Bert Klandermans
Biographic Data
| ID | 78795 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bert Klandermans |
| GIVEN NAMES | Bert |
| FAMILY NAME | Klandermans |
| SIGNATURE | KLANDERMANS B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8477-5780 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 83 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3024 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 80 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
The demand and supply dynamics of the MST activists’ mobilization
A Social Psychology of Protest: Individuals in Action
Protest is typically rare behavior, yet the first decade of the twenty-first century has been named the era of protest. Successful protests bring masses to the streets, and the emergence of social media has fundamentally changed the process of mobilization. What protests need to be successful is demand (grievances, anger, and indignation), supply (protest organizations), and mobilization (effective communication networks). Motivation to participa…
Psicologia Social do Protesto: Um Panorama Teórico a partir da Realidade Brasileira
Este artigo objetiva apresentar as principais contribuições da psicologia social do protesto articulando tal proposta a ações coletivas e movimentos sociais brasileiros. A psicologia social do protesto tem como foco de análise o comportamento social dos indivíduos e sua questão central é o entendimento da razão pela qual as pessoas participam ou não de protestos. Suas origens remetem à dimensão psicossocial das teorias clássicas de movimentos soc…
Recruitment and disengagement: Two sides of the same coin or different phenomena
We investigate the disengagement of four former activists of the Landless Rural Workers Movement ( Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra —MST) in Brazil. The MST is the largest Brazilian social movement and has mobilized activists for over 30 years. The trajectories of recruitment, participation and disengagement of its activists serve as emblematic cases for the study of disengagement in social movements in general. This research contribu…
A Survey Experiment on Citizens’ Preferences for ‘Vote–Centric’ vs. ‘Talk–Centric’ Democratic Innovations with Advisory vs. Binding Outcomes
Previous research on public support for participatory decision-making fails to distinguish between vote-centric (referendums and initiatives) and talk-centric (deliberative-style meetings) instruments, despite a deliberative turn in democratic theory suggesting that political discussion among ordinary citizens improves decision-making. In an online factorial survey experiment conducted among a sample of 960 Americans recruited on Amazon’s Mechani…
The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements
Australian Aboriginal peoples' movements have been central to Aboriginal resistances to dispossessions and discriminations since European colonization began at the turn of the nineteenth century and continue into present times. Aboriginal organized protest has coalesced around three political and social criteria: the articulation of a direct claim; the organization of activities involving Aboriginal community members around this claim; and the ad…
Friends in High Places: Anger and Frustration among Protesters When Their Political Allies Fail Them
Scholars working from the political opportunity approach have upheld the notion that the political context sets the grievances around which activist mobilizes. Inspired by Tarrow and colleagues plea to explain political activism by analyzing how activists are mobilized, this article focuses on the individual protester. The research question in this article reads how are activist’s protest emotions shaped by characteristics of the political contex…
Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines
Individuals in Movements: A Social Psychology of Contention
In Politics We Trust…or Not? Trusting and Distrusting Demonstrators Compared
This article sheds light on the debate regarding political trust and protest activity. The debate boils down to the question whether trust in politics is positively or negatively related to protest activity. We exploit a dataset encompassing data on about 9,000 demonstrators spread over seven European countries. These demonstrators' trust in their parliaments varies widely, ranging from trustworthy capable, to corrupt incapable. We examine the di…
Comparing protests and demonstrators in times of austerity: Regular and Occasional Protesters in Universalistic and Particularistic Mobilisations
The recent economic crisis shaped a new wave of protest in Europe mobilising thousands of people. Austerity measures brought not only the ‘usual suspects’ onto the streets, they also awoke less frequent demonstrators. What brought all these people to the streets? Are their motivations the same for participation in all demonstrations? We compare participants in two types of mobilisations against austerity: those called particularistic (which are r…
The phenomenology of protest atmosphere: A demonstrator perspective
This paper aims to improve our understanding of demonstrators' atmosphere perceptions, that is, demonstrators' affective state, which is induced by the protest environment. We examined how demonstrators perceive protest atmosphere, why they do so, and whether atmosphere perceptions influence demonstrators' future collective action preparedness. We hypothesized that demonstrators' atmosphere perceptions diverge on a dimension of pleasure, and rela…
Does Civic Participation Stimulate Political Activity
Activists are the engines of social movements. What spurs their activism? This article scrutinizes the role of civic participation in stimulating political action. We examine how the type of voluntary organization, scope of involvement and intensity of activity relate to political activity. Contrary to existing studies that collapse noninstitutional political activities into a single measure, we differentiate collective activities from individual…
Taking Austerity to the Streets: Fighting Austerity Measures or Austerity States
We present data on eighteen demonstrations against austerity politics. A distinction is made between demonstrations against the austerity measures governments are taking (11) and demonstrations against the governments that are taking these measures (7). In total, 3434 demonstrators completed a survey questionnaire inquiring about demographic characteristics, social and political embeddedness, mobilization channels, satisfaction with the way democ…
Collective Action
Exploring Variation in the M oroccan‐ D utch Collective Narrative: An Intersectional Approach
Collective identities are constructed and negotiated in interaction. The dynamics of collective identity construction in the interactions of group members, however, remain understudied. Taking into consideration public discourses of ethnicity and religion in the N etherlands, in this article we explore the uses of narrative in intragroup identity construction among M oroccan‐ D utch young adults. In line with theories of intersectionality, we exp…
The Virtue of Comparison: On Times, Places, Issues, and Activities
I argue that social movement scholars should conduct more comparative research. Comparison is needed to decide whether findings are unique for a specific movement, typical for a country, or vary over time, places, issues, and activities. The focal question of my work has always been, Why do some people participate in collective action while others do not? The answer to that question differs at different points in time, in different societies, and…
A Study of Perceived Protest Atmospheres: How Demonstrators Evaluate Police-Demonstrator Interactions and Why
Using a multilevel dataset of seventy-five European street demonstrations (2009-13), we assess how demonstrators evaluate the interactions between the police and other demonstrators. In doing so, we study demonstrators' perceptions of the protest atmosphere. Understanding these atmosphere assessments is relevant, as demonstrators and other protest actors (e.g., police and the media) widely refer to the atmosphere (i.e., mood or climate) of protes…
Grievance Formation in Times of Transition: South Africa 1994-2000
Media and Revolt: Strategies and Performances from the 1960s to the Present
Why People Don't Participate in Collective Action
Studies of social movements usually concentrate on explanations of participation. Much less attention is given to non-participation. In this article, we develop a social–psychological theory of non-participation. To some extent, non-participation is the flip side of participation, but it also has dynamics of its own. Theoretical notions are applied in an illustrative manner to the dynamics of collective action against nuclear weapons in the Nethe…
Identity Politics and Politicized Identities: Identity Processes and the Dynamics of Protest
Over the last decades, the concept of identity has become increasingly central in the social psychology of protest. Collective identity, politicized collective identity, dual identity, and multiple identities are concepts that help to understand and describe the social psychological dynamics of protest. In this article, I theorize about identity processes in the context of protest participation: how group identification establishes the link betwe…
Fitting Demand and Supply: How Identification Brings Appeals and Motives Together
In this article, participants in two demonstrations are compared. The demonstrations took place in two different squares in Amsterdam, on the same day, opposing the same governmental policy. Everything was the same except the organizers and their appeals: labor unions with an appeal in terms of threatened interests, on the one hand, and an anti-neoliberalism alliance with an appeal in terms of violated principles on the other. We hypothesize that…
Comparing street demonstrations
This introductory article provides a short account of the theoretical framework and the methodological set-up of a comparative study of street demonstrations. The following articles in this issue report results from this study. The data on over 90 street demonstrations and more than 17,000 participants were collected between November 2009 and Summer 2012 in nine different countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, …
Mobilization Without Organization: The Case of Unaffiliated Demonstrators
Collective action literature tends to focus on how people are affiliated to mobilizing structures and on how being affiliated to these networks facilitates collective action participation. Much less attention is given to the fact that sometimes large proportions of the participants are not affiliated to the organizers’ networks. In this article, we discuss the dynamics of participation in street demonstrations for participants who are not affilia…
Mobilization and Participation: Social-Psychological Expansisons of Resource Mobilization Theory
Resource mobilization theorists have nearly abandoned social-psychological analysis of social movements. In this paper a fresh case is made for social psychology. New insights in psychology are combined with resource mobilization theory in an attempt to overcome the weaknesses of traditional social-psychological approaches to social movements. Expectancy-value theory is applied to movement participation and mobilization. It is assumed that the wi…
Politicized collective identity: A social psychological analysis
This article develops a social psychological model of politicized collective identity that revolves around 3 conceptual triads. The 1st triad consists of collective identity, the struggle between groups for power, and the wider societal context. It is proposed that people evince politicized collective identity to the extent that they engage as self-conscious group members in a power struggle on behalf of their group knowing that it is the more in…
Potentials, Networks, Motivations, and Barriers: Steps Towards Participation in Social Movements
Four aspects of mobilization are distinguished: formation of mobilization potentials, formation and activation of recruitment networks, arousal of motivation to participate, and removal of barriers to participation. Four steps toward participation in social movements are then distinguished: becoming part of the mobilization potential, becoming target of mobilization attempts, becoming motivated to participate, and overcoming barriers to participa…
A Social Psychology of Protest: Individuals in Action
Protest is typically rare behavior, yet the first decade of the twenty-first century has been named the era of protest. Successful protests bring masses to the streets, and the emergence of social media has fundamentally changed the process of mobilization. What protests need to be successful is demand (grievances, anger, and indignation), supply (protest organizations), and mobilization (effective communication networks). Motivation to participa…
Social Movements And Culture
Embeddedness and Identity: How Immigrants Turn Grievances into Action
The social and political integration of Muslim immigrants into Western societies is among the most pressing problems of today. Research documents how immigrant communities are increasingly under pressure to assimilate to their "host" societies in the face of significant discrimination. In this article, we bring together two literatures-that on immigrants and that on social movement participation-to explore whether Muslim immigrants respond to the…
Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings
Social movements such as environmentalism, feminism, nationalism, and the anti-immigration movement are a prominent feature of the modern world and have attracted increasing attention from scholars in many countries. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements, first published in 1996, brings together a set of essays that focus upon mobilization structures and strategies, political opportunities, and cultural framing and ideologies. The essays a…
Identity Politics and Politicized Identities: Identity Processes and the Dynamics of Protest
Over the last decades, the concept of identity has become increasingly central in the social psychology of protest. Collective identity, politicized collective identity, dual identity, and multiple identities are concepts that help to understand and describe the social psychological dynamics of protest. In this article, I theorize about identity processes in the context of protest participation: how group identification establishes the link betwe…
The social psychology of protest
Social psychological research has taught us a lot about why people protest. This article provides a theoretical and empirical overview. Discussed are grievances, efficacy, identification, emotions and social embeddedness, followed by the most recent approaches, which combine these concepts into dual pathway models. Finally, two future directions are discussed: (1) to shed light on the paradox of persistent participation, and (2) to clarify how pe…
Why Social Movement Sympathizers Don't Participate: Erosion and Nonconversion of Support
Social movement organizations face the challenge of converting action preparedness into action participation, and accordingly, they must deal with factors that lead to nonparticipation. We identify two routes to nonparticipationnonconversion and Nonconversion refers to a movement's failure to transform sympathizers into active participants. Erosion refers to the loss of sympathizers. We provide a theoretical framework for explaining nonconversion…
Identity Processes in Collective Action Participation: Farmers' Identity and Farmers' Protest in the Netherlands and Spain
This study tested the assumption that a sense of collective identity stimulates participation in collective action. Contextual circumstances supposedly make a collective identity more salient and compel people to act as members of the group; protest participation is more likely among people with a strong collective identity. Group identification and participation in identity organizations were used as indicators of collective identity in a study …
Contextualizing Contestation: Framework, Design, and Data
This article presents the theoretical underpinnings, design, methods, and measures of the project, Caught in the Act of Protest: Contextualizing Contestation. This effort examines street demonstrations that vary in atmosphere, organization, and target. The project particularly focuses on participants, exploring who participates, and why and how people got involved. Data are collected before, during, and after a number of demonstrations, and captu…
Stigmatization and Repression of Extreme-Right Activism in the Netherlands
This article discusses repression and stigmatization of movement activists. Building on recent discussions of repression and mobilization of social movements, a distinction is made between hard and soft repression. These forms of repression are further differentiated into state repression, confrontation with countermovements, and exclusion from the political and social environment. It is argued that all of these forms of repression work simultane…
Context Matters: Explaining How and Why Mobilizing Context Influences Motivational Dynamics
The emphasis in the social‐psychological collective action literature is on why individuals take part in collective action; however, it does not elaborate on how different mobilizing contexts may appeal to distinct motivational dynamics to participate. The present study connects the microlevel of motivational dynamics of individual protesters with the mesolevel of social movement characteristics. To do so a field study was conducted. Protesters w…
Revolutionaries, Wanderers, Converts, and Compliants: Life Histories of Extreme Right Activists
Life-history interviews were conducted with thirty-six extreme right activists in the Netherlands (1996-1998). Becoming an activist was a matter of continuity, of conversion, or of compliance. Continuity denotes life histories wherein movement membership and participation are a natural consequence of prior political socialization; conversion to trajectories wherein movement membership and participation are a break with the past; and c ompliance t…
Media Coverage and Organizational Support in The Dutch Environmental Movement
Though social movement organizations (SMOs) depend heavily upon the media for their communication to the public, little is known about the relationships between media coverage and public support for SMOs. This research uses computer-assisted content analysis to assess the relationship between media coverage and membership figures for Dutch environmental organizations over the period 1991-2003. Our analysis provides evidence for direct influence o…
How Group Identification Helps to Overcome the Dilemma of Collective Action
According to the basic assumption underlying this article, people are more likely to participate in protest the more they feel that a group they identify with is treated unjustly. Depersonalization and the politicization of group identification are discussed as two processes that mediate the relationship between group identification and protest participation. Empirical evidence from three studies is discussed. In a study among people older than 5…
A theoretical framework for comparisons of social movement participation
Telling the Collective Story? Moroccan-Dutch Young Adults' Negotiation of a Collective Identity through Storytelling
Political racism in Flanders and the Netherlands: Explaining differences in the electoral success of extreme right-wing parties
In this article, a multi-disciplinary approach is used to explain the electoral breakthrough of the Vlaams Blok in Flanders (Belgium) relative to the marginal electoral performance of the extreme right in the Netherlands. Drawing on insights from various disciplines - mainly historical science, political science, sociology and social psychology, a conceptual frame is developed to explain this difference. Three factors are highlighted: supply, dem…
A Survey Experiment on Citizens’ Preferences for ‘Vote–Centric’ vs. ‘Talk–Centric’ Democratic Innovations with Advisory vs. Binding Outcomes
Previous research on public support for participatory decision-making fails to distinguish between vote-centric (referendums and initiatives) and talk-centric (deliberative-style meetings) instruments, despite a deliberative turn in democratic theory suggesting that political discussion among ordinary citizens improves decision-making. In an online factorial survey experiment conducted among a sample of 960 Americans recruited on Amazon’s Mechani…
Why People Don't Participate in Collective Action
Studies of social movements usually concentrate on explanations of participation. Much less attention is given to non-participation. In this article, we develop a social–psychological theory of non-participation. To some extent, non-participation is the flip side of participation, but it also has dynamics of its own. Theoretical notions are applied in an illustrative manner to the dynamics of collective action against nuclear weapons in the Nethe…
Mobilization Without Organization: The Case of Unaffiliated Demonstrators
Collective action literature tends to focus on how people are affiliated to mobilizing structures and on how being affiliated to these networks facilitates collective action participation. Much less attention is given to the fact that sometimes large proportions of the participants are not affiliated to the organizers’ networks. In this article, we discuss the dynamics of participation in street demonstrations for participants who are not affilia…
Redeeming Apartheid's Legacy: Collective Guilt, Political Ideology, and Compensation
This paper reports two studies among white South African students on feelings of collective guilt about apartheid and attitudes to affirmative action. Study 1 reports on 21 in‐depth interviews, Study 2 on results from 180 survey questionnaires. Substantial proportions of the participants in both studies displayed feelings of collective guilt. Among participants in both studies who identified strongly with white South Africans, some displayed stro…
Inclusiveness of identification among farmers in The Netherlands and Galicia (Spain)
In this paper we discuss inclusiveness of identification among farmers in Galicia (Spain) and The Netherlands. Identification with three nested categories—farmers in the local community, farmers in the country, and farmers in Europe was assessed among 167 Dutch and 248 Galician farmers at three points in time: winter of 1993/94, winter 1995 and fall 1995. Our findings suggest that inclusiveness reduces the level of identification. However, the ob…
Rotter's I. E.‐Scale and Socio‐Political Action‐Taking: The balance of 20 years of research
Besides Rotter's hypothesis that internals are more likely to participate in sociopolitical action than externals, in this paper the hypothesis is formulated that externals are more likely to participate in socio‐political action than internals. Both hypotheses can be justified from a value‐expectancy theoretical point of view. These hypotheses are called the efficacy hypothesis and the power‐formation hypothesis respectively. The assumption is m…
Mobilization and participation in trade union action: An expectancy‐value approach
The mobilization of trade union members to participate in the activities of their union is a complex process of persuading and activating. Curiously, the literature on union participation has paid little attention to this process. In this paper an expectancy‐value theory of willingness to participate in action is presented. Central to this theory is the assumption that the willingness to participate in an activity or action of a trade union is a …
Mobilization and Participation: Social-Psychological Expansisons of Resource Mobilization Theory
Resource mobilization theorists have nearly abandoned social-psychological analysis of social movements. In this paper a fresh case is made for social psychology. New insights in psychology are combined with resource mobilization theory in an attempt to overcome the weaknesses of traditional social-psychological approaches to social movements. Expectancy-value theory is applied to movement participation and mobilization. It is assumed that the wi…
Individuals and Collective Action
Psychology and trade union participation: Joining, acting, quitting
Protest: Studies of Collective Behavior and Social Movements
Potentials, Networks, Motivations, and Barriers: Steps Towards Participation in Social Movements
Four aspects of mobilization are distinguished: formation of mobilization potentials, formation and activation of recruitment networks, arousal of motivation to participate, and removal of barriers to participation. Four steps toward participation in social movements are then distinguished: becoming part of the mobilization potential, becoming target of mobilization attempts, becoming motivated to participate, and overcoming barriers to participa…
International Social Movement Research, Vol. I: From Structure to Action: Comparing Social Movement Research Across Cultures
Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society.Alberto Melucci , John Keane , Paul Mier
Tales of Nationalism: Catalonia, 1939-1979.Hank Johnston
Stress experienced by active members of trade unions
The literature presents role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload as psychological stressors which arise when a person plays conflicting roles, receives conflicting signals of what the environment expects of him, or both. Complexity increases when a role or a plurality of roles involves more activities and when a person functions in more than a single system (environment) and hence is faced with a variety of role senders. Research into this…
A theoretical framework for comparisons of social movement participation
Why Social Movement Sympathizers Don't Participate: Erosion and Nonconversion of Support
Social movement organizations face the challenge of converting action preparedness into action participation, and accordingly, they must deal with factors that lead to nonparticipation. We identify two routes to nonparticipationnonconversion and Nonconversion refers to a movement's failure to transform sympathizers into active participants. Erosion refers to the loss of sympathizers. We provide a theoretical framework for explaining nonconversion…
Social explanations for job insecurity: Group influences on causal attributions
The Politics Of Social Protest: Comparative Perspectives on States and Social Movements
Part 1 The origins of social protest: between movement and party in 19th- century French republicanism left-right ideology and collective political action in Western germany, Israel and Peru the new class, political identities and the social bases of political protest in eight western democracies. Part 2 The structure of political opportunities: the political opportunity structure of new social movements opposition movements and opposition partie…
Media discourse, movement publicity, and the generation of collective action frames: Theoretical and empirical exercises in meaning construction
The Netherlands has the reputation of having one of the best social security systems in the world. Part of this system is the Disability Insurance Act (WAO). It rules that everybody who is physically incapable of continuing to work on his or her own level of education and work experience is entitled to a benefit of 70 percent of his or her last-earned income. Since 1968, the year the Disability Insurance Act was implemented, work disability in th…
Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings
Social movements such as environmentalism, feminism, nationalism, and the anti-immigration movement are a prominent feature of the modern world and have attracted increasing attention from scholars in many countries. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements, first published in 1996, brings together a set of essays that focus upon mobilization structures and strategies, political opportunities, and cultural framing and ideologies. The essays a…
Cultural Politics and Social Movements
The social psychology of protest
This is an overview of the development of social movements based on current research on movement mobilization and participation. It is an ideal guide to the field for upper-level students studying the development of movement participation in social psychology, sociology or politics. The discussion is illuminated by extensive international examples ranging from women's movements, to right wing extremist groups, to social movements in South Africa.
Identität und Protest
Identität, Ungerechtigkeit und strategische Handlungsorientierung2 sind drei entscheidende Konzepte einer Sozialpsychologie des Protestes. Tatsächlich zielt Gamsons Konzeptio-nalisierung kollektiver Handlungsrahmen (Gamson 1992; Gamson et al. 1982) auf das Zusammenwirken dieser drei Faktoren ab
Political protest and political transition in South Africa 1994-1995
Though fairly high levels of protest were maintained in the period 1994-1995, survey responses and other data suggest that its form, character and constituents may be changing. Surveys conducted in 1994 and 1995 demonstrate that among South Africans language and ethnicity have become more important in the formation of collective identity and that commitment to political organisation is slackening. Neighbourhood, generation and gender have also ga…
The Subversion of Politics: European Autonomous Social Movements and the Decolonization of Everyday Life
Protest Intentions on the Eve of South Africa's First Nonracial Elections: Optimists Look Beyond Injustice
In fall 1994 South Africa was preparing for its first nonracial, democratic elections. Uncertainty about the future characterized the political and social climate. Would the ANC be capable of governing? What would the conservative white population do? Would Buthulezi's Inkatha Freedom Party participate? Would violence continue? This article examines how, in a situation of maximum uncertainty, optimism or pessimism about the future influenced will…
Group identification and political protest: Farmers' protest in the Netherlands
Social identity theory is employed to conceptualise the role of group identification in the conversion of discontent into participation in political protest. It is assumed that higher levels of group identification stimulate participation in protest on behalf of the group. Perceived characteristics of the intergroup situation such as the permeability of group boundaries, and the stability and legitimacy of intergroup relations are supposed to mod…
Group identification and political protest: Farmers' protest in the Netherlands
Social identity theory is employed to conceptualise the role of group identication in the conversion of discontent into participation in political protest. It is assumed that higher levels of group identication stimulate participation in protest on behalf of the group. Perceived characteristics of the intergroup situation such as the permeability of group boundaries, and the stability and legitimacy of intergroup relations are supposed to modify …
Political science (68 works) · Sociology (59 works) · Politics (54 works) · Law (49 works) · Psychology (45 works) · Social Psychology (38 works) · Law (28 works) · Social movement (25 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (23 works) · Social Media and Politics (22 works)