James M Cheverud
Biographic Data
| ID | 78810 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James M Cheverud |
| GIVEN NAMES | James M |
| FAMILY NAME | Cheverud |
| SIGNATURE | CHEVERUD J M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Washington University in St. Louis |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7651-863X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 61 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 823 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 61 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
Additive genetic variation in the craniofacial skeleton of baboons (genus Papio ) and its relationship to body and cranial size
Objectives Determining the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and genetic correlations among them is important for understanding morphological evolution patterns. We address two questions regarding papionin evolution: (1) what effect do body and cranial size, age, and sex have on phenotypic ( V P ) and additive genetic ( V A ) variation in baboon crania, and (2) how might additive genetic correlations between craniofacial traits and body…
Obituary: Kenneth Alan Bennett (October 3, 1935 – February 6, 2014)
Further evidence for phenotypic signatures of hybridization in descendant baboon populations
Genetic and environmental contributions to variation in baboon cranial morphology
The development, function, and integration of morphological characteristics are all hypothesized to influence the utility of traits for phylogenetic reconstruction by affecting the way in which morphological characteristics evolve. We use a baboon model to test the hypotheses about phenotypic and quantitative genetic variation of traits in the cranium that bear on a phenotype's propensity to evolve. We test the hypotheses that: 1) individual trai…
Identifying the morphological signatures of hybridization in primate and human evolution
Detecting genetic drift versus selection in human evolution
Recent paleoanthropological discoveries reveal a diverse, potentially speciose human fossil record. Such extensive morphological diversity results from the action of divergent evolutionary forces on an evolving lineage. Here, we apply quantitative evolutionary theory to test whether random evolutionary processes alone can explain the morphological diversity seen among fossil australopith and early Homo crania from the Plio–Pleistocene. We show th…
Systematics and evolution of the jacchus group of marmosets (Platyrrhini)
Interspecific differentiation and geographic variation patterns in 39 skull traits of eastern Brazilian marmosets are analyzed. Eastern Callithrix taxa are distinct morphologically, and no evidence of intergradation among taxa is observed. Instead, there are sharp, stepped morphological boundaries among taxa, consistent with species‐level distinction. The morphological similarity cluster diagram obtained from Mahalanobis distances is different fr…
Cranial evolution in sakis ( Pithecia , Platyrrhini) I: Interspecific differentiation and allometric patterns
Patterns of interspecific differentiation in saki monkey ( Pithecia ) skulls are quantitatively described. The taxonomic arrangement previously proposed by Hershkovitz ([ 1987 ] Am. J. Primatol. 12: 387–468) is consistent with quantitative differences in saki morphology. Discriminant analyses on 39 skull traits show that Pithecia species and subspecies are well‐differentiated. Morphological distances (D 2 ) among sakis clearly show the morphologi…
Scaling of Sexual Dimorphism in Body Mass: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Rensch's Rule in Primates
Discerning evolutionary processes in patterns of tamarin (genus Saguinus ) craniofacial variation
Quantitative genetic theory specifies evolutionary expectations for morphological diversification by genetic drift in a monophyletic clade. If genetic drift is responsible for the evolutionary morphological diversification of a clade, patterns of within‐ and between‐taxon morphological variance/covariance should be proportional. We tested for proportionality of within‐ and between‐species craniofacial morphological variation in 12 species of tama…
Subspecific genetic differences in the saddle‐back tamarin ( Saguinus fuscicollis ) postcranial skeleton
Saddle‐back tamarins ( Saguinus fuscicollis ) have been differentiated into subspecies based on coat color and facial morphology. Morphology of first‐generation genetic hybrids can provide an understanding of population differences and evolution that may otherwise be difficult to obtain. This study compares postcranial morphology in two hybrids of saddle‐back tamarins ( S. f. illigeri × S. f. lagonotus and S. f. illigeri × S. f. leucogenys ) to t…
Phenotypic covariance structure in tamarins (genusSaguinus): A comparison of variation patterns using matrix correlation and common principal component analysis
Constancy of variation/covariation structure among populations is frequently assumed in order to measure the differential selective forces which have caused population differentiation through evolutionary time. Following Steppan ([1997] Evolution 51:571-594), this assumption is examined among closely related tamarin species (genus Saguinus), using two distinct approaches applied to the task of evaluating similarity in patterns of morphological va…
Historical biogeography of tamarins, genusSaguinus: The molecular phylogenetic evidence
Hypotheses of the historical biogeography of tamarins (genus Saguinus) based on variation in coat colors and body size are tested using phylogenetic relationships inferred from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data. Samples from all 12 species of Saguinus and several subspecies are included in the analysis. Approximately 1,200 bases of mtDNA sequence from the cytochrome b and D-loop regions are reported for the tamarins and several outgroup tax…
Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits
Interactions between infant growth and survival: Evidence for selection on age-specific body weight in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
The objective of this study is to investigate factors influencing infant survival in captive common marmosets. We investigated the influence of age-specific weight, litter size, caging, and the presence of helpers on survival to 6 months of age in 189 Callithrix jacchus infants. Infant survival was analyzed using Cox Proportional Hazards regression, and fitness functions were plotted to explore the relationship between survival and growth. Result…
Age of epiphyseal closure in tamarins and marmosets
Estimates of the chronological age for animals of unknown age provide useful information for medical, demographic, and evolutionary studies. Skeletal development, as indicated by epiphyseal closure, can be used to estimate an animal's chronological age or specify its stage of development. Many studies of Primate skeletal development have used animals of unknown age, with the order of epiphyseal closure providing a relative age for each animal. Th…
Age of epiphyseal closure in tamarins and marmosets
Estimates of the chronological age for animals of unknown age provide useful information for medical, demographic, and evolutionary studies. Skeletal development, as indicated by epiphyseal closure, can be used to estimate an animal's chronological age or specify its stage of development. Many studies of Primate skeletal development have used animals of unknown age, with the order of epiphyseal closure providing a relative age for each animal. Th…
Developmental Integration and the Evolution of Pleiotropy
The different forms of morphological integration, developmental, functional, genetic, and evolutionary are defined and their theoretical relationships explored. Quantitative genetic models predict that the co-selection of traits involved in a common function will lead to pleiotropic effects at the loci affecting them while functionally-unrelated traits will be affected by separate sets of loci (Wagner, 1996). The patterns of genetic variation pro…
Asymmetric vault modification in Hopi crania
Cradleboarding was practiced by numerous prehistoric and historic populations, including the Hopi. In this group, one result of cra‐dleboarding was bilateral or asymmetric flattening of the posterior occipital. We test whether cradleboarding had significant effects on the morphology of the cranial vault, cranial base, and face. Additionally, we examine associations between direction of flattening and asymmetric craniofacial growth. A skeletal sam…
Infant killing as an evolutionary strategy: Reality or myth
Genetic differences among subspecies of the saddle‐back tamarin ( Saguinus fuscicollis ): Evidence from hybrids
The subspecies of saddle‐back tamarins ( Saguinus fuscicollis ) are known to be chromatically and morphologically diverse but little is known of the genetic basis for the observed morphological variation. The morphology of first generation subspecific hybrids can be compared to that of the parental subspecies to provide information on the extent and nature of genetic differences in morphology between subspecies. We compare two groups of saddle‐ba…
Infant Killing in Primates: A Review of Observed Cases with Specific Reference to the Sexual Selection Hypothesis
Discussion of infant killing in free‐ranging primates has focused on the sexual selection hypothesis developed by Hrdy during the mid‐1970s. This hypothesis suggests that infant killing is a form of sexual competition whereby an infanticidal male gains a reproductive advantage by selectively killing the offspring of his male rivals. Despite criticisms that the evidence in support of the hypothesis is distorted by misinterpretation of data and obs…
Effects of annular cranial vault modification on the cranial base and face
Artificial modification of the cranial vault was practiced by a number of prehistoric and protohistoric populations, frequently during an infant's first year of life. We test the hypothesis that, in addition to its direct effects on the cranial vault, annular cranial vault modification has a significant indirect effect on cranial base and facial morphology. Two skeletal series from the Pacific Northwest Coast, which include both nonmodified and m…
Cranial deformation and nonmetric trait variation
Cranial deformation is known to influence many traditional craniometric variables, but its effects on nonmetric trait variation are not well characterized. In this study, we examine the effects of three types of deformation (annular, lambdoid flattening, and fronto‐occipital) on nonmetric traits, using a large sample of protohistoric and prehistoric crania. Our results indicate that a few traits are increased or decreased in relative frequency by…
Primate population studies at Polonnaruwa. II. Heritability of body measurements in a natural population of toque macaques ( Macaca sinica )
The heritability of quantitative traits, or the proportion of phenotypic variation due to additive genetic or heritable effects, plays an important role in determining the evolutionary response to natural selection. Most quantitative genetic studies are performed in the laboratory, due to difficulty in obtaining genealogical data in natural populations. Genealogies are known, however, from a unique 20‐year study of toque macaques ( Macaca sinica …
Correlates of sexual dimorphism in primates: Ecological and size variables
Identifying the morphological signatures of hybridization in primate and human evolution
Comparison of distance matrices in studies of population structure and genetic microdifferentiation: Quadratic assignment
Questions concerning the relative effects of various evolutionary forces in molding the genetic variability exhibited by groups of human populations have typically been investigated by comparing a variety of genetic and cultural/historical “distance” matrices. A major methodological difficulty has been the lack of formal testing procedures with which to assess the degree of confirmation or disconfirmation of an estimated measure of relationship b…
Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. I. Single trait heritabilities
The use of skeletal nonmetric traits in studies of biological relationships often involves the assumption that variation in these traits is genetic. Studies of nonmetric traits in human groups and in inbred strains of mice and rabbits have indicated a genetic component to nonmetric trait variation. Skeletons of animals with known matrilineage membership were obtained from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection in order to obtain a direct estimate …
Scaling of Sexual Dimorphism in Body Mass: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Rensch's Rule in Primates
Epiphyseal union and dental eruption in Macaca mulatta
Age of dental eruption and epiphyseal fusion is estimated for the permanent dentition and long bone epiphyses of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) , with 299 skeletons of individuals with known age of death, from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection. Epiphyses at a given joint tend to fuse at the same time. While males and females tend to have the same pattern of epiphyseal fusion, females' epiphyses fuse earlier than those of males, espeically a…
Effects of fronto‐occipital artificial cranial vault modification on the cranial base and face
Artificial reshaping of the cranial vault has been practiced by many human groups and provides a natural experiment in which the relationships of neurocranial, cranial base, and facial growth can be investigated. We test the hypothesis that fronto‐occipital artificial reshaping of the neurocranial vault results in specific changes in the cranial base and face. Fronto‐occipital reshaping results from the application of pads or a cradle board which…
Cranial deformation and nonmetric trait variation
Cranial deformation is known to influence many traditional craniometric variables, but its effects on nonmetric trait variation are not well characterized. In this study, we examine the effects of three types of deformation (annular, lambdoid flattening, and fronto‐occipital) on nonmetric traits, using a large sample of protohistoric and prehistoric crania. Our results indicate that a few traits are increased or decreased in relative frequency by…
Relationships among ontogenetic, static, and evolutionary allometry
The relationship between ontogenetic, static, and evolutionary levels of allometry is investigated. Extrapolation from relative size relationships in adults to relative growth in ontogeny depends on the variability of slopes and intercepts of ontogenetic vectors relative to variability in length of the vector. If variability in slopes and intercepts is low relative to variability in length, ontogenetic and static allometries will be similar. The …
Sexual dimorphism in the baboon facial skeleton
Baboons exhibit marked sexual dimorphism in many aspects of their morphology. Dimorphism is especially pronounced in the face. We use finite‐element analysis to investigate the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in a cross‐sectional sample of baboon ( Papio sp.) faces. This method provides detailed quantitative information about size and shape changes at anatomical landmarks in the face during growth. Allometric results suggest that sexual dimorphism …
Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. II. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between traits
The general lack of phenotypic correlation among skeletal nonmetric traits has been interpreted as indicating a lack of genetic correlation among these traits. Nonmetric traits scored on animals in the skeletal collection of rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago are used to calculate phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between traits. The results show that even when phenotypic correlations are low, there may be large, significant gen…
Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. III. Relative heritability of skeletal nonmetric and metric traits
This study addresses the long‐standing controversy in skeletal biology concerning the relative utility of skeletal metric and nonmetric traits for studies of biological relationship. This controversy centers on the relative heritability of these two trait sets. This paper presents heritabilities for a series of skeletal metric and nonmetric traits measured with the same sample of mother‐offspring pairs from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection o…
Relationships between non‐metric skeletal traits and cranial size and shape
A long‐standing controversy exists about the comparative utility of metric and non‐metric traits as biological indicators in population studies. We hypothesize that the underlying scale which determines the presence or absence of a cranial non‐metric trait is an expression of general and/or local size variation in the cranium. Therefore metric and non‐metric traits will share a common developmental determination. The hypothesis implies that the u…
Infant killing as an evolutionary strategy: Reality or myth
Infant Killing in Primates: A Review of Observed Cases with Specific Reference to the Sexual Selection Hypothesis
Discussion of infant killing in free‐ranging primates has focused on the sexual selection hypothesis developed by Hrdy during the mid‐1970s. This hypothesis suggests that infant killing is a form of sexual competition whereby an infanticidal male gains a reproductive advantage by selectively killing the offspring of his male rivals. Despite criticisms that the evidence in support of the hypothesis is distorted by misinterpretation of data and obs…
Effects of annular cranial vault modification on the cranial base and face
Artificial modification of the cranial vault was practiced by a number of prehistoric and protohistoric populations, frequently during an infant's first year of life. We test the hypothesis that, in addition to its direct effects on the cranial vault, annular cranial vault modification has a significant indirect effect on cranial base and facial morphology. Two skeletal series from the Pacific Northwest Coast, which include both nonmodified and m…
Social group fission and the origin of intergroup genetic differentiation among the rhesus monkeys of Cayo Santiago
The serum transferrin locus is used to investigate the roles of the lineal effect of fission, male migration effect of fission, and genetic drift in causing intergroup genetic differentiation among the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. These three mechanisms prove sufficient to explain the degrees of differentiation between the newly formed social groups A, K, and L as of July 1, 1971. The lineal effect of fission provides a baseline of intergrou…
The measurement of form and variation in form: An application of three‐dimensional quantitative morphology by finite‐element methods
D'Arcy Thompson developed a method of coordinates which allowed for a geometrical presentation of form and form change. While his grid transformations have received much attention, little work in the geometry of form and form change has occurred since. We present a three‐dimensional nonhomogeneous finite‐element scaling method which allows for the mathematical and geometrical measurement of form change in addition to the graphical representation …
Cementum annulation and age determination in Homo sapiens . II. Estimates and accuracy
The cementum annulation aging technique was evaluated in a sample of 80 clinically extracted premolars (age range 11–70 years). Demineralized thin sections (7μm) stained with hematoxylin were used. The correlation (r) between age and adjusted count (number of annulations added to age of tooth eruption) was 0.78 for the entire sample (N = 73) and 0.86 for a subsample in which teeth with periodontal disease were excluded (N = 55). Standard error of…
Further evidence for phenotypic signatures of hybridization in descendant baboon populations
Partial correlation of distance matrices in studies of population structure
Anthropological studies of human population structure commonly compare various monogenic and polygenic (metric) distance matrices to distance matrices obtained from measures of geographical dispersion, linguistic differences, and migration patterns in an attempt to infer something about the effects of evolutionary factors (drift and differential selection, in particular). It is, though, commonly recognized that geography, language, and migration …
Discerning evolutionary processes in patterns of tamarin (genus Saguinus ) craniofacial variation
Quantitative genetic theory specifies evolutionary expectations for morphological diversification by genetic drift in a monophyletic clade. If genetic drift is responsible for the evolutionary morphological diversification of a clade, patterns of within‐ and between‐taxon morphological variance/covariance should be proportional. We tested for proportionality of within‐ and between‐species craniofacial morphological variation in 12 species of tama…
Genetic correlations between sides and heritability of asymmetry for nonmetric traits in rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago
The use of nonmetric traits for estimation of biological distance is a long‐standing practice in biological anthropology. Nonmetric traits can be scored using either the individual or the side of the individual as the unit of measure. If sides of the individual are genetically correlated the use of sides would produce redundant genetic information. For this reason, Korey (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 53 :19–23, 1980) argues for the use of individuals …
Genetic and environmental contributions to variation in baboon cranial morphology
The development, function, and integration of morphological characteristics are all hypothesized to influence the utility of traits for phylogenetic reconstruction by affecting the way in which morphological characteristics evolve. We use a baboon model to test the hypotheses about phenotypic and quantitative genetic variation of traits in the cranium that bear on a phenotype's propensity to evolve. We test the hypotheses that: 1) individual trai…
Effects of fronto‐occipital cranial reshaping on mandibular form
Cultural reshaping (artificial deformation or modification) of the neurocranial vault provides an artificially increased range of morphological variability within which the relationship between the growing neurocranium and face can be investigated. We analyze crania which have been fronto‐occipitally compressed to ascertain possible morphological effects on the mandible. We collected measures of mandibular breadth, length, and height from 82 modi…
Social group fission and the origin of intergroup genetic differentiation among the rhesus monkeys of Cayo Santiago
The serum transferrin locus is used to investigate the roles of the lineal effect of fission, male migration effect of fission, and genetic drift in causing intergroup genetic differentiation among the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. These three mechanisms prove sufficient to explain the degrees of differentiation between the newly formed social groups A, K, and L as of July 1, 1971. The lineal effect of fission provides a baseline of intergrou…
A study of intragroup biological change induced by social group fission in Macaca mulatta using discrete cranial traits
Eight discrete cranial traits are used as biological indicators to investigate the effect of social group fission on intragroup genetic change leading to intergroup differentiation in Macaca mulatta . The timing of discrete cranial trait frequency change and group fission coincide, indicating a possible causal relationship between fission and genetic change. A significant change in the male mating population during and after fission is proposed a…
Relationships between non‐metric skeletal traits and cranial size and shape
A long‐standing controversy exists about the comparative utility of metric and non‐metric traits as biological indicators in population studies. We hypothesize that the underlying scale which determines the presence or absence of a cranial non‐metric trait is an expression of general and/or local size variation in the cranium. Therefore metric and non‐metric traits will share a common developmental determination. The hypothesis implies that the u…
Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. I. Single trait heritabilities
The use of skeletal nonmetric traits in studies of biological relationships often involves the assumption that variation in these traits is genetic. Studies of nonmetric traits in human groups and in inbred strains of mice and rabbits have indicated a genetic component to nonmetric trait variation. Skeletons of animals with known matrilineage membership were obtained from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection in order to obtain a direct estimate …
Epiphyseal union and dental eruption in Macaca mulatta
Age of dental eruption and epiphyseal fusion is estimated for the permanent dentition and long bone epiphyses of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) , with 299 skeletons of individuals with known age of death, from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection. Epiphyses at a given joint tend to fuse at the same time. While males and females tend to have the same pattern of epiphyseal fusion, females' epiphyses fuse earlier than those of males, espeically a…
Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. II. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between traits
The general lack of phenotypic correlation among skeletal nonmetric traits has been interpreted as indicating a lack of genetic correlation among these traits. Nonmetric traits scored on animals in the skeletal collection of rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago are used to calculate phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between traits. The results show that even when phenotypic correlations are low, there may be large, significant gen…
Deciduous tooth dimensions in fetal rhesus monkeys from mothers with induced diabetes
Thirty‐four measurements of the deciduous dentition in 21 fetal rhesus monkeys from diabetic mothers (FDM) and 36 nondiabetic fetuses were compared in order to assess the effects of induced maternal diabetes on the teeth of third‐trimester fetuses. After exclusion of 14 variates due to significant age‐related variation, univariate statistical analysis suggested a trend toward smaller teeth in the FDMs. Multivariate discriminant function analysis …
Phenotypic, Genetic, and Environmental Morphological Integration in the Cranium
Modern theories of evolutionary change have stressed the unity of the genotype (Mayr, 1963, 1976; Lewontin, 1974; Wright, 1978, 1980). is the total phenotype which is selected upon and the total genotype which evolves rather than individual phenotypic characters or genes. Individual phenotypic characters and genes only evolve within the larger context of the organism in which they occur. Therefore, organisms are the integrated functional units wh…
Correlates of sexual dimorphism in primates: Ecological and size variables
Relationships among ontogenetic, static, and evolutionary allometry
The relationship between ontogenetic, static, and evolutionary levels of allometry is investigated. Extrapolation from relative size relationships in adults to relative growth in ontogeny depends on the variability of slopes and intercepts of ontogenetic vectors relative to variability in length of the vector. If variability in slopes and intercepts is low relative to variability in length, ontogenetic and static allometries will be similar. The …
Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. III. Relative heritability of skeletal nonmetric and metric traits
This study addresses the long‐standing controversy in skeletal biology concerning the relative utility of skeletal metric and nonmetric traits for studies of biological relationship. This controversy centers on the relative heritability of these two trait sets. This paper presents heritabilities for a series of skeletal metric and nonmetric traits measured with the same sample of mother‐offspring pairs from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection o…
Distribution of ABO Blood Groups on the Indian Subcontinent: A Cluster-Analytic Approach [and Comments and Reply]
This paper attempts a comprehensive statistical analysis of the O-A-B-AB blood-group frequencies collected from the Indian subcontinent. The objective is to examine the variation in ABO gene frequencies among populations using statistical tests of homogeneity and single-linkage cluster analysis. In all, 899 sets of phenotype frequency data were examined. Of these, 405, each based on a sample of at least 100 individuals and in conformity with Hard…
The measurement of form and variation in form: An application of three‐dimensional quantitative morphology by finite‐element methods
D'Arcy Thompson developed a method of coordinates which allowed for a geometrical presentation of form and form change. While his grid transformations have received much attention, little work in the geometry of form and form change has occurred since. We present a three‐dimensional nonhomogeneous finite‐element scaling method which allows for the mathematical and geometrical measurement of form change in addition to the graphical representation …
The relationship between cranial metric and nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago
This study addresses the relationship between cranial metric variables and nonmetric traits using the skeletal sample of rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago. Discriminant function analysis is used to study the metric differences between macaque crania grouped according to the presence or absence of nine nonmetric traits. The computation of total structure coefficients from the discriminant function analyses provides information regarding how close…
Genetic correlations between sides and heritability of asymmetry for nonmetric traits in rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago
The use of nonmetric traits for estimation of biological distance is a long‐standing practice in biological anthropology. Nonmetric traits can be scored using either the individual or the side of the individual as the unit of measure. If sides of the individual are genetically correlated the use of sides would produce redundant genetic information. For this reason, Korey (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 53 :19–23, 1980) argues for the use of individuals …
Sexual Dimorphism in Primates
Comparison of distance matrices in studies of population structure and genetic microdifferentiation: Quadratic assignment
Questions concerning the relative effects of various evolutionary forces in molding the genetic variability exhibited by groups of human populations have typically been investigated by comparing a variety of genetic and cultural/historical “distance” matrices. A major methodological difficulty has been the lack of formal testing procedures with which to assess the degree of confirmation or disconfirmation of an estimated measure of relationship b…
An autocorrelation analysis of genetic variation due to lineal fission in social groups of rhesus macaques
Empirical analyses and models of the lineal effects of fission indicate that considerable genetic differentiation may occur at the time of group formation, thus confusing the usual positive relationship between historical affiliation and genetic differentiation. We analyze the effects of fission pattern on variation in highly heritable morphological traits among eight social groups on Cayo Santiago. The analysis is performed using general network…
Cementum annulation and age determination in Homo sapiens . II. Estimates and accuracy
The cementum annulation aging technique was evaluated in a sample of 80 clinically extracted premolars (age range 11–70 years). Demineralized thin sections (7μm) stained with hematoxylin were used. The correlation (r) between age and adjusted count (number of annulations added to age of tooth eruption) was 0.78 for the entire sample (N = 73) and 0.86 for a subsample in which teeth with periodontal disease were excluded (N = 55). Standard error of…
Cementum annulation and age determination in Homo sapiens . I. Tooth variability and observer error
In order to test the feasibility of cementum annulations to estimate age in humans, observer error and tooth variability in cementum ring counts were evaluated in a sample of 42 mandibular canine and first premolar pairs. Additionally, two sectioning techniques were evaluated. Demineralized thin sections (7 μm) stained with hematoxylin are the preferred technique since their age related variance is greater than 75% for all tooth types examined. I…
A Phylogenetic Autocorrelation Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in Primates
Partial correlation of distance matrices in studies of population structure
Anthropological studies of human population structure commonly compare various monogenic and polygenic (metric) distance matrices to distance matrices obtained from measures of geographical dispersion, linguistic differences, and migration patterns in an attempt to infer something about the effects of evolutionary factors (drift and differential selection, in particular). It is, though, commonly recognized that geography, language, and migration …
Essentials of Behaviour Genetics . David A. Hay
A Comparison of Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations
Genetic variances and correlations lie at the center of quantitative evolutionary theory. They are often difficult to estimate, however, due to the large samples of related individuals that are required. I investigated the relationship of genetic- and phenotypic-correlation magnitudes and patterns in 41 pairs of matrices drawn from the literature in order to determine their degree of similarity and whether phenotypic parameters could be used in p…
Preface: Biological networks symposium
Biology (52 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (33 works) · Evolutionary biology (30 works) · Ecology (22 works) · Zoology (22 works) · Genetics (21 works) · Mathematics (19 works) · Wildlife Ecology and Conservation (19 works) · Ecology (18 works) · Genetics (18 works)