multiple individuals, is attested throughout the past. More rarely, the bones of different individuals are assembled to create a single 'individual' for burial. Rarer still are composite individuals with skeletal elements separated by hundreds or even thousands of years. Here, the authors report an isolated inhumation within a Gallo-Roman-period cremation cemetery at Pommerœul…
Black adzes in the Early Neolithic of Belgium: Contribution of the Raman microspectrometry and petrography in characterization and sourcing
Early Neolithic (Linear Pottery Culture) adzes originate from settlements and workshops accompany the neolithization of Belgium. They are made from a wide range of extraregional lithic raw materials such as metamorphic green rocks (amphibolite) and black volcanic rocks (“basalt’) beside more local or regional raw material as flints, light-coloured (sedimentary and lightly metamorphic) quartzites, black lydites (Cambrian nodular phtanite of Céroux…
Dr. Philippe Masy (06/11/1930-01/03/2022): De la radiologie à l’anthropologie
Dès sa jeunesse, Philippe Masy se prend d’intérêt pour le milieu karstique, pour l’archéologie et les origines de l’homme. Il pratique la spéléologie et l’alpinisme. Diplômé de médecine et spécialisé en radiologie, directeur de service dans un grand hôpital liégeois, il n’a que peu de temps à consacrer à ses passions. Changement de cap dès sa retraite fin 1991 : il s’investit alors dans la recherche en archéologie, surtout préhistorique, et en an…
Development of a Medium Care Unit Using an Inexperienced Respiratory Staff: Lessons Learned during the Covid-19 Pandemic
The different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic caused dramatic issues regarding the organization of care. In this context innovative solutions have to be developed in a timely manner to adapt to the organization of the care. The establishment of middle care (MC) units is a bright example of such an adaptation. A multidisciplinary MC team, including expert and non-expert respiratory health care personnel, was developed and trained to work in a COVID…
Portugal’s Rising Research in Architecture and Urbanism: The Influence of International Research Centers and Authors
In the early 1960s, Portugal saw a rise in scientific research on architecture and urbanism at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil; LNEC), fundamental to support the Government in establishing a national program for housing, which continued until the fall of the Dictatorship in 1974. Lacking tradition in scientific studies in architecture and urbanism, a group of young architects with knowledge o…
Spy and Scladina Caves: A Neandertal’s Story
The Late Neandertal permanent lower left third premolar from Walou Cave (Trooz, Belgium) and its context
We discuss the implications of the existence of a clearly Neandertal premolar dating to the period of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Meuse river basin
Middle Palaeolithic in North-West Europe: Multidisciplinary approaches
The Middle Palaeolithic from Belgium: Chronostratigraphy, territorial management and culture on a mosaic of contrasting environments
Technical Note: Guidelines for the digital computation of 2D and 3D enamel thickness in hominoid teeth
The study of enamel thickness has received considerable attention in regard to the taxonomic, phylogenetic and dietary assessment of human and non‐human primates. Recent developments based on two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) digital techniques have facilitated accurate analyses, preserving the original object from invasive procedures. Various digital protocols have been proposed. These include several procedures based on manual han…
Cervical and crown outline analysis of worn Neanderthal and modern human lower second deciduous molars
Despite the general increase in digital techniques for dental morphometric analyses, only a few methods are available to study worn teeth. Moreover, permanent dentitions are studied much more frequently than deciduous teeth. In this study, we address both issues by providing a taxonomic classification of Neanderthal and modern human (MH) lower second deciduous molars (dm 2 s) through the analysis of crown and cervical outlines. Crown and cervical…
Variation in enamel thickness within the genus Homo
Chronostratigraphic context of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition: Recent data from Belgium
Intentional cutmarks on an early mesolithic human calvaria from Margaux Cave (Dinant, Belgium)
Margaux Cave (Belgium) yielded a Pre‐Boreal Early Mesolithic burial covered by what resembled a burial mound. The hundreds of human bones excavated belonged to 7 to 10 adult females. Among these bones, the CR3 cranium presents numerous cutmarks on both zygomatic processes, on the frontal squama and along the two coronal sutures, as well as on the left part of the posterior cranium. The cutmarks on the zygomatic processes correspond to the removal…
Brief communication: Contributions of enamel‐dentine junction shape and enamel deposition to primate molar crown complexity
Molar crown morphology varies among primates from relatively simple in some taxa to more complex in others, with such variability having both functional and taxonomic significance. In addition to the primary cusps, crown surface complexity derives from the presence of crests, cuspules, and crenulations. Developmentally, this complexity results from the deposition of an enamel cap over a basement membrane (the morphology of which is preserved as t…
The Neandertal lower right deciduous second molar from Trou de l'Abîme at Couvin, Belgium
Apport de l’archéologie expérimentale à la compréhension du creusement des tranchées d’implantation des allées couvertes de la fin du Néolithique. En marge des fouilles au champ mégalithique de Wéris …
The digging of the foundation pits of the semi-buried allées couvertes from the Late/ Final Neolithic were remarkable achievements whose technical and social requirements had not previously been experimented. This paper describes experiments conducted to test several aspects of this ‘ megalithic engineering’. A number of practical and potentially significant questions were examined, among them the efficiency of the different sets of tools possibl…
Extraction and sequencing of human and Neanderthal mature enamel proteins using Maldi-TOF/TOF MS
New data on the late Neandertals: Direct dating of the Belgian Spy fossils
In Eurasia, the period between 40,000 and 30,000 BP saw the replacement of Neandertals by anatomically modern humans (AMH) during and after the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. The human fossil record for this period is very poorly defined with no overlap between Neandertals and AMH on the basis of direct dates. Four new 14 C dates were obtained on the two adult Neandertals from Spy (Belgium). The results show that Neandertals survived to …
Dental tissue proportions and enamel thickness in Neandertal and modern human molars
Rapid dental development in a Middle Paleolithic Belgian Neanderthal
The evolution of life history (pace of growth and reproduction) was crucial to ancient hominin adaptations. The study of dental development facilitates assessment of growth and development in fossil hominins with greater precision than other skeletal analyses. During tooth formation, biological rhythms manifest in enamel and dentine, creating a permanent record of growth rate and duration. Quantification of these internal and external incremental…
L’exploration en galeries souterraines, une pratique méconnue de l’histoire des fouilles préhistoriques en grottes au XIXe siècle: L’exemple de la caverne de la Naulette (Belgique)
Lors de fouilles récentes à la caverne de La Naulette, dans le sud de la Belgique, un intéressant témoignage relatif à une pratique méconnue et insolite à laquelle les fouilleurs en grottes de la fin du XIXème siècle ont eu recours à diverses reprises a été mis au jour. Il s’agissait, pour des raisons de facilité, d’économie et d’efficacité, de creuser des galeries souterraines, à la manière des mineurs, pour exploiter les « filons » que représen…
Dental tissue proportions and enamel thickness in Neandertal and modern human molars
Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeodietary Implications of Isotopic Biogeochemistry of Last Interglacial Neanderthal and Mammal Bones in Scladina Cave (Belgium)
New data on the late Neandertals: Direct dating of the Belgian Spy fossils
In Eurasia, the period between 40,000 and 30,000 BP saw the replacement of Neandertals by anatomically modern humans (AMH) during and after the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. The human fossil record for this period is very poorly defined with no overlap between Neandertals and AMH on the basis of direct dates. Four new 14 C dates were obtained on the two adult Neandertals from Spy (Belgium). The results show that Neandertals survived to …
Variation in enamel thickness within the genus Homo
New isotopic evidence for dietary habits of Neandertals from Belgium
The Neandertal lower right deciduous second molar from Trou de l'Abîme at Couvin, Belgium
Palaeodiet of Mesolithic and Neolithic populations of Meuse Basin (Belgium): Evidence from stable isotopes
Technical Note: Guidelines for the digital computation of 2D and 3D enamel thickness in hominoid teeth
The study of enamel thickness has received considerable attention in regard to the taxonomic, phylogenetic and dietary assessment of human and non‐human primates. Recent developments based on two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) digital techniques have facilitated accurate analyses, preserving the original object from invasive procedures. Various digital protocols have been proposed. These include several procedures based on manual han…
Chronostratigraphic context of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition: Recent data from Belgium
Brief communication: Contributions of enamel‐dentine junction shape and enamel deposition to primate molar crown complexity
Molar crown morphology varies among primates from relatively simple in some taxa to more complex in others, with such variability having both functional and taxonomic significance. In addition to the primary cusps, crown surface complexity derives from the presence of crests, cuspules, and crenulations. Developmentally, this complexity results from the deposition of an enamel cap over a basement membrane (the morphology of which is preserved as t…
Cervical and crown outline analysis of worn Neanderthal and modern human lower second deciduous molars
Despite the general increase in digital techniques for dental morphometric analyses, only a few methods are available to study worn teeth. Moreover, permanent dentitions are studied much more frequently than deciduous teeth. In this study, we address both issues by providing a taxonomic classification of Neanderthal and modern human (MH) lower second deciduous molars (dm 2 s) through the analysis of crown and cervical outlines. Crown and cervical…
The Middle Palaeolithic from Belgium: Chronostratigraphy, territorial management and culture on a mosaic of contrasting environments
Découverte de restes humains immatures dans les niveaux moustériens de la grotte Scladina à Andenne (Belgique)
Otte Marcel, Toussaint Michel, Bonjean Dominique. Découverte de restes humains immatures dans les niveaux moustériens de la grotte Scladina à Andenne (Belgique). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 5 fascicule 1-2, 1993. pp. 327-332
Intentional cutmarks on an early mesolithic human calvaria from Margaux Cave (Dinant, Belgium)
Margaux Cave (Belgium) yielded a Pre‐Boreal Early Mesolithic burial covered by what resembled a burial mound. The hundreds of human bones excavated belonged to 7 to 10 adult females. Among these bones, the CR3 cranium presents numerous cutmarks on both zygomatic processes, on the frontal squama and along the two coronal sutures, as well as on the left part of the posterior cranium. The cutmarks on the zygomatic processes correspond to the removal…
Extraction and sequencing of human and Neanderthal mature enamel proteins using Maldi-TOF/TOF MS
Une sépulture du Michelsberg: Le trou de la Heid à Comblain-au-Pont (Province de Liège, Belgique)
Les sédiments de la couche 2 du trou de la Heid à Comblain-au-Pont ont livré un dépôt funéraire comprenant 24 dents et ossements humains mal conservés et un riche mobilier archéologique. L'étude anthropologique témoigne de la présence de deux individus, un adulte et un enfant. Leurs ossements ont été datés au 14C de 4650 + 60 BP (Lv-1586), soit entre 3380 et 3530 ВС après calibration à un sigma. Le matériel archéologique se compose essentiellemen…
Human midfacial growth pattern differs from that of Neanderthals and chimpanzees
Present-day humans have small and retracted midfaces, while Neanderthals possess large and forwardly projected midfaces. To understand the ontogenetic patterns underlying these characteristic morphologies, we compared maxillary growth and development from birth to adulthood in present-day humans (Homo sapiens; n = 128), Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis; n = 13), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus; n = 33) using macroscopic (i.e., geometric…
Assembling ancestors: The manipulation of Neolithic and Gallo-Roman skeletal remains at Pommerœul, Belgium
Post-mortem manipulation of human bodies, including the commingling of multiple individuals, is attested throughout the past. More rarely, the bones of different individuals are assembled to create a single 'individual' for burial. Rarer still are composite individuals with skeletal elements separated by hundreds or even thousands of years. Here, the authors report an isolated inhumation within a Gallo-Roman-period cremation cemetery at Pommerœul…
The Late Neandertal permanent lower left third premolar from Walou Cave (Trooz, Belgium) and its context
We discuss the implications of the existence of a clearly Neandertal premolar dating to the period of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Meuse river basin
Middle Palaeolithic in North-West Europe: Multidisciplinary approaches
Le Paléolithique supérieur final de la caverne du Bois de la Saute (province de Namur, Belgique)
Toussaint Michel, Toussaint Guy. Le Paléolithique supérieur final de la caverne du Bois de la Saute (province de Namur, Belgique). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 80, n°3, 1983. pp. 88-93
Le Paléolithique supérieur ancien de la caverne de la Traweye Rotche à Sprimont (province de Liège, Belgique), une occupation datant de l'oscillation de Tursac/Les Wartons
RESUME : La caverne de la Traweye Rotche est située dans la vallée de l'Amblève, province de Liège, Belgique. Fouillé anciennement sans que le matériel archéologique découvert ait été publié ou soit conservé, le site a été réexaminé dans une optique pluridisciplinaire en 1981-1982. La couche 3 du remplissage, que les analyses palynologiques, 14C et paléontologiques suggèrent de rapporter à l'oscillation froide-médium de Tursac/Les Wartons, a livr…
Le paléolithique supérieur récent du Trou Jadot à Comblain-au-Pont (Province de Liège, Belgique) et son paléoenvironnement
RESUME Les études microfauniques, polliniques et sédi- mentologiques des dépôts du Trou Jadot à Comblain-au-Pont, province de Liège, Belgique, ont mis en évidence une alternance de périodes paléoclimatiques rigoureuses et tempérées que les datations radiométriques et l'étude des minéraux mafiques transparents permettent de replacer dans la chronostratigraphie du Weichsélien, depuis le Dryas I jusqu'à la fin de l'Allerød. La dernière oscillation t…
Découverte de restes humains immatures dans les niveaux moustériens de la grotte Scladina à Andenne (Belgique)
Otte Marcel, Toussaint Michel, Bonjean Dominique. Découverte de restes humains immatures dans les niveaux moustériens de la grotte Scladina à Andenne (Belgique). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 5 fascicule 1-2, 1993. pp. 327-332
Une sépulture du Michelsberg: Le trou de la Heid à Comblain-au-Pont (Province de Liège, Belgique)
Les sédiments de la couche 2 du trou de la Heid à Comblain-au-Pont ont livré un dépôt funéraire comprenant 24 dents et ossements humains mal conservés et un riche mobilier archéologique. L'étude anthropologique témoigne de la présence de deux individus, un adulte et un enfant. Leurs ossements ont été datés au 14C de 4650 + 60 BP (Lv-1586), soit entre 3380 et 3530 ВС après calibration à un sigma. Le matériel archéologique se compose essentiellemen…
Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeodietary Implications of Isotopic Biogeochemistry of Last Interglacial Neanderthal and Mammal Bones in Scladina Cave (Belgium)
Altwies " Op dem Boesch ", Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Occupation du Rubané final et du Campaniforme en bordure de plateau
Jost Catherine, Hauzeur Anne, Toussaint Michel, Le Brun-Ricalens Foni. Altwies " Op dem Boesch ", Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Occupation du Rubané final et du Campaniforme en bordure de plateau. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 98, n°3, 2001. pp. 551-554
New isotopic evidence for dietary habits of Neandertals from Belgium
Un couteau aménagé dans un radius humain protohistorique découvert aux grottes de Goyet (Gesves, province de Namur, Belgique)
A tool manufactured on a human radius was discovered between 1935 and 1945 in the caves of Goyet (province of Namur, Belgium). A splinter from the artefact yielded an AMS date of 2420 ± 40 BP (OxA-8875), i.e. between 760 and 400 ВС after calibration at 1 σ and between 770 and 390 ВС at 2 σ. Such a result dates the object to the Iron Age, although the size of the standard deviation due to plateaux on the calibration curve prevents greater precisio…
Critères d'identification des menhirs dans la Préhistoire belgo-luxembourgeoise
De nombreux monolithes dressés ou couchés parsèment les campagnes de Belgique et du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, comme de la plupart des régions d'Europe. Ils sont souvent considérés comme des menhirs, sans que la réalité mégalithique de la majorité d'entre eux n'ait été investiguée de façon méthodique. Pourtant, les écueils sont nombreux. C'est pour tenter de pallier aux multiples problèmes interprétatifs posés par ce type de structures que le pré…
L’exploration en galeries souterraines, une pratique méconnue de l’histoire des fouilles préhistoriques en grottes au XIXe siècle: L’exemple de la caverne de la Naulette (Belgique)
Lors de fouilles récentes à la caverne de La Naulette, dans le sud de la Belgique, un intéressant témoignage relatif à une pratique méconnue et insolite à laquelle les fouilleurs en grottes de la fin du XIXème siècle ont eu recours à diverses reprises a été mis au jour. Il s’agissait, pour des raisons de facilité, d’économie et d’efficacité, de creuser des galeries souterraines, à la manière des mineurs, pour exploiter les « filons » que représen…
Palaeodiet of Mesolithic and Neolithic populations of Meuse Basin (Belgium): Evidence from stable isotopes
Rapid dental development in a Middle Paleolithic Belgian Neanderthal
The evolution of life history (pace of growth and reproduction) was crucial to ancient hominin adaptations. The study of dental development facilitates assessment of growth and development in fossil hominins with greater precision than other skeletal analyses. During tooth formation, biological rhythms manifest in enamel and dentine, creating a permanent record of growth rate and duration. Quantification of these internal and external incremental…
Dental tissue proportions and enamel thickness in Neandertal and modern human molars
Apport de l’archéologie expérimentale à la compréhension du creusement des tranchées d’implantation des allées couvertes de la fin du Néolithique. En marge des fouilles au champ mégalithique de Wéris …
The digging of the foundation pits of the semi-buried allées couvertes from the Late/ Final Neolithic were remarkable achievements whose technical and social requirements had not previously been experimented. This paper describes experiments conducted to test several aspects of this ‘ megalithic engineering’. A number of practical and potentially significant questions were examined, among them the efficiency of the different sets of tools possibl…
Extraction and sequencing of human and Neanderthal mature enamel proteins using Maldi-TOF/TOF MS
New data on the late Neandertals: Direct dating of the Belgian Spy fossils
In Eurasia, the period between 40,000 and 30,000 BP saw the replacement of Neandertals by anatomically modern humans (AMH) during and after the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. The human fossil record for this period is very poorly defined with no overlap between Neandertals and AMH on the basis of direct dates. Four new 14 C dates were obtained on the two adult Neandertals from Spy (Belgium). The results show that Neandertals survived to …
Brief communication: Contributions of enamel‐dentine junction shape and enamel deposition to primate molar crown complexity
Molar crown morphology varies among primates from relatively simple in some taxa to more complex in others, with such variability having both functional and taxonomic significance. In addition to the primary cusps, crown surface complexity derives from the presence of crests, cuspules, and crenulations. Developmentally, this complexity results from the deposition of an enamel cap over a basement membrane (the morphology of which is preserved as t…
The Neandertal lower right deciduous second molar from Trou de l'Abîme at Couvin, Belgium
Chronostratigraphic context of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition: Recent data from Belgium
Intentional cutmarks on an early mesolithic human calvaria from Margaux Cave (Dinant, Belgium)
Margaux Cave (Belgium) yielded a Pre‐Boreal Early Mesolithic burial covered by what resembled a burial mound. The hundreds of human bones excavated belonged to 7 to 10 adult females. Among these bones, the CR3 cranium presents numerous cutmarks on both zygomatic processes, on the frontal squama and along the two coronal sutures, as well as on the left part of the posterior cranium. The cutmarks on the zygomatic processes correspond to the removal…
Cervical and crown outline analysis of worn Neanderthal and modern human lower second deciduous molars
Despite the general increase in digital techniques for dental morphometric analyses, only a few methods are available to study worn teeth. Moreover, permanent dentitions are studied much more frequently than deciduous teeth. In this study, we address both issues by providing a taxonomic classification of Neanderthal and modern human (MH) lower second deciduous molars (dm 2 s) through the analysis of crown and cervical outlines. Crown and cervical…
Variation in enamel thickness within the genus Homo
Technical Note: Guidelines for the digital computation of 2D and 3D enamel thickness in hominoid teeth
The study of enamel thickness has received considerable attention in regard to the taxonomic, phylogenetic and dietary assessment of human and non‐human primates. Recent developments based on two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) digital techniques have facilitated accurate analyses, preserving the original object from invasive procedures. Various digital protocols have been proposed. These include several procedures based on manual han…
Middle Palaeolithic in North-West Europe: Multidisciplinary approaches
Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (28 works) · Geography (23 works) · Archaeology (19 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (17 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (15 works) · Paleontology (15 works) · Biology (14 works) · Geology (14 works) · Art (12 works) · Cave (11 works)